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rrc nits'

ABERRATIONAL

AND

SUBSPECIFIC
FORMS OF
BRITISH

LEPIDOPTERA

! ' ■ )

BY I

A. 1. GOODSON & D, K. READ.

r\

Ik

I

I'l

h

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

I

Volume 7

Noctuidae Part 1

i

Aberrational Forms

Noctuidae Vol. I.
Index to .Species.

advena Fabr.

dahlii Hbn.

D.

22.

see bofoycina Kufn.

P.

58.

decimalis Foda.

rp

«

93.

advena Schiff.

0.

83.

denticulatus Haw.

•

8.

see opima Hbn.

dentina Hufn.

agatliina Dup.

A.

28.

see nana Billb.

63.

albico] on I-Ibn.

H.

91.

depuncta Linn.

A.

27.

albimacula Bkh.

H.

74.

dissimilis Knoch,

alpicola Zett.

A «

29.

see suasa Schiff.

OO «

ashworthii Dbldy.

A.

30.

ditrapezium Schiff.

A.

34.

augur Fabr.

G.

19.

dysodea Schiff.

\

H.

70.

baja Schiff.

A •

32.

exclamationis Linn.

A .

11.

barrettii Dbldy.

H.

79.

bi color at a Kufn.

II .

71.

bicruris Hufn.

H.

76.

festive Schiff.

biren Goeze.

H.

69.

see mendica Fabr.

21 .

bombycina Auct#

fimbriata Schreb.

L.

43.

see biren Goeze.

Had.

69.

flammea Curt.

Mel .

97.

bombycina Hufn.

Pol.

58.

flamrnea Schiff.

Pan.

90.

brassicae Linn.

M.

53.

florida Schmidt.

D.

24.

brunnea Schiff.

.

D.

20.

genistae Bkh.

caesia Schiff.

H.

72

see w-latinum Hufn.

65 •

calcatrippae View.

H.

92.

glareosa Esp.

jr\. ♦

26.

capsincola Schiff.

glauca Hbn.

see bicruris Kufn.

II .

76.

see biren Goeze.

69.

capsophila Dup.

H.

37.

gothica Linn.

0.

81 .

carpophaga Skh.

gracilis Schiff.

C.

89.

see perplexa Schiff.

H.

78.

graminis Linn.

c.

95.

castanea Esp.

A.

31.

cespitis Schiff.
chrysozona Bkh.

T.

94.

hepatica Clerck.

p.

57.

see dysodea Schiff.

H.

70

herb i da Schiff.

cinerea Schiff.

see prasina Schiff.

40.

see denticulatus Haw.

A.

8.

clavigerus Haw.

see clavis Hufn.

A.

7.

incerta Hufn.

0.

36.

clevis Kufn.

A •

7.

instabilis Hon.

0.

86.

c-nigrum Linn.

A.

33.

interjecta Hbn.

T“»

SL 1 9

46.

comes- Hbn.

a.

44.

ipsilon Hufn.

j\ •

12.

ccrnpta Schiff.

u

•

75.

irregularis Hufn.

A •

So.

confusa Hufn.
conspersa Schiff.

H.

73.

see confusa Hufn.

H.

73.

janthina Schiff.

Ej •

42.

conspicillaris Linn.

X.

96.

contigua Schiff.

H .

63 .

coraigera Thunb.

A.

53.

lepida Esp.

corticea Schiff.

see perplexa Schiff.

78.

see clavis Hufn.

A.

7.

leucographa Schiff.

or 9

49.

cruda Schiff.

0.

83.

lucernea Linn.

r*

A •

1 oA .

cucubali Schiff.

lunigera Stephs.

A •

I u ♦

see rivularis Fabr.

H.

77.

cursoria Hufn.

T?

J-l 9

1 .

melanopa Thunb.

.a 0

54.

mendica Fabr.

D.

21 .

miniosa Schiff.

0.

32;

munda Schiff.

0.

87.

myrtilli Linn.

IN

.4 •

52.

Ab err at ional

orm£

I'Joctuidae Vol. L

Index to Species (cont.).

nana Billb .

H.

63.

stabilis Schiff.

nana Pott.

stigmatica Hbn.

see confusa ilufn.

73.

see rhomb oidea Esp.

nebulosa Hufn.

P.

39.

strigula Thunb.

nigricans Linn.

T p

J-J •

2.

see varia de Vill.

nitens Haw.

suasa Schiff.

see bombycina Hufn.

53.

subs e qua Schiff.

see orbona Hufn.

\

obelisca Schiff.

E.

L

< 0

occulta Linn.

TP

»

4l

1 1 0

thalassina Hufn.

oleracea Linn.

D.

61 .

tincta Brahm.

opima Hon.

0.

88.

see hepatica Clerck

orbona Hufn.

E.

43.

triangulum Hufn.

trifolii Hufn.

tritici Linn.

perolexa Schiff.

H.

78

trux Hbn.

persicariae Linn.

M.

36.

typica Linn.

piniperda Panz.

see flammea Schiff.

90.

pisi Linn.

C.

62.

urnbrosa iron.

plecta Linn.

0.

23.

see sexstrigata Haw

popular is Fabr.

see decimalis Poda.

93.

populeti Fabr.

0.

35.

varia de Vill.

porphyrea sensu Edelsten

vestigialis Hufn.

see saucia Hbn.

16.

porphyrea Schiff.

see varia de Vill.

14.

w-latinum Hufn.

praecox Linn.

A.

15.

prasina Schiff.

i-i. •

40.

pro nub a Linn.

N.

47.

xanthographa Schiff.

pulverulenta Esp.

0.

33.

puta ilon.

A.

9.

putris Linn.

A .

39.

pyrophila Schiff.

see simulans Hufn.

17.

ravida Schiff.
reticulata de Vill.

«

13.

see calcatrippae View.

92.

rhomb oidea Esp.

A

-***. •

36.

ripae Hbn.

«

13.

rivularis Fabr.

H.

77-

rubi View.

D.

23.

rubricosa Fabr.

C.

50.

sagittigera Hufn.

P.

60.

saponariae Bkh.

see calcatrippae View.

92.

saucia Hbn.

P.

16.

segetum Schiff.

A.

5.

serena Schiff.

see bicolorata Hufn.

71.

sexstrigata Haw.

A.

38.

simulans Hufn.

H.

17.

sobrina 3sd.

E

-i-j •

43.

spinaciae Vi ew.

see dysodea Scliiff.

0. 84.

36.
-14

i 1 o

TT r s

n. OO •

43.

H. 67.

37.
A . 33 .

rv J.

1/ • O4^ «

E. 3 •

A. 10.
N. 51.

38.

T lit

A. 6.

H. 63.
A. 37.

70

I

/} loot. ■ I ■

p. I.

Euxoa Hbn,

s

cursoria Hufn. aberrational forms etc.

cur soria Hufn. typical form.

Ground colour yellowish-grey to yellowish, often with brov/nish tint, roar king3
distinct.

spec. ?. 3agitta Hbn. Saraml.Sur. Schmett. 1809-13 pi. 130 f.59^.

The figure shows the costa and inner margin bright ochreous,the latter with a
reddish tint. Above the median nervure a long blackish wedge-shaped mark in
which are placed the reniform and orbicular , contrastingly paler. Enis extends
from just before the reniform down to the fine transverse basal line. Below the
median nervure dark brown. A pale transverse 3hade between the dark median area
and the dark margin,the veins whitened.

This is now .regarded as a separate species and not an aberration of cursoria,
see Seitz Suppl. 3 p.242.

ab. sagittata Stgr. Iris ( I896) 1897: 9? p.249.

Eorewings with a lighter (whiter) costal stripe, the stignata mostly lighter
with a dark surround. The forewings with fewer transverse and longitudinal lines
but all sorts of transitions occur.

ab.mulleri Hanel. Int. Ent. Z. 1920 13 p. 185.

On the whole resembling sagittata Stgr.but the inner and outer transverse lines
of the forewing are completely absent.

ab. nigrovittata Hanel. Int. Ent. Z. 1920 13 P. 185.

Ground colour of the forewings yellowish-brown,the area between the inner and
outer transverse lines i3 dark brown. The darkening reaches the inner margin
but the costal area above the subcostal vein is yellowish.

ab. nigrescens Hanel. Int. Ent. Z. I920 13 p. I85.

General colour of the forewings black brown with the exception of a fine pale
yellow surround to the orbicular and reniform, and a pale yellow submarginal
line.

ab.obscura Stgr. Cat.Sd,2. 187I.p. 86.

Forewings almost totally red-brown.

ab. mixta Fabricius. Ent. Syst. 1794 3 pt.2 p. 36 no.9I.

Forewings greyish-white with the transverse markings distinct. .

ab. obsoleta Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892 2 p. 41 & 42.

Neither the transverse lines nor longitudinal markings dev eloped, the stignata
faintly perceptible.

ab. obsoleta-puncta Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1992 2 p. 42.

As the above obsoleta but with the lower part of the reniform represented by a
black spot.

ab. coerulea Tutt. Brit. Npct. 1892 2 p. 40.

Ground colour slate grey , including costa.

ab. costa-coerulea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892 2 p. 40.

Ground colour slate-grey with the costa pale.

ab. pallida Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892 2 p.4I.

Ground colour greyish-white, slightly ochreous ,with longitudinal markings,
ab.ochrea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 199^ 2.p. 41.

Ground colour yellow-ochreou3 with longitudinal markings,
ab.brunnea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892 2 p. 41.

Ground colour brown with a reddish tint with distinct transverse markings,
ab. distincta Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892 2 p. 42.

Ground colour pale as in pallida Tutt but the space between the orbicular and
reniform, a wedge-shaped spot beyond the orbicular , another spot outside the
reniform, the claviform and a longitudinal marking under the base of the median
nervure are deep blackish-brown.

p.2

cursoria Hufn. continued

ab. marginata Tut.. Brit. Noct. 1892 2 p. 43.

Whole of forewings as far as the subterminal line of a deep blackish fuscous,
the outer area beyond the subterminal is ochreous.

ab.puncta Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892 2 p. 41.

Unicolorous greyish-white with markings absent except a dark dot which is the
lower part of the reniform.

ab. cruda. van Wisselingh. Bnt. Ber. (Amst. ) . 1962. 22. p. 141.

Forewings practically without markings, except for the orbicular and reniform,
and the two transverse lines. These lines are dark and contrast strongly with
the ground colour.

ab.fusca Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent.1962.105rP.157i pl.l5f*5 & 6.

Ground colour of the forewings rather dark brownish without any red tint;
markings normal.

Lempke says this is the principal form on the Dutch heaths, but also occurs to
a lesser extent on the dunes along the North Sea coast of Holland.

Noct. 2

P. I.

Euxoa Hbn,

nigricans L. aberrational forms etc.

ab. rubricans Esper.Sur.Schmett.i78B 4 p.395 pi. 130 f.2.

Forewings dark reddish-brown, the markings lighter.

ab.vilis Hubner. Saraml.Eur. Schmett. I809-I3 fig. 511.

Dark r eddish- brown, the stigmata and transverse lines whitish-yellow.

The figure does not look at all like nigricans.

ab. quadrata Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892 2 p.33*

Dark reddish-brown with a dark quadrate spot between the orbicular and reniform.
ab. ochrea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1992 2 p. 33.

Dark reddish-brown with transverse strigae nearly obsolete but the stignata
and transverse shades along the nervures ochreous.

ab. ruris Haworth, Lep, Brit. 1809 p.22I.

Pale reddish with the stignata and transverse lines yellowish.

It would seem doubtful if this belongs to nigricans , Haworth refers to the
figure in Hubner Eur. Schmett Moot. fig. 4Io which looks more like obelisca.

ab. fusco-variegata Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1992 2 p. 34.

Dark reddish-brown with dark quadrate snot between the orbicular and reniform
which are ochreous as are also the transverse shades along the nervures.

ab. obeliscata Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1^09 p.222.

Pale reddish with the 3pace between the orbicular and reniform and also beyond
the orbicular, much darker than the ground tint.

ab. rufa Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892 2 p.33«

Pale reddish with the stigmata and strigae paler.

ab« striata Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892 2 p. 33-.

Palo reddish with -the--s4ig^iata,tranevorao otrigao ami longitudinal dashes- along
the nervures ochreous. See p.

ab. rufo-variegata Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892 2 p.33*

Pale reddish with a darker patch between the stignata which are bright ochreous
together with the longitudinal dashes along the nervures.

ab. pallida Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892 2 p.33*

Ground colour grey with a reddish tinge, the stignata and strigae almost obsolete

ab. flavo-pallida ?utt. Brit. Noct. I892 2 p.33*

Grey with a reddish tinge, the stignata and strigae yellow.

ab. dubia Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1809 p.222.

Blackish fuscous with darker stignata and strigae and conspicuous white line
on outer margin.

nigricans L. typical form.

Brownish black with the stignata paler.

ab. marshallana Westwood. Humphrey & 'Westwood Brit, Moths 1843 p. 122 pi. 24 f . 15.
Blackish brown with yellow strigae and, to a lesser extent , stignata.

ab. ursina Godart. Pap.de France 1824 27I pl.71 f . 3*

Blackish brown with darker transverse lines and stigmata ,the outer border of
reniform whitish. A subterminal line of whitish ooints.

ab. fuliginea Hubner. Samml. Eur. Schmett. 1809“ 13 pi. 131 f. 602.

Smoky black and almost unicolorous,the 3tignata and subterminal line faintly
outlined.

Tutt credits Godart with this form incorrectly.

/7/f¬
ab, fumida Warren. Seitz 1909.3 p. 31.

= fumosa Godart. Pap.de France, 1824 5 p.264 pi. 70 f. 3~4. ( nom.preoc.Fabr. )

Smoky brown with ochreous reniform and yellowish subterminal line.

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Moot. 2. nigricans L. continued.

p.2.

ab. fumosa Fabricius. Ent. Syst. 1794 3 part 2 p. 115 no. 348.

Black, with a subterminal row of white points.

Similar apparently to ursina Godart but forewings much darker.

ab. carbonea Hubner. Sami. Bur. Schmett. 1809“ 13 pi. 151 f. 100.

Hie figure shows the ground colour blackish with the transverse lines and
stignata yellowish, especially the subterminal line.

1844 p.193)

•&>*<>. 1842 3 p.545. (i’aun.Volgo-Uralensis
Dark brown, the markings more or less obsolete.

ab.fumata Warren Seitz 1914 3 p. Jl,

= fumosa Haworth, (nom.preoc. Fab. ) Lee. Brit. 180 9 p.22I.

Black with the upper stignata pale edged.

ab. striata Tutt. Brit. TJoct. 1892 2 p. 33.

= radiata Turner. Ent.Sec. 48. Suppl. Tutt ’s Brit.Woct. 1936 p.(40)

Pale reddish, the claviform and reniform distinctly ochreous. The elbowed and
subterminal lines consisting of ochreous dots, the space between them strongly
sprinkled with ochreous along the nervures giving a streaked aopearance,the
striations extending to the outer margin.

Turner's radiata apoears to be exactly the same —The waved line and outer
marginal line emphasized by light straw dots, each joined to its corresponding
dot by a light horizontal connection along the vein.

ab. subradiata Turner. Ent.Hec.48. Suppl. Tutt' s Brit.N0ct.i936 p. (40)

With medium brown nervures, the stignata outlined with blackish brown, the
orbicular with brown dot in centre. The rest of the wing is of a dirty cream
with a slight brown suffusion near the inner margin base and a band across
the wing. It has a curious radiated appearance.

This appears to be an extreme form of striata Tutt.

ab. junctoides Lempke, Tijds.Ent. 1962.103. p.155*

The orbicular and reniform touch each other.

Lempke usually gives the name "juncta" to this form but states that since
Foltin ha3 used the name for a different form he has had to use "junctoides”.
Acceding to Lempke Foltin1 s juncta is the form in which the stignata are
confluent, forming one stigna,with no boundary at point of juncture. Since it is
not possible to be certain without seeing the type, the description merely
saying”the orbicular and reniform connected" , Lempke 's determination is accented
See Tijdsch. Ent. 105. p.155.

ab. juncta Foltin. Zts.Ost.Ent.Ver.l938.23.p. 125.

The description merely says "the orbicular and reniform connected" , the German
word being "verbunden".

This may mean several different ways of connection. Lempke states that in his
view the form is the one in which the stignata are confluent, with no boundary
line at point of juncture.

ab. semiconfluens Lucas. Ent. Ber. ( Amsterdam) . 1959* 19. p.204.
The orbicular and reniform connected by a double line.

,

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Noct. 3

p. I.

Buxoa Hbn,

tritici L. aberrational forms etc.

ab, eruta Hubner, Sarartl. Bur, Schmett. 1814- TJ pi, 136 f. 623.

Greyish-brown, the markings more or less distinct in a lighter grey, costa not
pale. Gorti in Seitz Suppl, Say3 this is now a separate species,

ab, coerulea Tutt. Brit, Noct, 1892 2 p.45.

Clear slate or dove-colour without pale costa, the markings more or less distinct
ab, obsoleta Tutt, Brit, TToct, 1892 2 p, 45,

Pale slaty- grey, without pale costa, the markings obsolete,
ab.puncta-obsoleta Tutt, Brit, Noct, 1892 2 p.4p.

Pale slaty-grey,without pale costa, the markings obsolete except for the lower
half of the reniform which is blackish,

ab. pallida Tutt, Brit, Noct, 1892 2 p.46.

Greyish-white, without pale costa, the markings more or less distinct,
ab.fusca Tutt, Brit, Noct. 1 892 2 p.46.

Pale greyish-fuscous, without pale costa, the markings distinct,
ab, sordida Haworth, Lep. Brit. 1803 p.222.

Bark greyish-brown,without pale costa, the markings distinct.
ab.pupillatu3 Haworth. Lep, Brit. 1809 p.II8.

Dark greyish-brown, without pale costa, the stigmata 3ubocellate,the median area
pale.

ab. ochracea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1 8 92 2 p.46.

Pale yellowish-ochreous, without pale costa, the markings more or less distinct,
ab.valligera Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1809 p.222.

Reddish-brown, without pale costa, the markings more or less distinct,
ab. cuneigera Stephens. Ill. Haust. 2 p.123.

Reddish brown or dusky a3h,the transverse lines obsolescent but a series of
acute wedge-shaped fuscous spots towards the margin.

This was obviously named to cover all forms with large cuneate spots in the
margin since Stephens himself say3 the colour and markings vary considerably.

ab. hortorum Stephens. Ill. Haust. t&Xty 2 p. 122.

Deep dusky ash, without pale costa, the markings distinct and showing a row of
elongated dusky streaks on the margin as in the prasecing cuneigera. The hind-
wings are fuscous, the body deep fuscous. The darker hindwings and brown
abdomen distinguish it from tritici typical form.

ab.venosa Stephens. Ill, Haust, f&3f. 2 p.123.

Grey brown without pale costa, the markings distinct but without marginal
wedge-shaped streaks. The nervures of the wing are pale griseous-ash.

It would seem by the name that this form was separated because of the pale
veins and not on colour or markings.

ab. nigra Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892 2 p. 47.

Black, without pale costa, the markings more or less distinct.

'*?X

ab. costa-nigra Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1829- 2 p. 47.

Black, with a pale costal streak well developed.

The name does not make sense.

ab, nigro-fusca Bsper. Bur. Schmett. r/88 4 pt.2 p.383 pi. 127 f. 6.

Reddish brown with pale ochreous costa, the longitudinal markings blackish and
distinct. The transverse lines do not show in the figure, the costa is also
shown as unicolorous with the ground,the figure is bad.

tritici L. typical form.

Dark greyish-brown with lighter costa.

.

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Tibet. 3

P.2.

tritici L. continued,

subgothica Haworth, is an .American species. Tutt treated it as a form of tritici
which has been narneck ab. pseudo gothica by Parkinson Curti3,see below.

Tutt.

ab.pseudogothica Parkinson Curti3. Bnt.Hec.i927 39 p. 141. (nom, nov.pro subgotha
= subgothica Tutt. ( nec. Haworth. ) Brit. Noct. I892 2 p. 46.

Pale greyish-fuscous, with pale costa and a dark space between the 3tignata and
no cuneiform spots.

ab. sagittifera^ Stephens. Ill. Haust. I892 2 p. 119.

Greyish-white with pale costa, a long black arrow-shaped line at base and the
■space between the stignata deep fuscous, also a black streak extending from the
clavif orm. On the margin an angulated bale line with a few dusky wedge- shaped
lines.

ab. obsoleta-pallida Tutt. Brit. Moot. 1892 2 p. 46.

Greyish-white, with pale costa and indistinct markings.

ab. costa-coerulea Tutt. Brit. Tibet. 1892 2 p. 45.

Clear slate or dove-colour , with pale costa, the transverse and longitudinal
markings more or less distinct.

ab.minor-coerulea Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892 2 p. 45.

Clear slate or dove-colour, with pale costa, the markings more or less distinct
but very small in size.

ab. costa-obsoleta Tutt. 3rit. Noct. I892 2 p. 45.

pale s 1 aty- grey, with pale costa and transverse markings indistinct,the
longitudinal ones slightly developed

ab. costa-fusca Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892 2 p.46.

Pale greyish-fu3cous,with pale costa and distinct transverse markings.

ab. albilinea Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1809 p.223.

= lineolata Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1809 p.223.

Reddish-brown with white costa and distinct markings, a row of cuneiform spots
on margin.

lineolata is so similar as to be not worth separating, the cuneiform marginal
spots are more developed.

ab.virgata Tutt. Brit, Noct. 1892 2 p. 58,

= fasciata Richardson. Ent.Rec. 1952 64 p.272. pi. XI fig. 23.

A distinct, dark, central band between the complete basal line and the elbowed
line, deep reddish-brown on a reddish-ochreous ground. Tutt refers to the real
ba3al line as the incomplete one, the "complete" one is actually the antemedian.
Richardson’s fasciata is described as having the median areas of the forewing
darkened to form a pronounced band.

ab. juncta Lempke. Tijdschr.Bnt. 1939 82 p.2I7. (description p. 197)

The stignata, orbicular and renif orm, distinctly .joined,

ab. 3eraiconf luens Lempke. Tijdschr.Bnt. 1939 82 p.2I7 (description p. 197 )

The stignata joined together by a double line.

ab.confluens Lempke. Tijdschr.Bnt. 1939 82 p. 2TJ (descsiption p. 197 )

The orbicular and reniform joined, forming one single spot, their boundary absent
at the point of juncture.

ab. ocellina Stephens, (nec. Schiff. ) Ill. Haust. 1829 2 p. 122.

Dusky or rufescent with pale costal streak, abbreviated. The stignata ocellated,
slightly rufescent in the middle with a narrow pale-ashy margin.

ab. obeliscata Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1809 p.222.

See nigricans for this form. Some authors place it under tritici.
obeliscata Wagner. Mitt.Munch.Bnt. Ges. I929 19 P*74.

Almost certainly a subspecies. From Turkestan, 12 June to 20 July, so apparently
taken in series^ therefore not an aberration.

-

-

,

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,

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.

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.

,

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.

.

Noct. 3

p*3*

tritici Linn*, continued.

a b. vino sa Schawerda. Zts.Ost.Ent. Ver. 1930* 15*P*9*

The normal light brawn ground colour covered over with light wine-red, the black
markings normal but weaker.

ab.fumosoldes Gulot. [Oberth. in litt. j Noct.& Geom. (1909-13)l9H*l(l)*P*78;pl.l2,

' f.15.

The figure shows the ground colour unicolorous y ellow-br own , the markings
distinct, and without a. ny trace of a paler costa.

ab.rhabdota Bdelsten. South’s Moths Brit. Isles 1961* New Ed., Ser.l.pl.41,f*7 & 8;

p.128.

Usually larger than the typical form, and the ground colour more ochreous.

Since the plate and its legend are bound into the book before the page bearing
the description, the plate i3 cited first in the reference.

ab. bicolor Lanpke. Tijdschr. Eat. 1962 . 105* p. 133*

The basal and suctnarginal area.3 brown, the central and marginal areas unicolorous
greyish, the subterminal line sharp.

ab. unicolor Lonpke. rijdschr.Ent.l962,105.p.l53> pl.l,f#10.

On the forewings all the markings are absent, with the exception of the orbicular
and renifonn, which are still feebly visible.

ab. xantho staxis Lerapke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1962. lOp.p. 133*

ihe orbicular and renifom pale, without dark centre, sharply contrasting with
the unicolorous forewings.

ab.protensa Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1962. 105 .p* 154.

Tie orbicular lengthened towards the base and touching the anteoiedian line.

ab.lyra HoffVaeyer & Knud sen. Danske Storsommerf ugle. 1932* p. 98 & 3^9? ^ig*

ab.brevipennis Hofftaeyer. Flora og Fauna 1958.64.p.l2»

We have not seen the original; presumably this is the usual ’ ' b r ev ip e m i 3 " - f o rm ,
with the wings shortened and rounded.

• V

O

<*

o C

Noct. 4,

p. I.

Euxoa Hbn.

obelisca Schiff. aberrational form3 eto.

obelisca Schiff. the typical form is dull reddish brown with ochreous costa,
race stephensii Heydemann. Int. Bnt. Z. 1933 27 p.24o.

Ground colour of the forewings blackish- grey, tinged with yellow, the costa
lighter as far as the reniform.

British specimens would appear to belong to this race.

ab.villiersii Guenee. Ann. Soc.Ent. Prance 1837 6 p. 173. pl« 8 f.2.

= villiersii Hbn.-Geyer. Samml.Eur. Schmett.pl. I83 f. 869-870.

This form does not belong to obelisca but to E.temera Hbn. , according to Gorti
in Seitz Suppl.3 p. 28.

ab. ruris Hubner. Samml.Eur. Schmett.pl. 89 f. 416.

= ruris Guenee. Uoctuelles 5 p.292.

Hot an obelisca form but belongs to E.temera group. See Seitz 3 Suppl. p.28.

It would seem almost impossible to olace these old figures correctly in such
a variable group and therefore better not to use the names.

hastifera Donzel. Trans. Ent. Soc. France 1847 p.525

This is now considered a separate species together with - -

ab.carboni3 Warren. Seitz 1914 3 p. 27. which is a form of hastifera and not of
obelisca as stated by its author Warren.

ab. plectoides Guenee. Uoctuelles 3 p.292

Shining violet-brown, resembling plecta. uniform, without any transverse lines
and little trace of the subterminal.

Possibly not obelisca.

ab. ? prat incola Borkhausen. Naturegesch.p. 593. no. 225.

Treated by most authors as a synonym of the type form,not worthy of separartion.
ab. grisea 'Tutt. Brit. Hect. I892 2 p. 31.

Grey ground colour shading imperceptibly into the still paler costa which
therefore does not stand out conspicuously as in dark forms.

ab. juncta Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939 82 p,2I4 (description p. 197)

The orbicular and reniform join but remain distinct.

ab. unicolor Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939 82 p.214.

Forewings unicolorous. All the markings, also the black filling-up of the
middle cell, are absent ,only the orbicular and reniform are weakly ringed
with black ana therefore just visible.

ab.badia Gillmer. Int.Ent. 4. 1910 4 p. 145.

Unicolorous dark red-brown, the costa of the same shade, traces of transverse
lines.

ab. nigrescen3 Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1962. lOp.p.lpl.

Tlie ground colour of the forewings blackish, without any trace of a red tint.

ab.protensa Lempke. Tijdschr. Ant. 1962.105#p«151»

The orbicular lengthened towards the base, and touching the ant (median line.

ab.br evapennis Lempke. Tijdschr. Ant. 1962. lOp.p. lpl,
Fore- and hindwings strongly shortened.

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p. I.

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segetum Schiff. aberrational forms etc.

ab. catenatus Haworth. Leo. Brit. 1803 p. 114.

Pale grey with distinct transverse lines and 3tignata.

ab. monileus Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1803 p.II3.

Pale grey with more or less indistinct suffused mar kings, irrorated and clouded with
black.

segetum Schiff. type form.

Varying shades of dark brown, the markings more or less distinct,
ab. segetis Hubner. Samml. Eur. Schmett. 1800-03 pi. 31 f. 146.

The figure shows the upper half of the forewings dark brown, the lower half pale grey,
the transverse lines very distinct, also a diagonal median shade.

ab. fuscosa Esper. Schmett. Eur. 1786 3 p. 324 pi. 64 f . 4.

Rather pale greyish-brown,the markings more or less distinct.

ab.caliginosa Esper. Schmett. Eur. 1786 3 p.323 pi. 64 f. 3.

Red-brown, the lines somewhat indistinct, stigaata distinct. (See also ab.deiineata Lerapke, on

p.3 of these notes.)

ab.pectinatus Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1803 p. 115.

Pale grey, the claviforra small, the transverse line beyond the reniform double instead
of single.

ab.. spinulus Haworth. Lep. Brit. I8O3 p.IIjj.

Grey, with the postmedian line replaced by a row of pale spots,
ab. connexus Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1803 p. Il6.

Grey, with the reniform and orbicular joined by a double line,
ab. corticcus Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1803 p. Il6.

Grey, with the orbiclar tridentate instead of round and the lines partially obliterated.

ab.venosus Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1803 p. Il6.

Forewings with the veins broadly fuscus.

ab. subatratus Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1803 p. Il6.

Blackish-grey, with arow of pale dots parallel to the margin.

ab. nigricornis Villers. Linn.Ent. I789 2 p.173.

= nigricornutus Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1803 p. II).

The antennae black a3 well as the f orewings , the markings mostly hidden by the black
ground.

ab. anthracitica Alpheraky. Horr.Soc.Bnt.Soss.i9O8 38 p.390.

Forewings completely unicolorous black with the exception of a luteous marginal line.
This must be very similar to subatratus Haw. but much blacker.

ab.paradoxa Cockayne. Ent.Bec. I952 64p.I89.pl. 8 f. I.

The median area between the transverse lines is pale brownish, the basal area and
marginal area blackish.

ab. bilineata Cockayne. Ent. 3ec.I952 64 p. I89.

,.ae ground colour pale, the ante and postmedian lines well marked, the reniform and
faintly marked orbicular are present but all other mar kings, except two fine lines
at the extreme base, are absent.

ab.serainigra Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1952 64 p. I89 pi. 8 f.2.

Forewings with a heavy suffusion of black from the base to the outer border of the
reniform and the costa a3 far as the subterminal line is blackish, the rest of the
wing is pale and normal.

ab.mediocuneata Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1932 64 p. 189 pi. 8 f.3.

Pale ground, the reniform and orbicular pale filled in the centre with blackish-brown,
a streak 01 blackish— brown running from the antemedian to the orbicular, broadening and
filling the space between the stigaata and continuing as a still broader stripe to the
postmedian forming a roughly pear-shaped dark area in which the stigaata stand out
con3picuously,a narrow blackish band along the termen,the transverse lines in'i tinct.
I*3i^ area outside the postmedian is almost clear, the rest of the wing from base to the
postmedian faintly irrorated.

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segetum Schiff. continued.

Noct.5#

p.2.

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ab. semiconfluens Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1952. 64, p. 189.

- semiconfluens Lucas. Eat. Bar. (Amst. ) .1959* 19*P* 204.

The reniform and orbicular are united by a narrow isthmus.

ab.marginata Cockayne. Ent. See. 1952 64 p. 1 90 pi. 8 f. 4.

Porewings blackish as far as the subterminal line, outwards from this it is
pale, with a row of marginal interneural black dots ana a faint shading .just
outside the subterrainal line.

ab. pallida Staudinger. Stett. Ent. Z. 1881 42 p.423.

Wings pale yellowish grey to ash grey, the markings more or less absent,
ab.pallida-obsoleta Dannehl. Ent. Z. 1925 39 p. 135*

Ground colour smooth greyish-yellow,the stignata and outer line completely
absent, but the marginal spots strongly shaded, often forming an irregular
broad submarginal band.

ab. unicolor Pillich, Sov. Lap ok. 1999 l6 p. 187.

Porewings unicolorous, without marking,

ab. albiptera Turati. Atti. Soc. Ital. Sc. Nat. 1921 60 p. 225.fi g.

Male with the hindwings pure silky white, uninterrupted by the usual dark
shading and darkened veins.

Turati say3 the genitalia is different from segetum but hesitates to make
a separate species on the strength of one specimen.

ab.pseudocos Tutati. Atti. Soc. Ital. 3c. Mat. 1924 63 p.6l pi. 3 f . 3»

Pemale,very much resembles A.sicula Oberth. ,the double transverse lines are
well indicated on a uniform brownish- grey ground with no speckling which is
slightly reminiscent of a. cos.

ab.minorata Turati. Atti. Soc. Ital. Sc. Mat. 1924 63 p.6l pi. 3 f. 1-2.

Small form.

Turati’s specimens were taken in May-June,he describes it as a small summer
form.

ab. inf uscofasciata Chalmers -Hunt. Bntom. 1961. 94. p. 281.

Ground colour pale brown; subterrainal paler with darker shading proximally;
marginal area darker than ground,nervures pale. Antemedian bordered distally
by black line from costa to inner margin; po3tmedian bordered by similar black
line from reniform to inner margin. Orbicular and reniform dark centred ’with
intervening space partly filled in with dark scales. Interneural spaces from
antemedian to orbicular and from reniform to postmedian filled with black, the
space between 2 and 3 also filled with black, Claviform same colour as ground;
the proximal and anterior part of the space between I and 2 filled with black
and the rest of the space speckled with black.

The specimen is figured in Eroc. 3. bond. Ent. Mat. Hist. Soc. 1938-39 pi. 2 fig. 3.

ab.juncta Lucas. Ent. Ber. (Anst, ) .1959* 19*P«204.

The orbicular and reniform touching each other.

Lucas gives reference to the figure of the ” juncta"-type of variation by
Lempka at Tijdschr.Ent. 82. p.196.

ab.fuscolinbata Larapke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1962.105*p» 163-

The marginal area of the forewings, (between the submarginal line and the temen)
is blackish, contrasting with the pale ground colour of the wings.

ab.protensa Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 19 62. 105*p*l63*

The orbicular lengthened towards the base and touching the atemeaian line.

ab.nictitans Lempke. Tijdschr.Snt,1962.105.p*l64.

Porewings with the ground colour unicolorously dark, the transverse lines
normal, but the orbicular and reniform with a pale edge, and therefore very

striking.

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A. segetum Schiff . continued

ab. centrifasciata Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1962, 10%p. 164; pl.l,f.7.
Porewings with a thick central ahadow-line.

ab.delineata Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1962.10p.p.l64.

Porewings with the stignata well developed, but the transverse line3 completely
absent or only quite weakly visible. Particularly striking in specimens with
a light ground colour.

Presumably more extreme than ab.caliginosa Bsper, p.l of -these notes. Lerapke
has made an error in translating his original Dutch description into English,
using 11 obsolete" where the original meaning' is "obsolescent11 .

r ■

© ©

Noct. 6

P. I.

Agrotis 0.

A/i^T7-

vestigialis 4o4t. aberrational forms etc

vestigialis Sefet. type form - -

Light grey or whitish brown, markings on the forewings, distinct.

ab. signata Boisduval. Icon. Hist. Lep. 1840 pi. 75*

Light grey or whitish brown, the markings indistinct.

ab. olivacea Hartig. Ent.Sundsch. 1944 41 p. 45 .

Olive ground colour. Whitish only present in the form of a whisp (streak) above
the claviform. A broad olive-coloured patch runs out to the inner and middle
transverse lines, the marginal area, costa and reniform darkened with olive, the
ring spot more whitish.

ab.sagittiferus Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1803 p. 118.

Greyish-fuscous, the markings distinct.

The most usual form in 3ngland,according to Lerapke but Haworth says rare, a
single capture in Norfolk.

ab. trigonalis Esper. Schmett.Eur.i786 3 p.332 pi. 75 f.6.

The figure shows the three stignata well outlined on a grey ground, little
different from the typical form.

Tutt 3ays greyish-fuscous with more or less obsolete markings and Lempke has
apparently copied him.

ab. valligera Borkhausen. Naturgesch.Bur. Schmett. 1792 4p. 551.

Dark brown, the markings distinct.

ab.brunnea-obsoleta Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892 2 p. 18.

Brownish or reddish-brown, with more or less obsolete markings.

ab. nigra-obsoleta Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892 2 p. 18.

Blackish fuscous with more or less obsolete markings.

ab.obsoleta Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892 2 p. 19.

Tutt has already described this form under brunnea-obsoleta and nigra-obsoleta
on the previous page. He says "The markings more or less obscured owing to the
duskiness or increased depth of the ground colour.

ab. nigra Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892 2 p. 18.

Blackish-fuscous, the markings even darker.

ab.lineolata Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892 2 p.20.

The wedge-shaped or cuneiform dashes extend outwards to the margin of the wings

ab. basidistincta Turner. Ent. Pec. 1932 44 p. 130.

The basal oval on the forewings almost pink.

ab. juncta Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939 82 p.225 (described p. 197)

The orbicular and reniform join but remain distinct.

ab. confluens Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939 82 p.225 (described p. 197 )

The orbicular and reniform joined, forming a single spot, their boundary absent
at the point of juncture.

ab.pseudochretieni Heydemann, Int. Ent. Z. I929 22 p. 430 pi. f. 10-12.

The "ring spot" (orbicular) completely absent as in A.chretieni Dum.

ab.violascens Heydemann. Int.Ent. Z9 1929 22 p.430 pi. f. 9.

The marginal and inner marginal and particularly along the costal areas of the
forewing shaded beautiful violet-rose on the pale brown ground.

ab.albidior Petersen. Lep. Faun.Bst land 1902 I p. l66.

Forewings whitish.

ab. cl avis Bsper. Schmett. Eur. 1782 3 p.3^9 pl.63 f.5«

Not worthy of separation, the ground colour appears to be ochreous -brown, the
markings more or less normal.

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vestigialis Hufn. continued

Moot. 6.

p.2.

ab.extersa Slastshevsky. Horae Soc.Snt.3oss. (I9II-I3 ) 1911. 40. (1) .p.71.
Porewings almost unicolorous brownish grey, beyond the outer transverse line
somewhat paler in the middle. The to transverse lines very indistinct, the
subterminal line cocpletely washed-out, and the cuneate spots only visible
due to a slight darkening. The whole of cell lb, between the two transverse
lines very weak, and the position of the orbicular rather more distinctly
darkened, There is no visible trace of the stignata themselves.

ab.pseudovalligera Turner, (nom.nov. pro valligera Hubn.nec Borkh. )

Bfot.Kec. 1936.48. SLcppl.p, (29) •

= valligera. Hlibner. (nec Borkhausen) S£enml.Bur<, Schmett. 1802.pl. 32, f. lpO.
Brownish and reddish-grey forms with distinct markings, and with the basal
half of the forewings brown.

ab. pallida fouler. Sbhmett.Eur. (1901-08)1905. l.p. 164.

Paler, yellowish-coloured forewings and whiter hindwings.

Stated by the author to be a race, but Gorti (Seitz Suppl.p.48) makes it an
aberration; it probably occurs as both.

ab. indistincta Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1932. 64. p. 190.

Porewings very pale and the usual dark markings are replaced by pale brownish-
grey; the body similar.

ab.virgata Gookayne. Ent. Sec . 1932 . 6 4. p . 190; pl.8,f.5»

The space between the ante- and postmedian lines filled -in with blackish- brown
to foim a median band, in which the stignata stand out conspicuously; there is
no white along the median nervure.

ab.nigricosta Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent.l962.103.p.l6l.

Porewings with a broad black costa, but the rest of the ground colour not
darkened.

ab. s auiconf luens Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1932 • 64. p. 190.

= semiconf luens Lucas. Ent. Bar. (imst. ) .1959* 19*P«204.
A narrow union between the orbicular and reniform.

ab. junctoides Lenpke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1962. 103*p. l6l.

The reniform lengthened towards the base, and touching the clavifonn. In trans¬
itional examples the reniform is noticeably lengthened, but it does not reach
the claviform.

ab.postfasciata Hanson. Ent. Tidskr. 1962.83.0.127, fig. 2.

Differs from other forms especially in the hindwings having a distinct blackish
central line and a broad, distally dentated submarginal line.

The forewings are also described, as they are somewhat aberrant, but since the
name implies that this is principally a. hindwing form, it is treated as such in
these notes. See description for forewing characters.

ab.angustipennia Bart.

Described at Seitz 3 Supol., p.48 as having somewhat narrower wings.

. . J :

a

9 os o

Noct. 7

p*i.

Agrotis Ochs.

clavis Hufn.

= corticea Sell iff.

= clavigerus Haw. aberrational foras, etc.

clavis Hufn. typical form — Light grey without dark dusting, transverse lines
more or less distinct, the stignata distinct.

ab. irrorata-pallida Tutt. Brit.Noct. 1892.2.p.6l.

Light grey, but much irrorated with black scales, especially along the costa,
the transverse lines and also the stignata distinct.

ab.virgata-pallida Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2.p.6l.

= paradoxa Laapke. Ti.jd3chr.Ent. 1962. lOp.p. 166; pl.l,f. 8.

Basal and outer areas black, central area containing the stignata^pale whitish-gre;
Lempke was apparently unaware of Tutt ’ s prior name for this rather rare form.

ab.sicerii Freyer. Neuere Beitr. 18^2. 6.p. 101; pi. 544, f. 2.

= obscura Freyer. Neuere Beitr.l8p8.7#p«51; pi. 628, f. 1-2.

=[ ?nigra-virgata Tutt. Brit.Noct. 1892. 2. p.63-4.]

The area, between -the ante- and postmedian lines filled with blackish-brown,
forming a dark median band.

The two forms vary only in their ground colour, s in cerii is pale brown running
into greyish, whilst obscura is dark brown, nigra-virgata, mentioned casually
by Tutt in Brit. Noct. I892 2 p. 63 but not fully desenbed, is sincerii Freyer.

ab . s ubf u s c us Hawo r th. Lep . 3r it . 1 80 3 p • 1 14.

The greyish-fuscous ground thickly covered with dark scaling almost completely
concealing the transverse lines and stignata.

ab. irrorata-fusca Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892 2 p. 6 1.

Fuscous or smolygrey ground, much irrorated ’with black scales, especially the
costal area.

ab. obsoleta-fusca Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892 2 p. 6l.

Fuscous or smoky- grey, the transverse lines more or less obsolete, sometimes
entirely so, the stignata distinct. The wings not irrorated with black scales.

ab. brunnea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p.6l.

Reddish-brown, slightly irrorated with black scales, the transverse lines and
stignata distinct.

ab. suf f usa-brunnea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 6l.

Reddish-brown,much suffused with black scales, the transverse lines and stignata
very indistinct.

ab. brunnea-virgata Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1 892. 2. p. 6l.

Ground colour- black, the extreme outer margin pale brown or bright ochreous.

ah.venosa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2, p. 6 1.

Ground colour black, with paler veins.

ab.transversa Tutt. Brit.Noct. 1892.2. p. 6 1.

Ground colour black, with pale transverse lines.

ab. nigra Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. 6l.

Entirely black, with still more intense stigmata.

ab. obscura Schawerda. Zts.Ost.Ent.Ver.i930.i5 p.9.

Black-brown with the lighter transverse lines completely absent.

ab. pallida Schawerda. Zts.Ost. Ent. Ver. 1930. 13 p. 9.
completely pale brown but not yellow, the markings normal.

ab. orbiculella Sttand. Arch. Naturg. 1915. 81. A, 12. p. 143.

ine ring-spot on the forewing is large, square and open above.

ab. neoccmensis Rougemont. Bull. Soc. Neuchatel. Sci. Nat. 1903. 29.p. 95 pi. I f . 7.

No pattern except the three spots, the claviform almost invisible, the reniform I
well-marked.

ab.obsoleta Keade-Waldo. Entom. 1915. 48. p.225 fig.

The claviform and orbicular stignata almost obsolete.

The figure shows the transverse lines present. I

.

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p.2.

clavi3 Hufn, continued,

ab. costa-irrorata Tutt. Brit, Noct. 1892. 2.p. 62.

Ligjit grey, much irro rated with black scales, the transverse lines and stignata
distinct, the costa intensely black.

ab. strigosa Strand. Arch. Naturv. Christian 1903* 25. no. 9.p. 10.

The two transverse lines of the forewings sharply contrasting or standing
out.

ab. sordida Hubner. Samml. Eur. Schmett. 1800-03* pi. 3^ f. 154,

The figure shows the ground colour greyish-brown,the markings distinct, the
outer margin, from the subterminal, of a darker shade.

This may or may not belong to this species, Tutt includes it in his Brit. Noct.

ab. semiconfluens Lerapke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939 82. p.223. (description p. 197. )

The 3tignata united by a double line.

ab. uniraaculata Maslowscy. Polski Pismo EntJ-923«2,p. I30> pl.2,f.ll.

Forewings showing only the reniform stigna, speckling aosent.

Description from Seitz, original not seen.

ab.juncta van Wisselingh. Ent.Ber, (Arnst. ).1962.22.p,141.
The orbicular and reniform touch each other.

ab.protensa hempke. Tijdschr.Ent.l962.105.p,l66.

His" orbicular lengthened towards the base and touching the antamedian line.

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Noct. 8,

P. I.

Agrotis Ochs

denticulatus Haworth. 1803. aberrational forms etc.

= cinerea Schiff . 1775 (homonym)

= cinerea Hbn. 1800.

denticulatus Haw. Typical form male, forewings grey with two transverse lines
dehticulate black lines, hindwing whitish, the front of the thorax (collar) black.

ab.obscura Hubner. Samml.Eur, Schmett. 1800-03 pi* 33 f. 157 and 490.

= fusca Boisduval. Icon. Hist. Lep. 1834.2. pi. 78 f. 4.

Both of these figures show females with the forewings black-brown or black- grey.

ab. obsoleta Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939. 82. p.225.

The markings of the forewings very we ale or almost completely absent.

ab. pallida Tutt. Brit. Hoot. 1892. 2.p. 76.

Forewings ashy grey, the transverse lines black but less strongly marked than
in typical examples, orbicular absent or very small, re niform distinctj median
shade almost entirely obsolete, subterminal shade pale ined on either side with
a slightly darker shade. Hindwings slightly paler than typical.

ab. virgata Tutt. Brit. Tibet. 1892,2. p. 76.

The broad strongly marked median shade is replaced by a clear, but much narrower
red median shade, forming a central band between the stignata, thus intermediate
between the type and ab. pallida, there is also a dark reddish shade bordering
inner side of the subterminal, tending to develop e into cuneiform spots.

ab.variegata Schawerda. Int.Ent.Z. 1934. 28.p. 4l6 (see fig. Seitz 3 Suppl.pl. 7 A.)
Forewings pure grey, with prominent heavy transverse lines and a broad dark midd¬
le shadow. A similar example is figured in Seitz Suppl. a3 above.

subsp. ? tephrina Staudinger. Cat.I90I.Ed. 3*p. 148,

= eximia Culot. Nbctuelles I909~I3* I.p.69 pi. IT f.4.

Staudinger described examples from the south of England as a race, but from our
series it is not constant. A series from Lewes match his description but other
S. England localities produce a mixture of forms including tephrina. Culot says
eximia is a pale lilac grey form of tephrina and may be different since
Staudinger does not mention colour in his description whereas eximia is striking
1 y lilac tinged,they are probably the same form.

tephrina is smaller, narrower winged, markings distinct, hindwings in the d whitish

ab. ( subsp. ?) aragonensis Schawerda. Int.Ent.Z. 1934* 28.p. 417 pi. “ f* II.

A small narrow winged male, with forewings very dark but more grey-brown than
brown, the markings still just visible.

Schawerda had only one specimen and is not certain as to whether or not it is
an aberration. . It does not seem likely that all males would be so dark so it is
most probably on ab.

The forms livonica Teich. said alpigena Turati are doubtful races occurring on
the Continent.

ab.zeleznyi Skala. Arb.Ent. Abt.Landesmus Brunn. I93&* no* 3*P* ^2*

? albescens Zerny. Eos 1927.3*P»3&3*

Described under A.turatii Standfu3s, which is said to be similar to, but
specifically distinct from, the present species. Lempke, however, at Tijdschr.
Snt.1962. 105. p.158, includes this form under denticulatus Haw., without
stating his reasons. There seems to be no justification for this, but should it
prove later to belong here, it would almost certainly fall as a synonym of
ab. pallida Tutt.

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A. denticulatus Raw., continu 2d

Noct. 8.

p.2.

ab.violescens van Wisselingji. Ent. Ber. (Anist. ). 1962.22.p.l41.

The ground colour of the forewings purplish tinted, otherwise normal.

ab. brunnea Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1962.105*p.l^9»

Tie ground colour of the forewings brown, (see also ab.obscura Hubn,, p.l. )

ab.nigrescens Lucas. Ent. Ber. (Amst. ). 1959* 19*p*204. p.l.)

The ground colour blackish, the markings still darker. (see also ab.obscura Hubn.,

ab. unipuncta Lucas. Ent. Ber. (Amst. ) • 1959* 19«p«204.

All markings obscure except the reniforra, which is well developed, and hence very
prominent.

ab. cruda Luca s. Ent. Ber. ( Arnst. ) . 19P9* 19*p • 204.

The first and second transverse lines are very prominent.

ab.lineata Lucan, Ent. Ber. (Amst. ) .1959* 19»P* 204,

Tie orbicular and renifom connected by a single line.

ab. juncta van Wisselingh. Ent. Ber. (Amst. ) .1962.22.p.l41.
Tie orbicular and reniform touch each other.

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Noct. 9.

p. I.

Agrotis Ochs

puta Hubner. aberrational forms etc.

puta Hbn. typical form 9 The figure is bad, for swings yellowish grey with
prominent markings, the outer margins fulvous with few markings. Apparently found
only in Italy.

subsp. insula .Richardson. Ent. Oaz. 1958. 9.p. 129 pi* 9 I**2.

The race from Scilly Islands. Male, forewing tdileul buff varying by irrorate
-with snuff -brown and drab; median area usually very pale; pr.oximad of antemedian
fascia the anterior half of the wing is densely irrorate with fuscous; antemedian
and postmedian fasciae variable in breadth and a degree of development, black and
contrasting sharply with the pale ground colour. Hindwings white .

Female -Both wings heavily suffused with fuscous; orbicular area on forewing and
distal half of fringes on hindwing alone remaining pale.

ab. radius Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1803 p.II9. = radia Steph. Ill. Haust. 1829. 2. o. 119.
= radiola Stephens. Ill. Haust. 1829. 2. p. 119 pi. 20 f . I.cT

Male- forewings pale fuscous or greyish, with quadrate basal mark, three stignata
the two anterior ones small and streak-like, the outer one kidney shaped. The cost;
al margin here and there dotted with fuscous and paler tints, the outer margin
dark in which there are pale sagitate spots. Hindwings whitish.

The male of radiola Stephens seema little different., also his radia.

ab.lignosa Godart. Pap. France. 1821. 3. p. 241 pi. 67 f •5.8' (f.6 9 see golignosa )

- renitens Hubner. Samml.Eur. Schmett. 1823*24. f. 715 d(f. ~JTJQ, 3ee below)

Male - Little different from the preceding but slightly tinged with reddish
along costa and outer margin. Phe female has been renamed golignosa by Berio.
Female renitens Hbn. shows forewings deep brown except for a lightening around-
the reniform, the chief character, if it is to be relied upon, being the hindwings
which are white with greyish borders. It would seem that the name renitens Hbn.
would best be used for female form with whitish hindwings.

— '• ■ s • * *

9 ab. golignosa Berio Ann. Mus*. Civ. Genova 1935*59. p.77 pi.2 f. l6.
nom.nov.pro 9 lignosa Godart.

According to Berio distinct from the almost black females, the colour being
being more of the tint of "burnt Sienna" . Since the name lignosa apolies to
the male form, Berio considered it necessary to give this unusual form a new
name. It probably does not occur in Britain having been found only in southern
regions of the Continent.

<3 ab.tutti Berio. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935. 59. P. 93 pl*3 **.-!•

Forewings with a median shadow starting at the reniform.On the hindwings the
white cilia are speckled with marginal dots between veins 2 & 7.

Berio says this is the form described by Tutt as radius Haworth but Tutt does
not mention a middle shadow in radius but does so in lignosa, Berio apparently
is also in error.

9 ab. renitens Hubner. Samml.Eur. Schmett. I823~24.pl. 154 f. JT],Q

The female figured by Hubner has whitish hindwings much whiter than normal
and since the male is probably the same as lignosa Godart, the name can be used
for females with light coloured hindwings. Forewings are shown as very dark
brown with a paler area around the reniform.

3 ab. catalaunensis Mil Here. Sev.Mag.Zool. I873. 3^.p. 4.

Ground colour whitish, smudged with purple, the base, costa and cellular space
purplish-brown. Several elongated black spots, one on costa and one in the the
centre of wing starting from the base and reaching as far as the reniform. A
third black spot, elongated, ending at the fringe, crosses the rehiform which is
large, brown in centre and encircled with black. A series of sagitate black spots
project internally. Two other small oblong spots superimposed, one white, the othei
brown, precede the reniform. Hindwings whitish-brown with brown nervures,a series
of brown lunular spots at the edge of the fringe which is entirely white, a faint
dark cellular spot.

Bred from two larvae in Spain. Possibly racial, the ground colour would apoear to
be exceptionally pale.

puta Hubner. aberrational forms , continued.

Noct. 9.

p.2.

ab. nuda Dannehl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 1929. 19» P* I06.

'The ground colour yellowish-white-grey, completely without markings.

ab.amartia Schawerda Verh. zool. -bot-Ges.Wien. I9II. 6l.p. (82)

Forewings strikingly pale brown with a whitish sub terminal line. The brown
colouring is only slightly present in the reniform and at base of costa.

ab. subrubra Dannehl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 1929, 19- p. 106.

Ground colour reddish-brown, markings similar to renitens Hbn. The transverse
lines are absent, the hindwings pure white. Female approaches lignosa Godart but th<
reddish tone predominates. ■>

ab. ? race? erythro^cylea Treitschke. Schmett.Eur. 1826. 5. (3) p.3I*

According to Seitz Supplement not an aberration but a local race in N. Africa, etc,
See page 6 of these notes.

ab. joannisi Dufrane. Mem. Soc.Ent. Belg. 1930. 23. p. 62.

Forewings pale yellow and slightly greenish, the base, especially on costa, lightly
scaled blackish-brown. The normal lines are completely obi iterated, the three
stignata of the same colour as the ground and lightly but distinctly outlined
with blackish-brown; thus the orbicular and claviform are without centres but the
reniform has a blackish-brown centre separated from the outer rim by a ring of
ground colour. Nervures lightly traced in blackish-brown, a agitate blackish-brown
spots followed by paler wedge-shaped streaks between the veins in the outer marg
in, a line of pale brown runs along the outer edge in the fringe. Hindwings vary
white. The aberration is therefore extreme in its paler features.

ab.marianii Berio. Boll. Soc.Ent. It. 1932. 64. p. 146.

Forewings, also thorax, uniform dark mahogany colour on which the lines are hardly
visible at all; in the male only the black basal spot and a few black wedge-
shaped spots on the distal margin remain visible; the black border of the
orbicular is hardly visible. In the female the pattern is hardly more visible
although it can always be discerned, it is not as a whole darker than the male
This must be a very rare form of the male.

ab. andreasi Turati. Atti. 3oc. Sci. Nat. 1924. 63. p. 68.

Belated to ab. catalaunensis but -with whiter ground colour and the markings
more distinct.

Possibly a race, described from N. Africa.

ab. silvestrii Turati. Atti. So c. It. Sci. Nat. 1924. 63. p. 62.pl. 3 f. 13*

Forewings dark coppery-brown largely covered along costa by a blackish suffusior'
which does not reach apex but fills space between the stignata,its termination ^
obscure. Proximal transverse line almost obsolete, the distal one only small black
traces on costa, anobs cure median shade from reniform. Hindwings greyish dusty.

ab. obscura Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892.2.p„ 73 & 75*

Male- forewings dull greyish fuscous as in some females, thus obscuring the
markings. Hindwings not clear white as is generally the case in males but dull
greyish-white.

ab. nigra Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892, 2.p. 73 & 75*

Female - the extreme form of the female with the ground colour black, the
markings intense black, no pale patches but the orbicular outlined in pale,
in some specimens even this pale outline is not present. Hindwings dark grey
with generally, but not always, the base paler.

ab. obscurina Berio. Ann. Mus. Civ, Genova I935*59»P* 93 •

Male- Wings dark grey as normally found in females, but differs from obscura
Tutt in having white hindwin g3.

o

V

S

Noet. 9.

p.3.

puta Hbn. aberrational forme etc. continued

<5 ab. agenjoi Berio. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935. 59. P. 93 pi. 4 f. 31 underside.
Forewings wine-colour the markings dark but not black, orbicular with ochre
ring scarcely lighter than ground colour. Hindwings white -with median shadow
from costa to near anal angle. Underside colouring similar to upperside,but a
thick dark line crosses both wings starting at the costa in front of the
reniform and then curved outwards. On the hindwing this line begins a little
further inwards than it ends on the inner margin of the forewing and continues
towards the anal angle, following the contours of the outer margin.

ab.tr ansfixa Berio. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935*59 p. 94.

Male - Forewings with light ground colour and diffused longitudinal lines on
and between the veins. The chief character is a very conspicuous claviform of a
dark brown which extends without interruption to the base of the wing. The dark
basal spot is indistinct.

ab. debilis Berio. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935.59 P. 94.

Male- Forewings with the ground colour a whitish, yellowish-pink ivory; basal spot
grey; distal field suffused with red. A single, clearly marked postmedian on
the veins which are thinly patterned in brown. Distinguished from radius, renitens
etc. by a more delicate appearance,the apex of forewings more pointed, the
longitudinak contrasting patters absent. In some specimens there is a well
pronounced median shadow starting from the costa and touching and merging with
the reniform, also transitional forms so they are not separated.

ab.toisca Berio. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935.59 P. 92 pi. 3 f. 17*

Male - Ground colour yellowish white straw, with claviform, basal field, reniform
.the cell between the latter and the orbicular and two marks on the termen
all patterned in black. Hindwings completely white, abdomen white. The form is
chiefly defined by its light background and very dark mar kings, by the spot on
vein I and the clear white hindwings.

Possibly occurs only in the N. African races, Holotype from Tripoli.

ab. unica Berio. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova I935*59*p.90 pi. 3 f . 19*

Male - Forewinga etc. light reddish, basal and costal spots, fringes, cuneiform
antemarginal spots, centres of reniform and orbicular and apex of forewings
all burnt sienna,the ante and postmedian lines absent. Border of claviform and
two cuneiform antemarginal spots, (those between veins 4 t 6) black. A continuous
black border enclosing in one ring the reniform and orbicular which are confluent
Hindwings white with fine antemarginal line.

ab. juncta Berio. Ann.Mus. Civ. Genova 1935* 59*P* 9^; pl.3jf.20. (Restricted Lempite^ TijdscM
confluens Lucas. Eht.Ber. (irast. ). i960. 20.p. 229. » * £.nt.i96^.i05.p.l75”6.)

Male - Forewings and costal cell of hindwings uniform brown. Basal, costal, cuneifon
ante and postmedian, the ring of claviform and single ring comprising orbicular
and claviform, all black. Hindwings white slightly speckled brown. Similar to the
preceding form but with duller background so that there is less contrast

between it and the black of the pattern. . The orbicular and reniform are confluen

00 -iri rvpfir-fld-i no* Restricted by Lempke to a markings- only form, at T1 jdschr.Ent . 1962.105, p. 175-6,

<ao x i — Ae>* vvhere he names ab.brunnescens, which also see on j>.6 of these notes.

Berio seems to have mentioned " claviform" instead of renixorm when he says a

single ring encloses them since the figure shows no such character, only the
orbicular and reniform are so enclosed,

Luca 3* s confluens had 11 orbicular and reniform coalescent. •

ab.perfusa Berio Ann.Mus. Civ. Genova I935.59«P.9 0 pl.3 f.23*

Male - Forewings etc. brilliant cream; the markings black. The light surround of
the orbicular merges with that of the reniform so that the two spots appear one.
The figure shows little difference from the two preceding forms except for the
ground colour.

r> c

, .v . • .• ’

Noct. 9,

p. 4.

puta Hbn. aberrational forms eta,

ab. creraea Berio Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935. 59*n. 91*

Male. Head, thorax, f or ewing3 and abdomen, uniformly cream. The following are lightly
defined in black - the double sub-basal, antemedian, frame of claviform, lower edge
of orbicular and reniform which is almost absent, s quare in shape. , postmedian in
the shape of dots on the veins. On the distal margin are two dark spots between
veins I and 2,3 & 7* the centre of reniform also dark, the orbicular ha3 a cream
ring. Hindwings white.

ab. algerina Berio. „ Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935. 59. p. 91 pi. 3 f*. 22.

Male - Median area of forewing ochre-red, basal and distal areas (from postmedian
to the fringes) a deep, fiery yellow. Basal spot, reniform, centre of orbicular
and costa entirely black. Sub-basal not distinguisable and antemedian uniform
and rounded, claviform absent, postmedian indicayed by dots on veins. In the dark
yellow potmedian area the very small cuneiform markings show bet7/een veins T St 2
and 4 & 7* Hindwings clear white.

Type from Algeria in Rothschild Coll. Tring. Possibly confined to N. African race,
but appears. from the figure, to be an aberration.

ab.pheroa Berio Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935. 59.P.92 pi. 3 f*. 18.

Male- Forewings light reddish-ochre (similar to subrubra); transverse bands clearly
marked, the claviform ringed with brown, orbicular not very conspicuous, its contours
being of the same colour as the wing; black basal spot, and the reniform, with its
costal field, are the only dark spots but these are not black but brown,scaled
with Burnt Sienna. Hindwings slightly yellowish white.

ab. umbra Berio Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935. 59«p. 95 pi. 4 f. 35.

Female- Ground colour burnt Sienna. On forewings the double antemedian is well
defined in black and very angular; the postmedian also doubled; a distal spot
between veins 3 & 1 and a median shadow clearly shown between the mar Icings. Margin
of orbicular, interior of ante and postmedian lines and the cuneiform spots on
distal margin are light like the fringes which have a double line of brown.
Hindwings brown with white fringes.

Originally described as lignosa 9 by Berio, who states that he mistook the nature
of lignosa.

ab. tricolor Berio Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935. 59. P. 95

Female - Head, antennae, abdomen, thorax and hindwings milk white. Forewing divided
into three fields, one black which extends to the antemedian which is double and
rounded, one dark grey extending from the antemedian to the postmedian, the last
reddish-black extending to the fringes. Claviform absent, orbicular circled white
and preceded in the direction of the costa by two white streaks, reniform hidden
by ground colour , cuneiform antemarginal spots ochreish and small. The nervules of
the white hindwings are outlined in blackish.

ab. monochroma Berio Ann. Mus. Civ, Genova 1935. 59. p. 9& »

Female - Forewings mo use- grey, except the orbicular , the costal markings, the contour
of the reniform and the marginal cuneiform spots which are light and the basal
region which is black. Black also are the costal markings next to the lig*it ones;
veins outlined in black. The postmedian represented by a break in colour on each
vein while the antemedian is distinct and double, the claviform absent. Hindwings
dirty white in places, the distal area brown.

ab. unif ormis Berio, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova I935*59«p. 9& pi. 4 f. 33*

Female - Forewings uniform brownish-grey,the fringes white. Basal spot of forewing
the antemedian(double and very angular ) , reniform and postmedian( double) are a
darker brownish- grey (not black), The interiors of the ante and postmedian are a
trifle limiter as are also the contours of orbicular and a costal mark. The
cuneiform spots hardly perceptible and a little lighter than the ground colour.
Hindwings with basal area light ochre.

ab.paupera Berio Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935. 59»P» 9& pi. 4 f. 36.

Female- Forevrings ochre-yellow suffused with reddish-brown, basal spots, ante and
postmedian,contours of claviform, orbicular and reniform and veins reddish-brown.
Pre-distal cuneiform spots very conspicuous uniting at their external ends to
form an ochraceous zig-zag distal band extending from apex tp tornus (continued)

.

.

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.

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Noct. 9,

p-5-

puta Hbn. aberrational forms etc. continued

ab.paupera Berio continued from previous page.

This zig-zag band is contained on the one side by the reddi3h-brown with which
the wings are suffused and on the other, the distal side, by the black dots at the
base of the fringes. Hind wings dark brown with ochre fringes separated from the
wing by a light and a dark line.

ab.purolimbata Berio Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935- 59. p. 97 •

Female - Forewings brown, the fringes light ochreish and completely lacking in
pattern, either longitudinal or transverse, which gives the insect the appearance
of possessing forewings bordered by a wide light band. Hindwings ligjit at the
base and slightly darkened on the margins. For the rest similar to renitens Hbn. 9

ab.masculina Berio Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1933-59. P. 97 *

Female - Surprisingly similar to the male of syricola Gorti in it3 general light
appearance, transverse markings and the robust appearance of the wings. The ante-
marginal cuneiform spots are welded together at the tips, forming a white undulat¬
ing line on the reddish distal field. The orbicular is noticeably close to the
reniform at one end. In another specimen from the same locality, these last two
charcters are not present, thus agreeing entirely with the male of syricola Gorti.

ab.transiens Berio Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935- 59- P-97 •

Female - Forewings dark ochre. The sub-basal, the double and distinctly rounded
antemedian between vein I and the internal margin, the contour of the claviform,
the double postmedian,the cuneiform markings between veins 4 & 6 and the marginal
spots in front are brownish-black. Fhe contour of the orbicular and the cuneiform
distal markings are white, fringes light ochreish-yellow with a double band of
brown. Hindwings brown, the base lighter.

ab. extrema Berio Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935- 59- P- 98-

Female - Forewings dark broian. The basal spot, antemedian, contour of the claviform,
and the orbicular, a median shadow which starts very wide from the costa, encloses
the reniform and finishes on the inner margin, the single postraedian and a spot
between veins 5 & 7 on the distal margin are all very dark brown, almost black.
Gontour of the orbicular and the antemarginal cuneiform markings light, the fring®
brown with a single light stripe. Hindwings dark brown, the fringes light.

ab. feratra Berio Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935-59 P. 98.

Female- Like the female ab. nigra Tutt this form is quite black without white
patterns, not even the orbicular is visible, the ground colour is deep coal-black.
'The orbicular however, is outlined by its conspicuous white contour. Hindwings
dark except at the base, the fringes of all wings ochre coloured.

ab.venata Berio Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935- 59- P- 99 pi. 4 f. 37-

Female - Dark forewings and white hindwings. On these the veins 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7 are
well marked in black.

ab.lignosina Berio Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova I935-59-P-99 pi. 4 f. 34.

Identical in colour with female ab. golignosa Berio (=lignosa Godart) merely a
little duller. Hindwings brown, much smaller in size.

Described from Algeria, Type in Rothschild Coll. Tring.

ab. composita Berio Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova I935-59-P-99 pi. 4 f. 38.

Female - Forewings with basal and median areas deep blacky from the postmedian
to the fringes dark fiery chestnut. The ante and postmedian lines are distinctly
marked in uniform black, the orbicular in conspicuous white. Hindwings uniformly
dark with pale fringes.

.

-

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.

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.

.

.

Moot. 9

p. 6.

Agroti3 Ochs.

puta Hbn. aberrational forms etc

ab. erythroxylea Treitschke. Schmett.Eur. 1826.5* (3 ) 31*

Berio in Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova vol.39 p. 80 defines this form as having an ivory
ground colour and entirely lacking the ante and postmedian transverse lines, a tiny
orbicular and without spots. He had one specimen from Sicily so it would appear
to be an aberration and not a subspecies.

ab. erythrosimilis Berio. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1933*39 P.93 pi. 4 f. 2~j.

Similar to erythroxylea Tr. but the ante and postmedian lines are comnletely
visible; lunulate but single.

ab. brunnescens Lanpke. Tijdschr. Ent.1962. lO^.p. 175*

The ground colour of the forewrings brownish.

Hi is is the original description. Lerapke then restricts ab.juncta Berio (see p#3 of
these notes) to a marking 3-*only form, stating ” Berio describes a
with brown ground colour and confluent spots, but with a view to
him it seems more logical to restrict this name to all specimens
confluent spots independent of the ground colour.”

form nunc
the name used by
showing the

ab. junctoid.es Lucas. Ent. Ber. ( Arast. ) . 1960.20.p. 229.
'Hie orbicular and reniform touching each other.

ab. semiconf luens Lanpke. Tijdschr.Bnt. 1962. 105«p* 17&«

The orbicular and reniform connected by a narrow isthmus

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Moot, 10. Agrotis 0ch3.

P.I.

trux Hubner.

subsp. lunigera Stephens.

trux Hubner, The type form does not occur in Britain.

subsp. lunigera .Stephens. 1829.2. p. 113 pl.20 f.3»

Described from Ireland. The form is very distinct from typical trux, occurs chiefly
on S.W. Coast of Engl and, rarely in Scotland.

ab. pallida Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2.p. V),

Pale whitish-grey with a 3laty tinge,tran.sverse lines and stignata as in type,
not irrorated with yellowish. Occurs only in the male.

ab.virgata Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2, p. 13.

Like the preceding pallida but with a dark transverse shade inside of and through
the reniform,and all the outer area of the wing beyond the elbowed line darker
than the ground colour. Occurs in both sexes.

ab. suffusa Tutt. Brit.Noct. 1892.2. p. Ip.

The whole area of the wing dark blackish- grey except the pale orbicular and a
small patch between the reniform and elbowed line which are slightly paler, trans¬
verse lines indi3tinct,claviform and outline of reniform intensely black.
Hindwings of males almost as dark on outer margin as in females. Occurs in both
sexes but very rarely in the male.

ab. nigra Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2.p. 15.

Uhicolorous blackish, orbicular indistinct, transverse lines almost obsolete.
Female form.

ab. rufescens Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 15.
Markings normal but shaded with reddish.

ab.asticta Cockayne. Ent.Sec. 1946. 58. p* 73 pl.X f.I.

Male. The black ring around the orbicular is absent and there is no trace of the
claviform; in other respects normal.

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p. I.

Agroti3 Ochs,
exclaraationis L

aberrational forms etc.

ab. serena Mem. Rom. I889. 5.P. 137

= pallida futt. I892.2.p.65.

Forewings pale whitish grey, somewhat darker in the female.

ab. costata Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 63.

Ground colour grey with distinct reddish costa.

ab.picea Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1809. p.220.

Porewings black grey, markings normal. Female form.

ab. rufescens Tutt. Brit. Moot. 1892.2. p. 63.

Ground colour clear reddish-grey, the markings more or less distinct.

ab. brunnea Tutt. Brit. Woct. I892. 2. p. 65.

Ground colour dark reddish-brown, the markings more or less distinct.

ab.wehrlii Vorbrodt. Schraett. Schweiz. 1914. 2. p. 622.

Remarkable form of picea Haworth which has a 4mm. wide ochre-yellow basal area
and transverse bands on the black-grey ground. Female,

1932. p.127,

ab.ostrogovichi Dioszeghy. Verh. und Mitt, Siebenb. Ver.f . Mature, zu Hermannstadt
Collar black; forewings pale yellowish-grey, claviform small but clear, orbicular
absent. Reniforra fairly clearly defined. 3oth cross-lines absent, but a brown-
grey shade, sharply emphasised, extends from the subterrainal line to the fringes.

ab. unicolor Hubner. Samml.Eur. Schmett. ISO 9_I3 pl.IT/ f . 544.

The figure shows the forewings yell owi s h-br o wn with the orbicular and reniform
finely etched in black but no other markings. Tfo rmally the stigmata are filled
more or less with black, in this figure only the contours are shown. Tutt is quite
wrong in saying the orbicular is absent, it is the claviform which is not shown.

ab. obsoleta Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p, 65.

The three stignata entirely or almost entirely absent.

ab. quadrimacula Wehrli in Vorbrodt. Schmett Schweiz 1914. 2. p, 622.

Forewings with an isolated black spot between the stignata, below the orbicular
making four soots instead of the normal three.

ab.conjuncta Hirschk^ Verh.zool.-bot,Ges.’7ien 1910. 6o.p. 4l6.

From the lower edge of the reniform there is a black-edged streak which runs to
the lower edge of the orbicular v/hich, how ever ,it does not reach.

This presumably means that the claviform is united with the reniform by the streak
since if it does not touch the orbicular it must touch the claviform.

ab. juncta Tutt. Brit. Moot. 1892. 2. p. 63.

The orbicular, reniform and claviform all united, one streak in the place of the
orbicular and reniform, another replacing the claviform.

ab. plaga Stephens Ill. Haust. 1834. 4. p.388.

Greyish-brown with a very obscure palish waved streak near the outer margin, and
on the disc a stout, deep Mack longitudinal dash towards the inner margin and
more than one third of the wing in length; adjoining this towards the apex of the
costa is a second very faint brown dash; ; posterior wings fuscous.

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Agrotis Ochs.
exclamationi3 L.

aberrational foims etc,

tfoot. II.

p.2.

ab. cuspidata Culot. Noct. 1909-Ip. I.p. 10 pi. II f . 8.

The reniform and orbicular remain distinct and separated, but on their outer edge
from the claviform and upwards, short black tooth-like projections travel outwards
towards the outer margin.

ab. lineolatu3 Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 67. Newman’s Brit. Moths. p. 326 fig. I,

Tutt, referring to the figure in Newman, says" the peculiar development consists
in the formation of lineolae running out from the reniform and others taking the
place of the cuneiform spots.

The figure shows the claviform thickened into an oblong share which reaches the
postmedian line; thick lines also stretch out from the reniform and reach the
postmedian,thus filling the central area except for light veins which e lightly
cut up the solid black.

The form is a transition from the preceding cuspidata Culot.

ab.posteli Culot. Noct. I909“I3» I.p. 70 pi. II f. 7«

The figure show the area from the postmedian line to the margin darkened to form
an almost black marginal band, the rest of the wing being dull brownish grey.

ab. invertilinea Le Charles. Amat.Pap. 1926. 3.p.64 pl.2 f.5»(6 in error)

The figure shows the markings distorted, the claviform instead of the normal
horizontal line is in the form of an upright lunula; the orbicular is absent, the
reniform more or less normal but beneath it is another uoright lunular mark facing
in the oposite direction to the claviform mark. This starts on and actually
touches the reniform, curves inwards and then outwards, to form the crescent or
lunular mark. the transverse lines are absent.

This would appear to be a pathological form caused by pressure on the pupa.

ab. dufranei Lamb. Rev. Mens. Soc. Nam. 1907. 7. 'o. 26. ' i

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Arsc-es sfayf/X V'sATk . yA yf

^ci'Kw/ri^ y>yoac/ f cuu A Ayo^o//S/i q)'Jyr , AL fes/<K a 7s o ~

ab. nigrata ALexinschi & Peiu. Bull. Sti. Acad. Repub. Rom. 1953. 5.p. 4-96.

A melanic form in which the orbicular, reniform and claviform stigmata are
enlarged and coloured intense black. The ground colour of the upperside of the
hind wings is a darker ashy grey-violet in both sexes.

This is the original description; although the authors themselves cosider the

form to be a melanic, the description does not bear this out.

ab. nigrescens Schwingenschus s. Mem. 3. Sci. I&t.Marc. 1935. 42.p.32.

Described under tiie s ub sp . nigr iorb is Zerny,

The female (of nigriorbis ) is usually dark red -brown; however, a one has deep
blackish- brown coloured forewings.

ab. csutaki Dioszeghy. Verh. Siebenb.Ver. I\fe.t. 1932. p.127.

For swings yellowish- grey, the claviform and orbicular absent, reniform roundish,
small and black-brown. The basal and outer areas of the wings darker, in tie
latter three fine black-brown dart- shaped marks. Hindwings dirty white, rather
yellowish-grey towards the fringes.

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Noct. 12

p. I.

Agrotis 0ch3

ipsilon Hufn. aberrational fonns etc.

ab. annexa Stephena (nec. Tr. ) Ill.Haust. 1829. 4.p. 117 pi. 22 f.2.

Forewings with abroad costal band of grey-brown from the base reaching the
posterior stigna (reniform) ,the rest of the wing of a deeper brown, the outer
margins rather paler; at the base, dividing as it were, the two shades, is a longitud¬
inal dusky streak and on the outer margin are two or three lineolae of a similar
colour; anterior stigna pale with dusky centre, posterior rather slender also
dusky in centre with pale margin; they are connected together by a broad black
streak, teleform stigna faint and behind the posterior one is an arcuated striga
of pale spots. Hindwings pearly white with the veins and margins slightly
fusees cent.

The main characters in the figure are the black bar linking the orbicular and
reniform, the pale costa and the absence of the normal black tooth projecting
from the reniform.

ab. pallida Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 9.

Porewings with the outer area of a pale whitish colour without the ochreou3 of
typical specimens, for the rest normal.

ab. albescens Clark. Ent. Sec. 1904. Io. p. 167 pi. 8 f . 2,

Head, thorax of an exceedingly pale whitish-grey , the abdomen even more white;
Porewings pale whitish- grey, tinged with pale rufous or reddish-brown. Hind ings
much whiter. The usual pale areas in the typical form, viz. ,.the basal line and
patch at base, the pale patch below the orbicular , the reniform and the outer
transverse band being of the paler tint exhibited by the ground colour; the fringes
of the same tint.

The form would appear to be an albino.

ab. obscura Lenz. Schmett. Sudbayern I9I7« I. (2) .p.249. (Osthelder gives Lena authojii
Darkened to grey-black.

ab.fusca Dannehl. Ent. Z. 1925. 39*P. I35»

The basal and central areas of the forewing dark-dusted so that the markings
become unrecognisable, leaving only a broad light brown outer border.

ab. nigro striata Cockayne. Ent. Pec. I95I» 66. p. 65.pl. 2 f.i.

On the forewing from the upper edge of the claviform a black streak runs
obliquely to the postmedian line.

ab. clara Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939. 82.p.2I9.

Ground colour of the forewings very pale grey-brown. Male form.

ab.rufa Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939* 82,p.2I9.
Ground colour of forewings red-brown. Male form.

ab. obscurata Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939* 82. p. 219.

Male form, the ground colour of the forewings almost as dark brown as in females,
ab.inversa Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939. 82. p. 219.

Female form, the ground colour of forewings greyish-brown, almost as in the normal
males.

ab, striata Lempke, Tijdschr.Ent. 1939* 82. p. 220.

On the forewings the black line on the outer edge of the reniform united with
the black sagitate spot opposite on the margin.

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TToct. 12

p.2.

Agrotia Ochs,
ipsilon Hufn.

aberrational forms etc. continued.

ab. semiconfluens Lempke. Tijdschr. Snt. 1939. 82 p,2h0 (description on p. 197)

On the forewing the reniform and orbicular remain in their normal position
but are .joined by a double line, a single contour enclosing both the stignata.

Moot 13

p. T.

Agrotis Ochs.

ripae Hubner. aberrational forms etc.

ripae Hbn. typical form- Porewings brownish yellowish grey, the costal area lighter
grey, markings more or less distinct.

ab. obsoleta Lemplce. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939* 82. p. 228.

Porewings dark brownish- grey, the markings scarcely visible. .

ab. desillii Pierret. Ann. Soc. Snt. Pr. 1839. p. 95. pi. 8 f. 2.

Ground colour of the forewings pale ochreous with a reddish tinge, the markings
indistinct.

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ab. albicosta Tutt. Brit. Uoct. 1892. 2. p. 68.

Porewings pale ochreous with a reddish tinge as in the preceding desillii but
with the costa white.

ab.brunnea 'Putt. Brit. Noct, 1892. 2.p. 68.
Porewings reddish-brown with distinct markings.

ab.grisea Tutt. Brit. Woct. 1892.2. p. 68.

Porewings dark greyish with a slight slaty tinge. 5 much suffused.

ab.nebulosa .Stephens. Ill. Haust, 1829.2. p. I27.

Porewings pale hoary or whitish grey, the costa slightly clouded with fuscous with
a cloud of the same hue at the base; beyond the renifora is an arcuated submoniliform
striga, beyond which the rest of the wing is deep fuscous with an undulated white
striga composed of approximating wedge-shaped spots; in the margin itself a series
of minute black 3ub triangular dots. Hind wings pure white.

The main feature in the coloured figure i3 the fuscous band just beyond the post¬
median line , followed by the whitish marginal band out by the dark veins.

ab. obotritica Schmidt. Stet t. Ent. Z. 183 8. 19. p. 377*

Very pale form varying from pure white with indistinct markings to partly yellowish
with more or less distinct markings. On the whole there is much more white than
in any of the allied forms.

Schmidt credits Hering with the name obotritica but gives no reference.

ab.weissenbornii Preyer. Neu. Beitr, 1845. 5»p. 139 pi. 466 f. 3.

Ground colour pale yellowish-white, two weakly marked spots and a trace of small
wea k cone-shaped spot, of lines and bands on the forewing there is nothing visible.
Hindwings pure white.

The description does not agree with the figure which shows a very definite ante-
median line. The orbicular and reniform and claviform show merely their black
contours.

ab. signata Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1958. 46. p. 73 pl.X f.2.

Porewing with the ground colour of the median area rale grey with a faint rufous
tinge, that of the marginal area pale grey; the stigmata outlined with brown; the sub¬
marginal line is bordered internally with dark brown. Hindwings whitish with
distinct grey-brown submarginal shading which continues in line with that of the
forewings. This shading on both wings distinguishes it from other forms.

ab. bivirga Lempke. Tijdschr, Ent. 1939. 82. p. 228.

The basal and marginal areas blackish, the median area light

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Noet. 14 Lycophotia Hubner.

p.I.

varia Vill. ** aberrational form3 etc.
= ooncinna Esp.

= piota Fabr.

ab. varia Vill. Dark purplish-red brown. Accepted as the typical form by some authors
There seems to be complete confusion over the various names used by the old authors
other names used for the species given below until some sort of decision is made.

strigula Thnbg.1788 (nanupreoc. )
porphyrea Schiff . 1775*
birivia Schiff. 1775*
porphyrea Hbn. 1800-03.
erioae Haworth. 1809.

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IrA, &VJ. V* i

ab.marmorea Graslin. Ann. 3oc.Ent.Fr. 1862. p. 312 pi. 8 f. 9.

The ground colour greyish. The figure shows a tace of the normal red -brown just
above the inner margin and in the basal half.

ab.ferruginea Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939* 82 p.238. (= strigula Thnbg. )

The ground colour of the forewings red-brown.

Lempke has renamed the red-brown strigula of Thunberg as an aberration leaving
the dark purplish red-brown form as the typical form.

ab. flavescens Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939* 82. p. 238.

Ground colour of the forewings yellowish, the markings distinct.

ab. grisea Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939* 82. p.238.
Ground colour pure grey, without red or brown.

ab, suffusa ‘Putt. Brit. Hoct. 1892. 2. p. 89.

Forewings dark brownish-red, with the white markings almost of the same tint in
the basal and central areas, the outer ones more typical.

From Shetland and possibly confined to these islands, the species usually larger
in size.

ab.nigrescens Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1952. 64. p. 190 pi. 8 f . 6.

Ground colour deep purplish black with the basal ante and postmedian lines pale
purplish; subterminal line reduced to a row of small dots very little paler than
the ground colour; orbicular ab s ent, reniform white and conspicuous. Hindwings dark
brown, paler towards base.

ab. reducta Lempke. Tijdschr, Ent. 1939* 82p. 238.

The orbicular stigna absent.

ab. juncta Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939* 82. p. 238. (described p. 197* )
The orbicular and reniform touch each other.

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Actebia Stephens.

praecox Linn, aberrational forms etc

ab. signata-deleta Turner. Ent. Hec. 1937* 49 p. (119) Sep. (from Barrett pi. 134 f.2b)
The usual markings practically absent 30 that the ground colour is of a nearly
uniform green.

Turner names this figure in Barrett which appears to be an albino,
ab.praeceps Hubner. Samml.Eur. 3chraett.pl. 15 f. 70.

"Most probably a synonym of the type but many authors describe the figure as
"bluish- green ".In the Tring Museum copy of Hubner it is more of a yellowish
green and obviously meant to represent typical praecox.

ab. f lavomaculata Graeser. Berl.Ent. Z. 1888. p.3^3*

Ground colour not so pale as typical but more bluish and darker; the stignata
are unicolorous intensive ochre-yellow and stand out much sharper from the bluish
ground. Hindwings much darker than typical, unicolorous black-grey.

Noct. I £,

p. I.

Peridroma Hbn.

saucia Hubner. aberrational forms etc.

ab.margaritosa Haworth. Lap. Brit. 1309 p. 218.

Forewings grey with ashy clouds, three ordinary stignata 3ub-obliterated,the apical
spot paler. Hindwings smoky white with a violet tinge, veins and outer margin
particularly the anal angle verging on fuscous.

By the description thi3 does not seem to be the common form most often labelled
margaritosa,grey forms are not common most of our English examoles being much
more of a brown tinge.

saucia Hbn. typical form - The figure in Hubner pi. 81 f.378 shows the forewing3
dark brownish grey, the costal margin broadly vinous-red ,the outer margins paler.

ab.majuscula Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1809. p. 218.

Wings greyish fuscous or pitchy black, three stigmata sub- obliterated. Hindwings
smoky white, veins and hindmargin,particularly the anal angle, tending towards
black.

ab.brunnea Tutt. Brit.Noct. 1392. 2. p. 5.

Forewings bright brownish-ochreous, markings clear.

ab.rufa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 5.

Forewings vinous-red, the tint covering the whole of the wings.

ab. ae qua Hubner. Saraml. Sur. Schmett. I809“I3*pl« 122 f.564.

The figure shows the forewings yellow-brown on the costal area and postmedian
area, and the basal, central and extreme outer margin clouded ’with brownish tinged
with red. Hindwings whitish darkened towards margins.

ab. ochrea-costa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. p.

Forewings blackish-grey with a pale shade along the costa, standing out strongly
against the darker colour of the inner marginal area.

ab.nigrocosta Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2, n. 3.

= philippsi Caspari. Jahrb, Nassau I899» 52.p. I99pl. 4 f. 14,15.

Forewings greyish-fuscous sometimes tinged reddish or ochreous,with a broad black
shade along the whole of the costal area, sometimes extending far enough down the
wing as to enclose the stigmata.

= nigrocosta Gelin. Gat. Lep. 1 ’Quest Fr. T9I2 p. 97*

ab. fuscobrunnea otrand. Arch. Naturg. 1915. 81. A 12. p. I4o.

Forewings dark bro wn with the costal area, orbicular and subterminal area and an
apical patch grey.

ab.decolor Hebei. Rov.Lap. I9l6.23.p. 108.

Forewings reddish-grey and marking!, ess, Hindwings brown with grey veins.

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Aramogrotis

lucernea Linn, aberrational forms etc.

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suhniL-renigera Stephens. Ill. , Haust. 1829.2. p. 129.

TIIFPJiae^f rmn^ootiaa^nd 1. England. y ^ *

itigtnata'^sr^ircely. visible, the
very de.©p fuscGaiis^black ,

Fo r ev/ ings ,--s'hin in g gris eous or brownish-black , the,
transverse/ line's paler .but obscure; the clutep mart
Hindwings Qlbep fuscWs-ashjor t>lackish,'&hb base

tlier nale]

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AfiAm-erh. //Aa

y*jt£/s tfat'sA.*gfJf-.£ **/• /V /

ab.batdleuca Boisduval. Ann. 3oc.3nt.Fr. 1833. 2*p. 377 pi. 14 f. 2.

Forewings with a distinct middle shadow which Is said to be lacking in the type.
Thfci form occurs quite commonly in Britain but may be racial on the Continent.

? ab.melanophila Sehawerda. Zts.Oest.Ent.Yer. 1933- 18. p. JO,

Forewings with grey ground,not ochre-yellow, wholly darkened, with a -vide blackish
outer area. Of the same colour are the central transverse band and the reniform.
Hindwings blackish darkened, the fringes whitish.

In Seitz Suppl, these are removed to another species ,Hhyadia insuliaola Tur&tl.

? ab. pallida Sehawerda. Zts.Oest. Ent.Ver. 1933. I8.p. 70.

Two males wholly pale yellowish-grey colour. Only the praemarginal narrow band and
central band are somewhat darker. Hindwings also much lighter.

In Seitz Suppl. removed to the species Hhyacia insulicola Turati.

ab.kerrensis Kane. Sntom. 1895. 28. p. 200.

Bluish black, generally almost or entirely unicolorous , but sometimes the waved
transverse strigae are slightly marked in paler tone
A local form found on the extreme western headlands of Kerry, Ireland.

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Moot. 17

P. I.

Khyacia Hbn.

3imulans Hufn. aberrational forra3 eta.
= pyrophila Schiff.

~c-,yror..;--i.la To:i.

ab. suff usa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. 80.

= obscurata Staudinger. Gat. Ed. 3. 1901. p. 143.

Porewings of a dark blackish colour with fairly distinct lines and stignata
presenting a very complete melardc appearance when compared with the type.
Hindwings dark grey.

ab. latens Stephens. Ill. Haust. 182 9. 2. p. 129.

Porewings glossy ashy black, the lines obsolescent , outer area darker with an
obscure pale denticulated striga towards the margin, the margin itself immaculate.
Stigmata very obscure with a dark quadrate spot between them. Hindwings obscure
cinereous.

Most specimens from Scotland agree with this description.

ab.pyrophila Hubner. Samml.Bur. Schmett. 1800-Op. pi. 9 f. 43.

The coloured figure in Hubner shows the forewings of a deep ochreous with a sligh
brownish tinge, the markings distinct.

The form is treated as an aberration by most authors 3ince Hufnagel’s type form
is light greyish-brown. If one can accept the colour of these old figures as true
this may be correct since our Portland specimens agree with Hubner 's pyrophila
whilst specimens caught at Tring are much less ochreous in tone.

.1.-

-

Noct. 18.

P. T.

Sp&elotis Bsd.

aberrational forms etc.

r avid a Schiff.

= ravida Hubnar.

ravida Schiff. the type form is said to have the space between the stignata
filled with black, the forewings grey- brown the costa reddish.

ab.obscura Brahms Insektehkal 1790. 1.?. 191.

Ground colour of the forewings gr ey-b r own , th e costa reddish.

ab. obducta Esper. Eur. Schmett. 1789.4 pt. 2. p.4-52 pi, 142 f . 4,

Mahy authors seem to have missed the chief character of this form, not mentioning
the pale lines which are so stressed in the figure. Lerapke merely says" Complete
grey-brown without the reddish costa." Esper heads his description "obducta -
Brownish, light grey spotted and lined night-moth." and proceeds to give the
description proper, with which his figure agrees, as follows in latin - -
Wings fusees cent, the basal spots, the stigmata, and the outer extensive double
stripes, pale.

If this form really belongs to ravida it is greyish-brown with the transverse lines
etc well outlines in pale yellowish.

ab. austera Esper. Eur. Schmett. 1789.4. pt. 2 p. 4^2 pi. 142 f.p.

Esper says the wings dark brown, a black triangular spot from the base to beyond
the middle of the wing, in the middle of this there is the orbicular and at the
end the reniform,the stigmata pale.

Tvfany authors describe this form a3 reddish but Esper does not mention the tint.
It would appear to be dark brown with no visible trnsverse lines except a lower
spot of the antemedian. the space between the stignata filled with black

ab. bigramma Esper. Eur. Schmett. 17 89. 4. pt. 2 p. 490 pi. I^O f.2.

Wings greyish-brown,the stignata small and pale, the space between them filled
with black, this black also extending inwards beyond the orbicular towards the
base; the outer transverse line pale.

ab. crassa Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1809 p,220.

Wings fuscous ,with shining, more or less cloudy, black. Base of forewing with a
black line, or blacky other irregular markings between and around the ordinary
stignata obsolete, third stigna imperfect or sometimes completely obliterated; often
with the very obscure pale ordinary strigae of many noctuids more or less fuscous,
the marginal one pale in contrast to the fuscous. Hindwings white with smoky veins
and hindmargins.

Thi3 would seem to be a synonym of obsoura Br alias. but is teated as an aberration
by many authors. It can be separated by the apparent absence of the red tint on
the costa since this is not mentined in the description.

ab. stiff usa Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892 2.p,82.

Unicolorou3 greyish-black or blackish fuscous with a short longitudinal streak
under the base of the median nervure,the ordinary transverse lines and stignata
very indistinct and almost unicolorous with the rest of the wing. Hindwings rather
darker than in other forms.

ab. rufa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. 62,

Heddish-brown, The whole of the ground colour of thi3 tint the transverse lines
fuscous the stignata pale usually lines with black at their lower extremities; the
subterrainal line paler than the ground colour,

Tutt says this is the ravida of Hubner f, 600(not 126) but this figure in our copy
of Hubner does not agree at all with Tutts rufa, being of a dark brown

ab, semiconfluens Cockayne, Ent.Sec. I952.64.-o. 129,
The orbicular and reniform stignata are united.

,'i{

'

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J’CJv

T 'i

,ei

Noct. 18.

p.2.

Spaelotis Bsd.
ravida Schiff. continuad.

Nbct. 19.

P. I.

Graphiphora 0.

augur P. aberrational forms etc.

ab. hippophaes Hubner. Samml.Eur. Schmett. I828~32.pl. 166 f. 782-3.

The figure shows the wings greyish-brown, the markings well pronounced.

augur Fab. typical form — most authors agree that this is reddish-brown or brown.

ab. omega Esper. Eur. Schmett. 1788. 4*398 pl.131 f.2.

Esper says the ground colour is brownish light grey, his figure does not agree,
it is rather dark reddish-brown, his latin decription says reddish-grey. It would
appear to be a synonym of the typical form,possibly sli^itly paler/

ab. assimulans Borkhausen. Naturg. 1792. 4. p. 209.

Forewings yellowish-grey,glossy. ; the markings more or less normal.

ab. nigra Vorbrodt, Schmatt. Schweiz. I9II. I. p. 248.
Quite dark, almost blackish.

ab. helvetina Knaggs. Ent. Mon. Mag. I872. 8. p. 182.

Very pale brown ground colour) the markings , with the exception of a faint indicat¬
ion of the reniform,are virtually absent; the wings have a pec tiller silky or
satiny texture and lustre. Hindwings silky fuscous whitish with a barely discern¬
ible lunule.

We have the types in the British Museum (B.-C.-K. Coll. ) and both are albinos,
ab. conjuncta Schille. Polsk. Pisrao. Ent. 1924. 3. p. 7.

A black longitudinal streak extends from the reniform stigma to the outer transvers
line.

bivirga Geton. Ent. Ber,I935.9.p. 192.

7ne discal area of the forewing between the two transverse lines is very much
lighter in depth of colour, so that it gives an entirely appearance from the
typical form.

ab. junota Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939. 82. p. 235 (description p. 197 )
The orbicular and reniform are joined.

ab.abdita Joann. Bull. Soc.Ent.pr. I89I.-q.8I.

Turner in his Brit. Moot. ( Suppl.Ent. Sec. 1938 50.p. (145) & (146)) gives this form
both as an aberration and a subsp. ,with the description which does not seem to
be of an augur iorm,the hindwings being whitish and a little smoky on the margin,
the nervure3 distinct,

Seitz gives no abdita Joann. , only abdita 3tgr (nec. Joann. )

.

*d;

,

• •

-

3 -o «

,*

,

_

Noct.20

P. I.

Diarsia Hbn,

aberrational forms etc.

brunnea Schiff.

ab.lucifera Esper. Eur. Schmett. 1789. 4.p. 453* pi* 142 f.6.

Forewings rufous clouded with violet especially towards the outer margin; stignata
pale yellow, a black spot between the reniform and orbiculap, three dark bands
traverse the wings leaving a fascia of yellow spots towards the outer margin.

The chief character would seem to be the yellow transverse fascia just beyond
the reniform.

ab. nigricans Lampa. Ent. Tidskr. 1885. 6. p. 53*
Blackish. This probably means purplish-black.

ab.rufa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2.p. 113.

The red colour spread all over thw wings, they are bright red with the stigmata
yellowish,but the black quadrate spot between the stignata is often no darker
than the rest of the wing.

ab. stiff us aa c Strand, Arch, og, TTat, T903. 25*p. 10.

Forewings of a paler grey-brown and the fringes a less brovmish colour, the violet
suffusion so distinct in typical specimens is only slightly indicated or the
costa and on the basal half; the stignata less emphasised one sees only a slight
black ring in their place. . Hindwings rather pale.

ab. norvegicola Strand. Arch. Naturg. 1915* 81 A 12. p. 146.

Forewings brownish-grey tinged with olive without the rufous and purple tinge.
Described as an aberration, possibly racial in Scandinavia.

.

■

.

. . .;v.. :e >

« ui f:. "edS bs:

*

Noct. 21

P.I

Diarsia Hbn,

raendica Fabricius. Slyst.Ent. 1775 p. 6ll.
= festiva auct.

mendioa Fabricius, typical form - - Following the arrangement of Tams and Fletcher
in the new "South", the type form is now mendica F. ,the description of which is -
Forewings pale flesh-coloured with several fuscous 3triae; in the middle of the
wing a large fuscous spot and in this the ordinary stignata are very yellow. The
hindwings yellowish with a fuscous stripe.

This is charcterised by the space between the stigmata being filled with dark,
ab. primulas. Esper, Fur. Ochnett. 1788. 4.p. 428 pi. 136 f . 5.

The ground colour greyish-yellow,the stigmata whitish, a triangular blackish spot
between them, other markings not distinct.

ab. f estiva Schif'f . Verz. Anh. 1775. P. 314.

= festiva Hubner. Samml. Fur. Schmett. 1800-03 pi. 24 f . 1 14.

Presuming that Hubner* s form is the same as Schif f . the description is given of
Hubner *s figure - Forewings with the basal half rather pale greyish with distinct
markings, the outer half reddish with varying transverse shades; a dark spot betweer
the stigmata.

ab. congener Hubner, (turbida in error on pi.) Sajml. Sur, Schmett. I8I4-I7 pi. 135 f„&8
”, turbida Hubner. Samml. Eur. Schmett. 18 14-17 pi. 135 f. 617. ( turbida is a Leucanid)
The figure shows the forewings bright yellowish-ochre with a prominent middle-
shadow of reddi3h-ohestnut,the lower part darker chestnut. The transverse lines
and other markings fine but distinct.

Many authors, including Cockayne give the name congener to this figure 617 of
Hubner instead of turbida. Hubners name congener is given to f.6l8 which is a
form of L. comma . 'Putt say3 it is turbida in error but gives no reason. Leraoke
calls, it as Hubner does, turbida. The reason for this is that Hubner had already
named turbida on pi. 47 fig. 228 and it seem3 obvious that the fig, 618 called on
the plate congener is in fact turbida (a darker form) , therefore the names of

figs. 617 and 6l8,are in error , switched about, 0I7 being congener and 618 being
turbida.

ab. subruf a Haworth. Lep. Brit, 1809. P. 227.

Forewings red or reddish-purple, the ordinary stripes and spots paler and indist¬
inct. Heniform stigma close to the oblong fuscous spots, the outer one in its
unper part yellowish atherwise as in festiva.

ab. pseudoconflua By. -Salz. (nom. nov.pro. conflua H. -Sch.nec. Tr. )3nt. Sec. 1939. 5^*Ji30.
- conflua H. -Sch.nec. Tr. Syst.Bearb.IS^I ? p. 358.

Bright ochreous and reddish-brown mixture, the colour not approaching violet red
but is more yellow-brown. Between the two basal lines is a black dot, of the
claviform only the black dot at the end is visible.

ab. ruf o-virgata Tutt, Brit. Noct. I892. 2, p. 120.

Ground colour deep reddish-ochreous mottled with darker red but with the basal
area paler ochreous and also the extremeouter margin beyond the subterminal line,
the area between the central transverse shade and subterminal being darker red
forming a sort of transverse band. s./n>/' 4s/W c?w s'**

ab. ignicola Herrich-Schaffer, Syst.Bearb.I850 ? 2. pi. 88 f. 455»

The figure shows the forewings dull ochreous with the transverse lines distinct.
The base brown, also the middle "shadow and a transverse band just before the
outer margin. No quadrate spot between the stigmata, only the continuation of the
middle shadow.

ab. ochrea-virgata Tutt. Brit, Noct. 1 892. 2.p. 120,

Pale yellow or whitish-ochreous with the basal area pale, the central shade well
developed, the area from this to the subterminal line filled in with dark reddish
through, which passes the elbowed line and in which stands the pale orbicular.

. . ' o< '*

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Noct. 21.

P.2.

mendica (f estiva) aberrational forms etc

ab. roseovirgata Cockayne, Ent. Sec. 1952. 64 p. 12 9 pi. 5 -.1.

Ground colour greyish-ochreous with few markings; a conspicuous transverse hand,
greyish-lilac , with a tinge of pink, between the outer of the two blackish lines
bounding the median area and the pale line external to the subterminal.

The type is in the R. -C. -K. coll. Brit.Mus. , the description is somewhat misleading
the "pale line" is not external to the subterminal, the area between the postmed¬
ian and the pale line is filled in with lilac and forms a transverse band.

ab. grisea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 122,

Forewings almost unicolorous dark greyish, slightly glaucous, with a slight reddish
tint, a most ill-developed or obsolete median shade, orbicular grey,reniform
ochreous,a slightly darker transverse shade between the elbowed line and the
sub terminal.

ab.coerulea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2.p. 122.

Forewings of a clear slaty or lilac colour; the stigmata paler but without
quadrate spots.

ab. quadrata Tutt. Brit, Noct. 1892. 2.p. 122.

Forewings clear slaty or lilac a3 in the preceding but with the space between the
stigmata filled in with a dark quadrate spot and another inside the orbicular.

ab. fuscolimbata Cockayne. Ent.Rec. 1952. 64 n. I29.nl, 5 f.2e

Ground colour of the forewings pale brownisbwochreous dusted with black scales
from the external of the .two, lines bounding the median area, to the termen; the
normal markings visible; there is also slight dusting with blackish scales between
the basal and antemedian lines.

ab. nigrobasalis Cockayne. Ent. Sec. I952. 64.p. 129 pi. 5 f.3*

On the forewing, between the basal and antemedian lines , powdered with black scales
and the upper half of the lines themselves is thick and black.

ab.unixormis Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939® 82. P. 242. (lamentanda Warren nec. Alpheraky )
Forewings light unicolorous ochre-yellow with very weak markings.

ab.fasciata Hannemann. Int. Ent.Z. 1917. XI.p. 105.

The hindwings with a sharply defined ligjrt postdiscal band.

ab.havana Sibille. Lamb. I927.27.P. 74«

The colour "havana" with the submar ginal band more dark.

ab.fibulata Dahl. Ent. Tid3kr. 1930. 5I« P.25I pi. I of Dahl f. 2.

This separates itself from the other described forms in that the dark outer
border is absent. From the base of the forewing there proceeds an obscure red
streak towards the lower portion of the area near the anal angLe of the wing,

ab.disparata Draudt. Seitz I933» 3 Suppl. p. 76. pi. II f. row G.

"Looks almost like a brunnea by its dark violet ground colour with still darker
patch between the stigmata, and its bright yellow-red anal tuft."

The figure does not look like festiva, described from Lapland.

ab. carlilei Brandt. Snt. Z. 1934. 47. p. 148. fig.

Ground colour similar to the type form but the brown scaling is wanting, thus the
whole ground colour is lighter. The postmedian at the costa runs the wrong way,
cutting through the reniform( instead of round it), the subterminal is dark-shaded
on its inner side and this dark shadow is broken through by pale radial streaks
of ground colour, thus a quite different appearance is given, on the fold between
the stigmata there are black streaks.

, .

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"(Moot. 21

p. 3-

mendica F. (festival aberrational forms etc.

ab. cingulata Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1946. 58 p. 73 pi. X f . 4.

Ground colour pale yellowish-grey; a broad blackish band due to a thick sprinkling
of black scales runs across the middle of the wing extending from the external
border of the orbicular to the postmedian line; the submarginal line is present
but faint.

ab.mediorotundata Boldt. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939* 82. p.242.

The median shadow line goes from the co3ta along the external border of the
orbicular forming a semi-circle to the inner margin.

ab.conjuncta By.-Salz. Ent. See. 1939. 31* P. 31*

= semiconfluens Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939*82 p.242. (description p. 197)

The orbicular and reniform broadly conjoined at the base.

Lempke' a form has the stigmata united by a double line. Cockayne makes it a synonym.

ab. transversa By.-Salz. Ent. Sec. 1939* 82. p. pi.

Ground colour reddish or whitish ochreous,nor dark quadrate spots present. Two very
large transverse shades across the forewing, one middle shade between the orbicular
and reniform and another outside the postmedian line.

ab. dannehli Corti & Draudt. Seitz 1933*3 Suppl.p. 75 (corrected p. 2p0) pi. 24 row i.
Described first as a species but demoted to an aberration of festiva by Draudt.
Single male, looking like an enormous very wide-winged dahlii,of pue ochreou3
yellow colour and with very striking grey-black central band. The other markings
are only faint, but the dot in the claviform is distinct. Hindwings pale blackish
with yellowish fringes and blackish marginal streaks.

,

» .<

■

'

,

.

Noot.21

p. 4.

raenclica F. (festival

sub3p. orkneyensis By* -Salz. and aberrational forms

subsp. orkneyensis By. -Salz. Ent. Rec. I939*5T«P. 31.

Ground colour a very rich Prussian red to cameo-brown. The transverse lines slightly
lighter, the submarginal line rather strongly contrasted ochreo us. Renif orm very
distinct , light ochraceous buff, also the orbicular circled with the same colour.
Darker spots before and behind the orbicular. A small black dot at the end of the
claviform. Hindwings as in f estiva, sometimes a rather distinct light postmedial
line present. Tip of the abdomen in the cT rufous.

The race from Orkney Islands.

subsp. orkneyensis ab. depicta By. -Salz. Snt. Rec. 1939. 51. P« 3^»

As in the preceding orkneyensis but the transverse lines obsolete, maculae of
the ground colour , quadrate spots absent.

subsp. conflua Treitschke.

The subspecies from Iceland according to 3ytinski-Salz and not occurring in
Britain.

subsp. borealis Zett.

'This is the subspecies from Northern Scandinavia with its f. diducta Zett. and does
not apply to British specimens.

subsp. thulei Staudinger. Iris 1891. 4. p.266.

The subspecies from Shetland,

Staudinger says '’Far darker than festiva and also the Alpine and Northern var.
conflua Tr. Forewings dark chestnut-brown to black-brown, the lighter transverse a.
markings becoming weak in the outer part; the two upper stigaata are, for the most
part, somewhat lighter and sometimes separated by a deep black snot; a scond smaller
snot stands before the orbicular. Hindwings also far darker grey-black than in
festiva and conflua. Smaller than typical festiva and larger than most conflua.

The following aberrations are described under the subsp. thulei otgr.
ab.primuloides By. -Salz. Snt. Rec. 1939. 31. P* 33*

Ground colour yellow-ochreous but with a dull shade as in primulae Esp. Designs less
conspicuous and not so reddish; spots before and behind the orbicular black. This
form may be considered a very light thulei Stgr. Unst.

ab. rufobsoleta By. -Salz. Bnt. Rec. 1939. Pl.p. 33»

Bright red chestnut-brown; base, middle 3hade and marginal area sometimes darker. In
most specimens lighter transverse lines present; renif orm of the same colour as the
ground, rarely somewhat lighter. Shetlands.

ab. hethlandica By. -Salz. Ent. Rec. 1939. 5^*P. 33»

'Buis is the same form as the preceding but with dark marks before and i behind the
orbicular* The renif orm and sometimes also the orbicular are often lighter than

the ground colour.

.

-

.

- , o

0

. , V

.1- -

Npct.21.

p.5.

mendioa F. (festival

subsp. thulei Stgr. aberrational forms .

ab. obsoleta Tutt. Brit. TIoct. I892.2.p. 123.

Like borealis the greyish brown form of conflua but somewhat paler in ground
colour and without the dark quadrate spot between the stigmata, the latter still
paler than the ground, the transverse lines as in borealis.

Tutt took borealis for the Shetland subspecies, it therefore is an ab. of thulei.
ab.maculata By. -Salz. Bnt.Kec. I939.5I.P.34*

As in thulei Stgr. but the orbicular surrounded with light ochraceous and the
reniform entirely ochreous. Submarginal line in the 0" obsolete, in the 9 rather
distinct. Shetlands.

ab. glabrina By. - Salz. Ent. Pec. 1939. 5*. b. 34.

The most beautiful form of all. Ground colour as in thulei Stgr. , basal line, ante
and postmedial lines light ochreous, very distinct. Submarginal line and marginal
area ochreous with dark longitudinal streaks along the veins, the fringes dark.
Reniform and orbicular light ochreous the latter with darker centre, the end of the
claviform distinct bl ack. Resemble s somewhat C.vaccinii ab. glabroides Fuchs. Shetland

ab. rufonigra By.-Salz. Bnt.Hec. 1939. 5I.P. 34-

Ground colour very dark chocolate; surroundings of orbicular, reniform and marginal
area slightly lighter. Black marks before and behind the orbicular. This is the
darkest f . hethlandica in which the forewing is entirely suffused with black.
Shetland.

ah. unicolor By. -Salz. ent. See. 1939. 31. P. 34

Ground colour a very dark sepia, all the lines slightly lighter, maculae obsolete,
black spots absent. . Unst,

ah. nigra By. - Salz. Ent. Fee. 1939. 51. p. 34«

Ground colour an almost black sepia,maculae very slightly lighter , spots before
and, .behind the orbicular and end of the claviform black, not very contrasting,
Shetlands. abs. unicolor and nigra are the extreme dark forms of ab. obsoleta Tutt,
and f. thulei Stgr. in which the brown colour is entirely suffused wijsh black.

ab. nigrostriata By. -Salz. Ent. Rec. 1939. 51. PP. 34.

Colour and markings as ab. hethlandica but with black streaks on the veins. Vein
I black almost to the base, veins 2-4 black to the cell,3-9 only to the submargin¬
al line. Shetlands.

-

-

-/ • xi* --- -

. .

- ■ .

*

.

.

Moot. 22

P. I.

Diarsia Hbn,

aberrational forms etc,

dalilii Hbn.

dahlii Hbn. typical fora - Ground colour yellowish-brown, the markings distinct.
Female darker brown especially the inner marginal area.

ab. rufa Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892. 2.o. 114.

Forewings deep reddish-brown frequently tinged with purple with the central area
not distinctly mottled but with well-marked stigaata.

ab. candelisequa Stephens. Ill. Haust. 1829. 2.p. Ip2.

Forewings griseus with a gLaucous hue and severed, black transverse strigae and
a broad middle shadow, before the margin a slightly waved pale yellowish-brown
striga; a minute black spot in place of the claviform. Ilindwings dusky ash with
pale rufescent cilia.

ab. perfusca Kane. Fntom. 1895. 28.p.2T7.

= fusca Lenz. Schmett. Sudbayern 1927. p.239.

Unicolorous dark sepia, the only marking being a very clear whitish reniform
preceded by a darker blotch representing a vestige of the median band, in some
instances a pale dotted antemarginal waved line. Some examples are wholly unic¬
olorous, while others show only a trace of the pale reniform, and others only -with
its outline represented.

ab. bicolor Oberthur in Culot. Nbct. 1910. 1.p. 48 pi. 7 f. II.

Ground colour of the figure is brownish violet. The character of the form is the
contrasting yellowish-grey of the stignata and wavy subterminal which stand out
conspicuously. The description is given before the name, Turner completely missed
this and gives details regarding primulae which contain no description.

ab. signata Strand. Festschrift 1937* 3*P* 5&3

Forewings y ellow-brown , the inner margin somewhat darkened as much as in the
typical form, thus the yellow-brown ground is here somewhat more striking. The
character of the new form is the outer third of the wing between the outer
transverse line and the margin. To the outer transverse line there follows next
a narrow band of the ground colour which is finished off by a soft waved blackish
streak about l£ mm. wide. This goes to the inner margin but is abruptly cut off
before the costa. In this streak lie the pale nervures. The area up to the waved
line is again yellow-brown. The waved line itself is again outwardly very strongly
dark shaded 30 that a deep contrast in markings arises.

ab. nyx Strand. Festschrift 1937* 3*P» 3^4.

The forewings have almost completely lost their marking, but the hindwings are
darker than normal.

ab. accentif er Strand. Festschrift 1937* 3» P* 5^4.

Only observed in the 9. From the spot-like sagittate stigma arises ayellowish
streak about 2nm. long which reaches up to the inner transverse line. It has the
same colour as that which often forms the filling of the reniform.

This presumably means a light streak from the black spot which represent the
claviform in this species travelling obliquely upwards to the antemedian line.

ab. griseopulverata Strand. Festschrift 1937* 3«P»

Only observed in the 9. Characterised by the very grey general suffusion which
occurs on the whole inner half of the forewings. Placed against the dark central
shade, the deep brown colour stands out strongly. Behind the outer transverse line
there is a narrow band of very grey tone, like the area between the waved line
and the margin. Here in this form there is developed a strong contrast of colour.

r.

,

.

.

. - . .

-

.

, ’I

nj.vnt- disc

Noet. 23.

p. I.

Diarsia Hbn,

rubi View. aberrational forms etc.

rubi View, typical form - -the ground colour reddish cinnamon-brown.

ab. quadrat um Hubner. Samml.Eur. Schmett. I809“I3»pl. IO'I f. 477*

The figure shows the ground colour pale reddish-brown, dark pink ’would better
describe it. Apparently the form we get in Britain in the Spring but colours in
these old works are not to be relied on. Most authors make it a colour aberration
but it is little more than a synonym of the type, in my opinion. This also applies
to radica Ssper. Eur, Schmett. 1790. 4. p. 497 pi. 15 1 f. 4.

ab. grisea Pfau. Abh. und Berichte Pommersche Haturf. Ges. 1928. 9.P. 237.

Ground colour of the forewings grey.

ab.fasciata Meves. Eht. Tidskr. 1914. 35 p. 19*

The first transverse line of the forewing strongly dark-shadowed, the middle
shadow-line strongly developed, the second transverse line bordered by a black-
brown band towards the fringe, the undulate line light , the fringe-field is dark.
By this the form has four dark stripes on a lighter ground.

ab. obsoleta Lempke. Tijd3chr.Ent. 1939* 82. p.244.

Forewings unicolorous without trace of spots, only the subterminal faintly visible.

ab. confluens Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939. 82. p.244. ( description p. 197 )
The orbicular and reniform joined but their contours remain distinct.

ab. semiconfluens Cockayne. Ent. dec. 1952. p4.p. 129 .

The posterior or inner-marginal ends of the orbicular and reniform are united .

The Type is in the R. -C. -K. coll, in Brit. Museum; the stigmata are joined by a short
double line so the form is not the same as the preceding.

ab.xant host axis Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939* 82. p.244*

The orbicular , reniform and claviform yellowish, sharply contrasting with the ground
colour.

ab.floridoides Dannehl. Ent. Z. I925. 39*p.

Large light variegated examples such as pass for florida Schmidt. If these are not
the true good species florida this rubi variety requires another namerfloridoid.es.

ab. borealis Lingonblad. Lamb. 1936. 36. p.239, (" :;4<f 2 /?36/6, pt.l;

Much darker than the typical form, deep grey-brown without the least shade of
reddish; they are a little smaller with somewhat slighter wings and with the
transverse lines very indistinct.

Described from Lapland as an aberration but possibly racial.

.

.7. .

-

, ±- &'• .

c ’

.

o .

c

.

Moot. 24,

p. I.

Diarsia Hbn.

aberrational forms etc

florida Schmidt.

ab. gerontion .Schultz. Int. Ent. Z. 1934. 28. p. 419.
Pale brownish-rose ground colour.

ab. f lava S. Walker. Ent. Pec. 1902. 14 p. 171.

Forewings rich chrome-yellow; sorae with an orange tint on costa, the stigma and
transverse lines rather indistinct; the quadrate spot pale rosy, the fringes
yellow. Thorax and body yellow, hindwings greyish-yellow.

ab. ochracea S. Walker. Ent. Sec. 1902. 14 p. TJ2,

Forewings dull buff, with stigma clearly outlined, transverse lines distinct, the
quadrate spot reddish-brown. Hindwings gr eyish-yellow , the fringes paler.

florida Schmidt. Stett.Ent. Z. 185 9* 20. p. 46.

The description of the typical form is given below since there is much argument
as to its specific status - -

Head, neck and thorax brown, the abdomen above more dull coloured, below towards the
sides the hairing and anal tuft in the male rose reddish, feet white-ringed,
antennae brownish, in the male of a pink tinge. Ground colour of the forewings
of a uniform bright yellow-brown, all the markings distinct. The first (halved) and
second (comolete) transverse lines on their outer side are darker bordered than on
their inner side, as is the first complete line on its inner side. The area from
the less waved subterminal to the rose-reddish fringes as well as the costa of
the third area or field, darker (reddish) brown in which the veins are visible as
fine blackish streaks. The middle shadow very weak, the usual stigmata paler than
the ground, the reniform shining brown, indented on its outer side, the orbicular
with lower part darker, the area between them dark brown. The claviform apex
coloured blackish like the others. Hindwings in both sexes pale earth-brown,
darker in the marginal area with blackish middle-moon and rose-reddish fringes.

I have collected this insect at Askham Bog, the locality which produced the
yellow aberrations (which certainly are not rubi)but all specimens obtained were
more of a rosy-brown than a ” yellow-brown" the colour mentioned by Schmidt, it is
possible therefore that we do not get the typical form in Britain, ours belonging
to ab. gerontion Schultz.

o

.

-

Noct.25

p. I.

Ochropleura Hbn.

nlecta L. aberrational forms etc.

plecta L, typical form - - the ground colour brown-red.

ab. anderssoni Lampa. lint. Tidskr. 1 885. 6.0. 54-.

The ground colour violet-black or blackish-purple.

ab. rubricosta Fuchs. Jahrb. Nass.Ver, 1900.53* p2l6.

The costa of the forev/ings widely purple red, instead of whitish-yellow, the colour
of the rest of the wing normal.

ab. fuscicosta Hirsc^p. V erh. zool. -bot. Ges. Wien. 1910. 0O.0. 418.

Lacks the characteristic broad whitish costal streak, in this specimen only a short
whitish basal trace remains.

Lempke makes this a synonym of the preceding which has no whitish yellow left
(showing) of the original or normal pale costal streak.

ab. unimacula Staudinger. Stett.Snt. Z.I859.20.p.2I3. (Gat. I87I Ed.2.p. 84)

The ground colour reddish chestnut-brown, with the orbicular completely absent.

ab. strigata Hirschke. Verh. zool. -bot. Ges. Vien. 1910. 6o.p. 413.

A distinct transverse line borders the central area of the forewing on its outer
side, slightly bowed and running from the costa to the inner margin. In the marginal
area on the costa a triangular dark 3pot shows clearly, just as the margins.! spot
on the lirnbal line. The dark basal streak is very distinct and reaches the
transverse line, in this streak the stigmata stand out clearly. On the hindwing
the costa is less darkened than in the typical form.

ab.plectella Strand. Arch. Naturg. 1915. 81 Al2.p. 145.

Forewing with the costal area purple but on the subcostal and median veins, white
streaks.

ab. albilinea Lempke. Ti jdschr. Ent. I939« 82. p. 23I.

Forewings with a sharply contrasting white subterminal line.

ab. pallida Lempke. Ti jdschr. "Snt. 1939* 82. p. 231.

The entire basal half of the forewings whitish to beyond the reniform spot. In this
whitish area are the stigmata, the black basal streak and a stripe of ground
colour beneath the median cell.

ab. fasciolata Heinrich. Dtsch.Bnt.Z. I9l6.p. 5I2.pl. 4 f. 9.

On the hindvings about 3rara.from the margin the veins are powdered with black
from 2 ~3mm, giving the impression of an uninterrupted band from the costa nearly
to the anal angle, running parallel with the margin.

The figure is very bad, hardly showing even a line on the hindwings.

ab. mucidata Dannehl. Snt. Z. I925. 39* P* 128.

Specimens in which the stignata are completely wanting,the costal marginal
streak broadened to cover the location of the stigmata and extending very pale
to the outer margin thus appearing dull yellow. Hindwings yellow- grey with a
more aoparent row of dot3 across the distal area.

? ignota Swinh. P. Z. 3. I889.p.4II.

Both 'Turner and Lempke include this form from Ceylon as occurring in Britain
and Holland respectively. Lempke mkes it a mere colour form with the ground colour
pale red, probably from Warren's description in Seitz which is completely mis¬
leading. The main character of the form is the absence of the black in the cell, it
is not likely to be an aberration in Britain or Holland.

« a 1

.

. „ . . - ' » o •

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*

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.

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. .

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Noct. 26. • Amathes Hbn.

p. I.

glareosa Esper. aberrational forms etc.

Eur. Schmett. I788. 4.p. 387 pi. 128 f. 3.

= hebraica Hubner. Sararal. Eur. Schmett. 1818-22. pi. 140 f.642
= i-gerainum Duponchel. Hist. Nat. 1826. 6. p. 80 pi. 77 f . 6.

ab.rufa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 108.

Forewings with the ground colour a beautiful lilac-grey, tinted all over with
beautiful rose colour.

ab. griseonigra G. Smith. Ent. iec. 1954. 66.p. 97*pl. 3 9.

The ground colour darker grey than the typical form, the hindwing smoky.
Described from Llangollen,Wales.

ab. limbata Gouin. Actes. 3oc. Linn. Bordeaux 1900. 74.p. 67.
The forewings with a wide black margin.

ab.hebraicoides Gregson. Young Nat. 1888 p.2I,

The ground colour dark cold brown, making the costal spots appear less distinctly
defined and the margins of the stigmata more so.

This form would seem to be the same as edda Stgr.from the Shetlands but since the
locality is not given it cannot be used for this northern form with any certainty.

subsp.edda Staudinger. Iris 1891. 4.0,266.

= suffusa Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892.2.p. 108.

The dark race from the Shetlands.

Forewings dark brown-black with white transverse lines and slightly developed
stigmata margined on the inner side with deep velvety black. Hindwings greyish-
black instead of whitish-grey.

? decempunctata de Vill, Linn. Ent. 1789.2. p.273 pi. 5 f. 17*

The figure is unlike glareosa and the description of little use.

Warren in Seitz makes it a synonym of the type form and Turner in his Brit. Noct.
merely lists it with no comment. It is best to avoid the use of the name.

- -

, . . .W.

-

- ’

•s •» “=>

■

Noct. 27,

P. I.

Amathes Hbn

depun eta Linn. aberrational forms etc.

depuncta Linn, typical form - the ground colour slaty-grey.

ab.mendosa Hubner. Samml. Eur. Schmett. I800-03.pl. 2o f. 120. (not 502)

The figure shows the forewings greyish yellowish brown* This agrees with most of
our British specimens, one cannot tie them down to the colour of such inexact
figures. Tutt and Turner seem to have got the two mendosa forra3 figured by
Hubner the wrong way round. Tutt says he thinks fig. 120 is highly coloured and
meant to represent particularly red specimens of our more ochreous and reddish
form. This description applies to fig. 502 of which he says '"the ground colour a
deep brownish-ochreous , hindwings grey with a distinct lunula" . There is no lunule
showing in fig. 502. and the brownish-ochreous ground applies to fig. 12 0. Turner
has copied this and says "Forres specimens are more ochreous slaty- grey and very
like the fig. 502 var. mendosa Hubner, to which they may be referred. This quite
wrong, they should be referred to fig. 120.

ab.mendosa Hubner. Samml. Eur. Schmett. 1808-18 pi. 10 7 f. 502. (not f. 120)

This figure is very bright yellowish-brown with reddish suffusion in the median
area, unlike any British depuncta and most probably an exaggeration on the part
of the artist. Since the name mendosa is used for the first of Hubner’ s figures
it cannot be used for this.

ab, raaddisoni Newman. Proc. 0. Lond.Snt. & Nat. Hist. Soc. 1923-24. ( 1923 )p. 93*

Newman merely 3ays "A fine heavily marked specimens of var. raaddisoni. "

Turner gives a fuller description in Ent, dec. p0. Suppl.p. ( l60 ) 1938 by Cockayne.
"Base, median area and stignata thickly peppered with blackish-brown scales;
usual markings accentuated; marginal area lightly peppered with blackish scales;
nervures blackened; oblique line of black hairs through tegulae.

ab.obscura Clayhills. Not. Ent. 1927* 7*P* 83

The colour of the disoal area i3 as dark as the deep black spots on the proximal
transverse lines of the typical form; the basal area somewhat lighter as also is
the marginal area. , where the black veins are emphasised. The transverse lines
are double and pale grey-brown. The margins of the stigmata are of the same
colour but the waved line is somewhat darker. Hindwings dark brown- grey.

ab. arenoflavida Schawerda. Int. Ent. Z. 1934. 28. p.425 pi.- f. 3*

Wholly light sand-yellow and without markings except the basal and post-basal
black spots and on the costa a few pre-apical minute dots. The postmedian and
pre-marginal transverse bands are obsolescent, the transverse row of very fine
black points standing normally between the latter is scarcely visible, the reniform
hardly visible. Hindwings pure white.

ab. obsolescens Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1952 >64, p.129, pi. 5 £.4.

Forewings pale greyish-ochreous,the two black dots at the base and the three
bordering the antemedian line present; the reniform and orbicular faintly marked
and with no dark mark between them; the median shade and postmedian line absent;
the subterminal line present and the row of dots internal to it, and from these
dots to the termen the nervures are darkened.

-

.

.

' ,1

■

» " ’ ■ 4 ' . r - T '

.

. '

Noct. 28,

p. I.

Amathes Hbn,

agathina Dup. aberrational forms etc.
= albimacula Stephens.

agathina Dup. typical form - The ground colour reddish-grey, the colour of wine-
dregs. The figure of Stephens albimacula agrees with Duponchel's agathina.

ab. leucographa Stephens. Ill. Haust. 1829. 2.p. 199*

Forewings reddish-brown, varied with white and ochraceous yellow, with fine purplish
or coppery shades, mar kings normal. Hindwings ochreous-white with central lunule
and two transverse strigae fuscous.

Stephens thought this form to be Gtypsitea leucographa Hbn. and cites his (Hubner’s)
fig. 57^. There seems no doubt that it is a reddish-brown form of agathina.

i

ab. rosea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. 59*

Forewings of a bright rosy tinge, markings normal..

? ab. scopariae Mlliere. Icon. 1864. 2. p. i5i.pl. 67 f. 10.

This form is not the melanic one which occurs in M. England and Scotland since it
has no trace of the usual band and line on the hindwing which is stressed in both
the description and figure. It is probably racial in France.

? ab.provincialis Culot. (Guenee. ) Noct. I909~I3» I.p. 39 pi. 6 f.8.

Also racial in France differing from the preceding only in its small size, it lacks
the banding on the hindwing which our British specimens always display, this
British form is ab. infuscata Culot. ( Guenee. )

ab.infuscata Culot. ( Guenee. ) Noct. I909“I3* I.p. 40.pl. 6 f. 9.

The melanic form occurring in N. England and Scotland. Guenee ’ s specimen was from
Scotland.

Forewings very dark, almost black with some clearer spaces reddish. Distinguished
from the preceding by the hindwings which are crossed by a distinct, band very
visible on the paler ground. The description entirely agrees with our British
form.

subsp.hebridicola Staudinger. Cat. Ed. 3* 1901. p. Ip8. {fig'd Culot. Noct. I. pi. 6 f. 10 )

The race from Hebrides. Pale greyish, almost without reddish tint.

ab. cingulata Loritz. Entom. 1947. 1B0.pl. 2 f. I.p. 145.

Forewings with the pale band extending from the base two thirds along the costa
continuing, to surround the reniform stigaa in a broad pale girdle and touching
the inner margin some millimetres from the hinder angle. A. light patch present
near the base. The ground colour is dark grey, not reddish as is normal. Hindwings
much lighter than normal.

ab.virgata Wightman. Ent.Rec. 1945*57* P* 47.

Ground colour pale pink tinged with whitish-grey 9 the usual markings iust discernible
in darker grey. The whole area between the inner and outer lines is dull -grey, except
along the costa which is wholly of the pale ground colour. This deeper grey colour
is confined to the central fascia and does not spread out beyond these lines, The
orbicular is present as a mere dull white pin-point, the reniform normal.

c

.

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.

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,

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....

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Moot. 29

p. I.

Snathes Hbn.

aberrational forms etc

aloicola Zett.

A-

- hyperborea Zett.

alpicola Zett. typical form - Ground colour ashy, the markings more or less
distinct.

ab. ? carnica Hering. Stett. Ent. Z. 1846 p.236.

In colour resembling agathina,in markings obelisca. In both sexes there is a
shading of copper-reddish, in the 9 sometimes mixed with grey, sometimes dark
yellowish-brown. Hindwings reddish- grey, with a ' darker shade towards tht light fying*
Tutt .makes, this the form not uncommon in Scotland and the description certainly
fits the- rufous examples * found at Eannoch. Thefe ' seems to be no other name for
this richly marked form which is very different from .the Type of alpina Humph. &
Westwood (see below) so it can be used, for .all examples. with -predominating
coppery shade but .without the clear ashy colour of ab. coerulescens Tutt.

ab. ? glacialis H. -Sch. 3yst. Bearb. 1849. 2. p. 198 pi. 82 f. 421.

-ttaudingir refers it to carnica Hering,the preceding, quite wrongly since H.-Sch.
gave the hame to cover a very variable species and not one form, If however the
first fig. 421 is taken as glacialis it is much paler than carnica and has no

cuneiform spots in the margin.

ab. aquilonaris Zett. Ins. Lap. 1840. p. 940.

Greyish, brown suffused, the ordinary stignaia obsolete, a marginal row of black spots.
Tliis may well occur as an aberration in our British race.

subsp. alpina Humohrey & Westwood. Brit.Moths. 1843. I.p. II8.pl. 2p f . I3»

The earliest name for our British race. The type is in the 3. -G. -K. coll. at Tring
but is not like most forms being paler, grey-buff, and lacking the usual rufous
tingej it wa3 collected on Cairn Gowr, Perthshire.

ab. coerulescens Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. 87.

Tutt names the figure in Herrich-Sch&ffer *s §yst Bearb.pl. 82 fig. 424(the third
figure called glacialis , all three being different ) and says it is the same as the
form commonly seen in collections in England,Herrich-Schbff er ’s figure must be
very exagerated since the blue ground is far too bright for anything occurring in
Britain.

Putt’s description of his coerulescens is -''Probably the most beautiful form of
all. Rich red-brown with all the markings of a clear ashy or slaty colour, showing
up distinctly the transverse lines and stignata. The series of cuneiform spots
distinct, well marked in intense blackish, v/ith lineolae extending from the outer
side of reniform.

ab. unif ormis Ccokayne. Ent. Sec. 1952. 64. p. 130.

There is a comolete absence of the usual black or blackish-brown markings on the
forewing. These are replaced by rufous or in some cases the rufous scales are
mixed with dark brown ones; the row of black marginal dots remains.

ab. rufistigna Cockayne. Ent.Rec. 1952. 64.p. 130 pi. p f. 6.

Ground colour of the forewing uniform blackish-brown with the following markings
visible, blackish postmedian and subterminal lines, a black mark between the reniform
and orbicular, two oblique black lines internal to the orbicular, and a broad black
stripe running from the base to the termen and lying just below the median nervure
and nervure 2; the reniform and orbicular stignata are pale rust colour and contrast
strongly with the dark ground.

ab. suffusa Richardson. Ent. Rec. 1952. 64.0.270 & 2~j2 pi. II f.22.

Porewings, hindwings, thorax and abdomen all coloured blackish-brown, through which
the usual markings are faintly visible on the f or ewings, especially the pale ante
and postmedian lines, a row of marginal white dots, and a basal line extending across
the costal half of the wing. The dark colour has faded considerably since emergence.

► 5

.

' '

« 3

- =>

*

Noct. 30.
"P* X*

snathe 3 Hbn,

ashworthii Dbl. aberrational forms etc.

- vallesiaoa Stainton( nee. H. - SchjEnt. Ann. I 835»p. 41.

ab. virgata Tutt. Brit. Mo ct. 1892. 2. p . 78.

Forewings with the cntral shade extending from costa to the inner margin and
enclosing the orbicular stigna. The transverse shade then coalesces with the
quadrate 3pot between the 3tignata (characteristic of ashworthii) and forms a
blackish-brown band extending to the complete basal line. ‘The subterminal is
generally well developed in the banded form.

ab. vallesiaca Stainton, in Tutt Brit. Moot. 2 p.77« = ashworthii Dbl.

This is obviously a synonym of the typical ashworthii which Stainton thought was
the sane as the vallesiaca Her rich- Sch&ffer 3yst. Bear b. 2 pi. 17 f. 80. a Continental
species. Tutt separates it as an aberration which shows no black quadrate spot
between the 3tignata,with no grounds for doing so since Stainton mentions no
such character , merely saying the species had been collected by several colleague.;
in vi/ales at the end of July. It is therefore not an aberration.

ab„ substriata Mansbridge.

The melanic form,

Proc. Lancs. & Cheshire Ent. Sec. 1906. 30 p. 47.
Entom. 1907. 40 p. 22.

, ;

Noct. 31.

P. I.

Amathes. Hbn.

aberrational forms etc.

castanea Esper.

ab. neglecta Hubner. Saraml.Sur. Schmett. I800.pl. J4- f . l6o.
Forewings dull grey, transverse lines and stignata distinct.

castanea Esper. typical form - - Ground colour unicolorous bright red.

ab. laevis Haworth. Lep. Brit. I809.P. 207.

Ground colour reddish-grey, , the markings almost obsolete. Tire fringes of the fore¬
wing dirty reddish, those of the hindwing paler.

The form would seem to be intermediate between the typical red form and neglecta.

ab. cerasina Freyer. Neu Beitr. 1842. 4.p. 38.pl.3I2.

The ground colour wine-red or violet-brown without markings, except for a pale
weakly marked subterminal.

Tutt for no apparent reason says this is the same as the preceding laevis Haw.
the figure and description are of a far darker form which must beiare in Britain.

ab.pallida Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 109.

Ground colour pale whit ish-ochreou3, with the reniform and orbicular outlined in
red; the subterminal i3 composed of a series of red dots; otherwise unicolorous
without any other transverse lines.

ab.xanthe Woodforde. Ent.Mon.Mag. 1901. 37 P* Il6»

The ground colour rich yellow, approaching that of mustard, darker towards the
base paling off a little towards the outer and inner margins.

ab. albi&a Cockayne. Ent. Sec. I992. 64. p. 129 .

Fore wing greyish-white, entirely without markings, the reniform only just visible.

ab. subrubra Bannehl. Ent. Z* I929. 39. P. 122.

Examples of neglecta with a strong reddish suffusion which is not confined to
the base. Dannehl says these are not the same as laevis Haworth.

The form would seem to be extremely like laevis but possibly less tinted with
red.

ab. gLaucoptera Schultz. Int. Ent. Z. 1930. 24. p. 169.

Fore and hindwings whitish- grey, the lines and stigmata just visible, the lower
part of the reniform somewhat darker.

ab. syriae Strand. Arch. Naturg. 1919* 81. A 12. p. 149.
Hindwings white with a dark marginal area.

ab. signata Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939. 82. p. 250.

The subterrainal line bordered with black on its inner side.

ab.fumosa Meves. Ent. Tidskr. 1914. 39* P. 18.

All wings, dark sooty- grey} the forewings with extremely indistinct black
transverse lines and surround to the reniform, and only very weak traces of a
paler subterminal line. (From the German translation on p. 41. )

. » . .

, , . , o ,

,

.

. c ,

Noct. 32

p. I.

Amathes Hbn,

aberrational forms etc

baja Schiff.

= tricornma Esp.

ba.ja Schiff. typical form — the ground colour red-brovm.

ab, grisea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. I06.

Forewings pale greyish-fuscous,sometimes with a slight ochreous tinge, the
markings vary as in the type form.

ab. coerulescens Tutt. Brit. Tibet. 1892. 2.p. I06.

The form has the ground colour of the type with a distinct 3laty tinge which is
very noticeable in the basal and subcostal areas.

ab.purourea Tutt. Brit. I'Toct. I892. 2. p. I06.

The reel ground tinted with a beautiful purplish or plum colour and not of the
ferruginous shade as in the type and hence has a much richer appearance than
any of the other forms, reminding one of the lovely violet or purple tinge seen
in some specimens of brunnea.

r ... . 1 ) 1 a 1 A_- '• , ’ ■'

ab. punctata Aurivil fiord. F jar. 1888. p. 1 13.

The transverse lines along their length with black dot-like spots on the inside.

ab. immaculata Hoffmann Ent. 1. 1910. 23.0.223.

The black wedge-shaped spot in the apex of the forewings is completely absent.

ab. cinigera Filip j. Ann.Mus. Zool. U.E. 3. 3. 1927. 28. p. 237.

Wholly uniformly bluish- grey in colour, coerulescens Tutt has only the basal and
subcostal areas tinged with slaty.

Possibly confined to Siberia, one d* from Sidemi.

ab. monachi Meves. Ent. Tidskr. 1914. 33«P» 19*

Forewings almost unicolorous , dark brown- grey, markings virtually absent,, there are
only 3 black spots where the subterminal starts and other small spots at the start
of the transverse line, dark patch in reniform partly visible.

ab. clausa Lernpke. Tijdschr.Bnt. 1939* 82. p. 24-3 (description p. 197)

The first and second transverse lines join at the inner margin.

ab. xysti Meves. Ent. Tidskr.1914. 35. p. ^9*

Remarkable on account of the unusual appearance of the external transverse line;
the usual double line joins up at one end to form a continuous band of black
crescent —shaped marks, the ground colour as in coerulescens Tutt.

! foot. 33

v, I.

snathes Hbn,

c-nigrum Linn. aberrational forma etc.

= nunatrum E3per.Sur. Schmett. r/82. f*3*

=3ingulari3 E3per. Sur Schmett. 1782. 3. pi. 7^ f « 3*

ab. 3uffu3a Tutt. Brit. "foot. 1892. 2. p. III.

Of a deep violet black, the oale costal blotch of a reddish fle3h-colour,hindwing3
dark greyish-black as in ditrapezium.

ab. rosea Tutt. Brit, loot . 1892. 2. p. III.

Of a clear testaceous slightly rosy, with the cellular spots between the stignata
and the 3pot at the ba3e the only black markings, the subterminal line spotted,
blackish, distinct.

ab.umbrata Schultz. Soc.Snt. 1908.22. p. I83.

= depmvata 3ang-Haas. Iris 1912.26 p. 139*

Ground colour 30 darkened that the characteristic costal markings scarcely stand
out from the more dusky ground.

In deprivata the co3ta in the central area is conspicuously dark, thereby showing
uo the reniform. The colour of the forewing is dull black, a It tie glossy but
somewhat of a coppery tint.

The two form3 are hardly different enough to separate.

ab.maerens Dannehl. Ent. Z. 1925. 39»p. 123.

Extreme examples show a smooth unicolorou3 violet-black tone, only the costal
blotch paler a3 i3 also the inner half of the reniform, a small black spot at the
base and the small costa], spot, are visible.

The form is very close to the preceding but oossibly shows the costal markings
naler.

ah. nigrescens Buresch. Trans. Soc. Bulg. Sci. 'Tat. 1913. 7»?» 100.

A melanic form with perfectly black forewings. Of the usual li^it costal mark
there is only a 3pot lying between the black but ill-expressed C-mark. Also the
hindv/ings along the margin are strongly black.

ab„frit3chi Culot. Noct. I909-T3. T. p. 4j> pi. 7 f*4.

Remarkable on account of the clear space in the middle of the f'ore.'ings.

The figure shows two small black 3pots only, in place of^the normal black G-mark
they are not connected but stand out in the straw coloi^d costal blotch.

I have taken thi3 form at Tring,more often than not it is asymmetrical.

ab. grisea Turner. Ent. Sec. 1939. 51. Suppl.p. ( 165 }

Thorax and forewings pale grey with the usual black markings a slightly darker
brownish-grey.Hindwings and abdomen nearly white.

ab. albinotica Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1932. 64. p. 130 pi. 3 f • 5*

There is a complete absence of black pign ent. Head, thorax, and abdomen very pale
grey, fore’, zings pale blue-grey, in the <5 flushed with a slight rosy hue in the
median area, along the costa and in the posterior part of the wingjthe stignata,
and the usual conspicuous black mark touching them, are absent.

ab. immaculata Lemoke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939* 82 p.247.
Tne dark apical mark of the forewings i3 absent.

ab.juncta Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939. 82 p.247. (description p. 197)
The orbicular and reniform join together.

ab. confluens Ler^ke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939. 82. p.247. (description p. 197 )
Instead of joining the the stignata are united by a double line.

-

.

0 «

.

*

ffoot. 33.

P.2.

c-nigrum Linn, continued.

Moot. 34.

P. I.

Snathes Hbn.

ditrapeziura Schiff . I775«-Wi©n. V erz.p. 312.

= ditrapezium Bor kh. 1792. Naturg. 4.p. 513.

= sign a Godart, 9 1824 Hist. Nat. 5.pl.6l.f. 3. (d pi. oO ? )

= tristigaa Tr. 1823. Schraett. Hur. 5 (I). p.243.

aberrational forms eto.

ab. pallida Hoffmann. Schm. Stierm. 1914 p.3^9.

Light examples like the ab. rosea Tutt of c-nigrum. The form has a great similarity
with A. triangulum.

ab. signata Lerapke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939* 82. p. 248.

The subterminal line is bordered internally with a de.rk line

.

.

/

.

.

.

Moot. 35.

p. I.

kmathes Hbn.

triangulum Huf n. 3erl. Mag. 1766. 3. p. 306.

= signa Borkh. Naturg. 1792. 4. p. 439.

= signa Hbn. Samml. Bur. Schraett. I809_I3-pl. 106 f. 497(nec.f. 122 )

aberrational forms etc.

triangulum Hufn. typical form - - the ground colour reddish-yellow or brown.

ab. intermedia 'Putt. Brit. Hoot. 1892.2. p. 110.

- signa Haworth. Lep. Brit. I809.p. 225. (nec. Hubner. )

Tutt renames the signa of Haworth since it is greyish purple, whilst Hubner’ 3
signa is {according to Tutt j the palest of the forms - pale grey with no trace of
red. I agree with Turner that this is by no means the case, in his copy of Hubner
it is a dark insect, in ours at Tring ye 11 ow-br own with very dark hindwings,it
shows how unsafe it is to rely on these old works when describing colours. Tutt
describes his intermedia as intermediate between the red type and the pale signa
of Hubner but gives no actual 3hade. It would appear to be greyish-purple with
only a slight reddish tint, since Haworth merely 3ays " griseo-purourascentibus. "
Tutt says it is the commonest form in Britain.

signa Hubner. Tutt has separated this form from the type because in his opinion
the figure shows a very pale insect. This is not so in our copy of Hubner so it
is made a synonym of the type.

ab. avellanea Hirschke.Verh. zool. bot. Ges.Wien. 1910. 6o,r>. 413.

The ground colour of the upoerside of the forewings and fringes is a beautiful
light colour instead of yellowish-brown with purple reddish mixture, markings
normal, standing out more strongly than in the typical form. Also the colour of
the upperside of the hindwings,as well as that of the underside of all wings
is lighter than typical.

ab. obscurior Salzl. Mitt. Munch. Snt. Ges. 1928. 18. p. 62.

The ground colour chocolate; the dark 3hade and light areas on the costa and
hindwings in a striking way resemble A. stignajsica Hbn. , it is distinguished from
this by the well known long black streak by which the orbicular and reniform
are united and by the outer waved line, which is almost obsolete and not so
toothed as in 3tignatica.

ab. immaculata Lerapke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939* 82. p. 247.

The black mark or spot at the apex of the forewings is absent.

ab. signata Lerapke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939- 82.p247.

The subterrainal line on the forewing is bordered internally with black,
ab. unimaculata Chalraers-Hunt. Entom. I96l.94.p. 281. pi. 7 f . 10.

In the discal cell of the forewing the first dark mark is completely absent and
the second one somewhat reduced. The cross-lines are all rather more strongly
emphasised. The combination of these characters gives the moth a very different
appearance from normal triangulum.

Moot. 36.

p. I.

Jtoathes Hbn.

\ y- >

rA trrriJbtftftee^ •

3tignatica Hbn.
=_xhombnid<3 a -©?.

aberrational forms etc.

ab. tristigna Stephens. Ill. Haust. I829. -.p. I32.

Deep fuscous brown.

The figure of the type form in Hubner * 3 Samrnl. Bur. Schmett.pl. 100 f. 47O-7I shows
much more red than Stephens description of tristigna so the latter is treated
as an aberration. Hubner ’s figures are so bad that it, tristigma, is merely a
synonym of stignatica.

ab.lalle Schultz. Int.Snt.Z. 1934.28. p. 419.

Ground colour of the forewings violet-brown without reddish tinge, but the hind-
wings are darker, giving the insect, compared with the typical form, a very much
more obscure appearance.

ab, stigmatula Ent. iundsch. 1924. 41. p. 43.

The dark area between the orbicular and reniform stignata is absent.

ab.pallida Turner. Snt.Hec. 1939. 51. Suppl.p. (168)

Ground colour paler than normal; the square spot between the stignata. obsolete;
other markings present but pale; thorax and abdomen paler than usual.

Noct. 37.

p. I.

Anathes Hbn,

xanthographa Sohiff.
= radica Esp.

= tetragona Haw.

aberrational forms etc.

xanthographa Schiff, - typical form - Tutt bases hi3 colour forms on the conclusion
that the typical form is dark greyish-fuscous. Lemplce says it is dark red to
chestnut-brown and makes ab.rufa Tutt a synonym. Warren in Seitz says dull brown.

It is doubtful whether the exact shade of the type is known so we accept Tutt’s
dark greyish-fuscous.

£

ab. cohaesa Herrich-Sch&ffer. Byst. Bearb. 1845. 2.p. 209.pl.20 figs.95~97»
The ground colour yellow grey, the markings more or less normal.

ab. elutior Alpher Stett. Ent.Z. I887.P. 168.

The ground colour pale cinnamon-brown,the reniform pale edged.

ab.rufescens Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. I25.

The ground colour pale reddish, not of the decided red of ab.rufa Tutt but which
have the red tint more pronounced than the pale grey cohaesa or the dark grey
of the type.

ab.rufa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 123.

The ground colour bright red. Also dark red specimens inclining to chestnut, the
stigmata distinct but transverse lines generally more indistinct.

ab. obsoleta-rufa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. 126.

Bright red as in the preceding ab.rufa but with the stignata and transverse lines
quite obsolete, becoming unicclorous.

ab. obscura Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892* 2,p. 123.

The ground colour dark reddish-black, the markings ill-defined but the stignata
clear and well marked. Hindwings deep blackish-grey.

ab. obsoleta-obscura Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 126.

The ground colour dark reddish-black as in the preceding ab. obscura but the
stignata and transverse lines are comnletely obsolete and merged into the ground
colour.

ab.funerea Gauckler. Krancher 's Ent. Jahrb. I90T. X.p. 133 (154?.)

A very dark form, the ground colour of the forewings is a dark, almost black-brown
with a suggestion of violet. AL1 the marking is sharply defined, a blackish quadrate
spot between the stignata, the pale subterminal only slightly showing. In rare
cases the black-brown forewing is crossed at the base and also in the marginal
area by a paler curved band and the nervures in the central and marginal areas
are blackish powdered and stand out.

Lempke makes this a synonym of obscura Tutt but there seems to be no red in this
form.

ab. nigra Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892.2.p. 125. 126.

The ground colour blackish-grey. Tutt then says on the next page "as intensely
black as, but without the red tinge of ab. obscura" We must therefore presume that
the form csn be intensely black as well as blackish-grey.

ab. budensis Freyer. Neu. Beitr. 1839- 3«P« 56. P-1-* - ' • -•

Extremely large, the size of b a. j a. Forewings black- grey, somewhat darker in the middle
the usual bands obsolescent, distinct streaks on veins forming a band.

Very similar to nigra Tutt but Tutt by the name "nigra" obviously meano much dar v

er examples.

c

Noct. 37.

P.2.

Amathes xanthographa 3c h iff. continued.

ab. obsoleta-nigra Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2.p. 126.

Ground colour blackish- grey to black with the stigmata and transverse lines
obliterated, producing a perfectly unicolorous form.

ab. unicolor Failla. Nat. Sic. 1888. 7. p. 2JI,

= obsoleta Tutt. (divided into colour forms) Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 126
= astixis Dannehl. Ent. Z. 1925. 39*P* 123.

Unicolorous, without markings.

Tutt made three colour shades of his obsoleta which can stand as separate from
others although actually they are covered by unicolor Failla.

£

ab. xanthostaxis Dannehl. Ent. Z. 1923. 39 p. 123.

In all shades of colour specimens in which the stigmata are completely filled in,
appearing as clear yellow drops, these appear more noticeable especially when
combined with such dark forms as obscura and nigra.

ab. mar gine^prnata Dannehl. Ent. Z. 1933* 46. p. 246.

The antemarginal li^it band stretches out appreciably into the yellow colour of
the stigma. The form can occur in all specimens but is naturally found more
often in examples with strongly developed stigmata such as ab. xanthostaxis Dannehl

ab.pallidior Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1946. 58. P. 73 pl.X f.3*

Forewing very pale brownish-white with the usual markings faintly visible. Hindwing
whitish with the marginal shade just visible.

ab. alba Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1944. 56. p. 53*

The forewings , hindwings , thorax, abdomen and all other parts are white and without
markings.

ab. signata Lempke. Tijdschr.Bnt. 1939. 82. p. 249.

The subterminal line is internally bordered with black.

ab. semifasciata lichardson. Ent. G&z. 1958.9* P« 129. pi. 9 4. 10.

The terminal half of the for owing is darkened with fuscous through v/hicn the
black nervures show clearly, fho fuscous area ends just outside the orbicular and
contrasts strongly with the clear red basal half. This is crossed by two wavy lines
one near the base and the other just inside the orbicular. The nervures of the
outer half of the hindwing arc also darkened.

it

*

*} *

*5

« ' O

Noct. 38,

p. I.

Anathea. Hbn

3ex3trigata Haworth.
= umbrosa Hbn.

aberrational forma etc.

,

*

Moot. 39

P.I.

Axylia Hbn,

putris Linn. Faun. 3uec. I7'oI.p. 315.

= subcorticalis Hufn. Berl.Mag. I767.3»P» 308.

= lignoaa Hbn. Saraal.Sur. ochmett. 1800-03 f.245.

aberrational forms etc.

ab. juncta Lempke. 'Tijd3chr.3nt. 1939. 82. p. 237. (description p. 197)
The orbicular and reniform united but retaining their contours.

ADDBIE-h. 7.

Moot. 39. A. putr is Linn.

ab. brunnea doater. Bnt.Rec. 1969. 8I.0.27.

The ground colour of the forewings is warm reddish-brown, and the hindwings are
smoky. Collar warn reddish-brown, remainder of thorax and abdomen dark grey-brown.

Anapleotoides Me Dunnough

Meet. 40

p. I.

prasinu Sehiff.

= herbida Sehiff.

= herbida Hbn.

=egregia Esp.

= viridi-obscura Goeze.
= mixta Haw.

aberrational forms etc.

ab. jaspidea Borkhausen. Naturg. fur. Schmett. 1792. 4. p. 440.

The light patch on the outward side of the reniform is absent.

ab. albimacula Hormuzaki. Ent. Nachr. I89A. 20. p. 53»

The ground colour pale grey, by which the green colour becomes strongly curtail¬
ed. The sharply defined patch on the outer side of the reniform is very striking
and bright white, without green suffusion.

ab. pallida Tutt. Brit. Noct. T892. 3. p. 65.

Po rewings pale whitish-green. Hie pale patch outside the reniform is absorbed
in the paler ground colour. This i3 the extreme pale form.

ab.viridior Spuler. Schmett. Bur. 1905. i.p. 164.

Sap-green (light green) instead of yellow-green.

Turner's translation is wrong,he says the form is yellow-green.

ab. olivacea Lenz in Osthelder Schmett. Sudbayern 1928. 1. (2). p. 2pl.pl. 14 f. 4.
pale yellowish.

ab. suffusa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. i.p. 6p.

Forewings reddish-brown with a black area around and including the stigmata; a
pale patch outside the reniform, the transverse lines comolete and black, out¬
lined with pale greyish.

ab. lugubris Petersen. Lep.Paun. Bstland, 1902. p. 09.

Ground colour uniformly generally dark brown- grey, in which the greenish and
whitish markings are scarcely to be noticed, so that the appearance is wholly
unfamiliar.

ab.obscura Lenz in Osthelder Schmett. Sudbayern. 1928. 1. (2) p. 2^2. pi. 14 f. 8.
"Dark”. The figure shows the forewing very dark with only the costal half
of the antemedian line and the pale patch outside the reniform showing up
lighter.

ab.vittata Heinrich. Dtsch.Bnt. 4/fr9Io) I9I7.p. 5I4.pl. 4 f. 10.

- medionigra Lenz. in Osthelder Schmett. Sudbayern. 1928 p. 231 pi. 14 f.2,6 4 ~J.

The area between the ante and postmedian lines darkened unicolorous black-gieen
forming a sharply margined distinct band.

medionigra by the figures is not so extreme, the darkening being more restricted
not filling the whole -area between the tEans verse lines.lt can be separated as
a transitional form if so desired.

ab. effusa Cockayne. Ent. Hec. 1952. 64. p. 130 pi. p f. 7»

Ground colour green, none of the usual markings are sharply defined, the stignata
both lack the usual sharp black outline and all blackish transverse lines
are obsolete or nearly so except the sub terminal, the nervures running from
the row of black dots to the subterrainal are marked with blackish scales.

0

\

9 <}3

;

0

Noct. 40

p.2

prasina Schiff. continued.

ab. leucozona Cockayne. Ent. Rec. 1952. 64. p. 130 & Ipl.pl. 5 f . 8.

The pale area in the middle of the wing and the absence of black scales in
and around the stigmata give this form a most unusual appearance giving the
effect of a broad •vhitish transverse band proximal to the orbicular and another
distal to the reniform. The ground colour is green, basal area dark brownish-
green, ante and postmedian lines absent; A narrow dark green line runs from the
costa to the orbicular and another from the reniform to the inner margin; the
orbicular has a narrow black ring round it and a greenish central spot which
is surrounded by whitish; the .reniform has a very narrow black ring narrowest
on the outer side and one greenish dot in the upper and another in the lower
part; the subterminal is dark green with a blackish spot between 4 and 3; the
subcostal and median nervure3 are white,nervures 3 and 4 are white and the
space between them white or whitish as far out as the outer row of black dots
internal to the subterminal; the ground between the dark basal area and the
inner row of black specks external to the reniform is whitish-green. s

ab.masseyi Cockayne. ISnt.Rec. I952. 64 p. 130 & 13 1 pi. 5 f.9»

The insect lias an unusual mottled appearance. 'The ground colour brownish-green
with the usual lines distinct, the orbicular and reniform indistinct but
between them is a black mark; the distal side of the reniform is whitish with
a tinge of ochreous in the middle and the outer limit of the usual pale area
external to the reniform i3 of the same colour forming a whitish-ochreous
line, the space between these two lines is black crossed by two parallel
whitish-ochreous longitudinal lines with a much narrower white one above and
below.

ab.demuthi Richardson. liitom. 19p3. 91. p. 211; pl.4,f. 1 & 2.

The usual green markings on the forewings show through a black ground. Hind-
wings slightly darkened, with ochreous fringes.

The author says he bred a series of 35 specimens, which varied from very
dark green to almost black, and that 'the darkest forms give a lovely effect
when bred.

1 *» •»

9 •>

.

a

Noct. 41.

p. I.

Euroi3 Hbn,

occulta Linn.

ab. iraolicata Lef ebvr e. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. I836. 3. p. 394 pi. 10 f • 4.

There seans to be complete confusion over this form, starting with the author
himself whose descriotion does not agree at all with his figure. His description
says the wings blackish with whitish transverse lines, the orbicular white. The
figure shows shows a dull grey insect with no whitish lines or orbicular.

Corti & Draudt in Seitz 3 Suppl. p. 87 say they have 3een the type and it is not
like passetii Th. -Mieg. the black form, but is a grey form with rather diffused
markings which does not differ very much from the usual form . In view of this
it is not advisable to use the name for our British forms.

£

ab.extricata Zetterstedt. Ins. Lap* I840.p. 940.

Blackish-grey , varied with fuscous, the lines and marks on co3ta white.
Generally accepted as the intermediate form between the grey typical and the
blackish passetii Tli.Hieg.

ab, passetii Thiery-Mieg. Le Wat. I885. 7*P» 237* ? (I886.8.P.237)

= aethiops .Hobson & Gardner. Young Naturalist (List)

Forewings deep black-brown. much blacker the an the type form, with the usual lines
scarcely marked. Described from Scotland.

aethions had the forewings black, the lines and margins of the stigaata greyish.
Certainly the name for our northern black form which Tutt called implicata Lef.

ab. grisea Hannemann. Int. Ent. Z. 1915. 9.P. 4o.

The whitish-grey tone on the forewings is wanting,the lines and stigmata are so
strongly suffused with dark grey that the wings appear almost uniformly grey,
the black markings are still quite recognisable,the fringes of the hindwings
yellowish.

ab.rectangularis Stephan. Iris 1925. 39«P. T9-20.

The forewings paler than typical, the orbicular large, the inner transverse line
indistinct but the outer one, which usually near the costal margin is only slight¬
ly bent (or curved) is in this form distinctly angled at almost 90 degrees.

Both the arrow-shap ed spots from the subterminal extend towards, and point straight
at, the point of the angLe. This is of such striking appearance that the name
rectangular is seems appropriate.

ab. pallida Spuler. Schmett. Sur. 1905. 1. p. 1 6b.

The forewings whitish without brown and the mar Icings obsolescent or suffused.

ab. roseovirgata Dannehl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 1949. 19»p. IOo.

The catered band inside the outer border of the middle field appears light rosy-
red. 'This colouring is in the form of spots here and there outside and below the
reniform. ALso the pale parts before the outer margin are lightly suffused with
rosy.

ab. ? subsp. ? nigra Metz. Int. Ent. Z. 1928. 22. p. p2.

Forewings deep black, the orbicular and reniform black ringed with white; the basal
ante and postmedian lines and the subterminal white. Hindwings deep black with
white fringes.

Possibly a local race in Germany,it is very similar to passetii Th. -Mg. but the
description seems to indicate an even blacker form, in. our northern form the
hindwings are not deep black but fuscous.

ab. semiconfluens Lempke. Tijdschr.Snt. 1939* 82 p.234 (description p. 197)
Instead of joining by their contours the reniform and orbicular are united by
a double line.

'foot. 41.

p.

Eurois occulta Linn.

continued

Noct. 42

P. I.

Euschesia Iibn. ( Erich aena )

janthina Schiff. ,'ien. Verz. 1775* P. 7s*
= purpurascena Harrison. Scot. Nat.

aberrational forms etc.

janthina Schiff. typical form - - The ground colour violet-blue, brown spotted.
= purpurascens Harrison has the ground colour purplish, he named the form under
the impression that the type form was greenish (from Esper's description) but
Schiff 's description is the earliest and was not given by Tutt.

ab. rufa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p, 92.

Differs from the purplish-red of the typical form in having the forewings
bright red.

ab. subrosea Harrison. Scot. Nat. 1937* p. 179.

Forewings pinkish-grey, sprinkled with blackish scales. The outer line is distinct
whilst the space between it and the usual position of the central shade stands
out as a darkish band, lightly suffused with rosy-grey scales. The stignata are
obsolete, but the submargianl line and the dull red costal patch are both
present. The veins , especially vein I, and those of the cell, tend to be outlined
in blaok.

ab. ronensis Harrison. Scot. Nat. I937«P. I7^»

The space between the submarginal and the outer lines, except for the reddish
costal blotch, is filled in with grey.

ab. plusioides Harrison. Scot. Nat. 1937* P» T]0.

The reniform and orbicular are well marked and filled in, except where the
latter merges into the costal grey suffusion. Its general appearance recalls
that of many British Plusias.

Presumably the stigmata are filled in with whitish.

ab.virgata Harrison. Scot. Nat. I937« p. 17^*
The median area exhibiting a black band.
Presumably on the forewings.

ab.peacocki Harrison. Scott. Nat. 1937* P* 170 • *

Forewings with blackish ground colour, the thorax and abdomen black. The grey
irrorations and markings usually found are present. .

*■ y/iz "r ' tnvs'fovrm./*? A. . AS ~ tw

sf'S &-r'p^7Q,/ tz/usc •y'X- A/ otj _

ab. latlmarginata Sober. Ent. Nachrichten 1900. p.204-.

= flavomaculata Spuler. Schraett.Eur. 1903. I.p. 14-3.

On the upperside of the hindwing only a spot of yellow remains of the normal
yellow area.

ab. obscura Culot. Noct. 1909-13. I. p. 30 pi. 3 f . 15.

Semarkable for the size of the black band on the hindwings and the large size
of the specimen. The figure shows the hindwings with a very broad band which
merges into the yellow with no clear cut line . The yellow area is split into
two parts by a black complete streak running from the band to the black of the
basal area. The forewings are also aberrant being unicolor ous purplish with a
suffusion of pale grey along the inner margin from the base, iith the exception
of the reniform and an indistinct 3ubterminal there are no markings giving a
most unusual appearance.

ab.pallida Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939. 82. p. 2p6.

The ground colour of the hindwings pale yellow in place of orange-yellow.

loot. 42.

P.2.

Eusche3i3 .janthina Schiff. continued.

ab. juncta Lempke. Tijdsehr. Ent. 1939. ®2. p. 2j>6 (description p. 197)
The contours of the reniform and orbicular join together.

ab. alba Lerapke. Ti jdschr. Ent. 1939. 82.p.2p6.

The ground colour of the hindwings white instead of orange-yellow.

Hoot. 43,

p. I.

Euschesis Hbn. (Triphaena)
sobrina 3sd.

aberrational forms etc.

sobrina Bsd. typical form - - the ground colour purplish-red.

ab. suffusa Tutt. Brit. Moot. 1892.2. p. I07.

The dullest and least strongly marked of the sobrina forms. Forewings of a
dull, dark grey colour with the slightest reddish tint. The basal area only
slightly powdered with grey, the nervures still less so; the transverse lines
indistinct, the basal lines darker, the lower part of the reniform darker, the
nervures slightly dusted with pale grey at their bases; altogether a most
unicolorous form.

ab.mista Freyer. Neu. Beitr. I845.5.P. 102 pi. 441 f. 3*

Thorax and forewings dark copper-brown. From the base to the middle of the wing
suffused with grey-blue as in rubricosa. The first broad line nearest to the
base is only weakly visible, the second beyond the reniform consists 03? black
spots on the veins, a third pale watery band runs from .just below the apex to
the inner margin; stignata paler and hardly visible.

This, from the original description, does not altogether agree with the figure.
The grey are in this figure is confined to the basal area, finishing at the
antemedian line and not to the middle of the wing as stated in the description.
There is a well-developed median shadow in the figure, not mentioned in the
description. The main character of the form wpould seem to be the blue- grey
basal area.

ab. gruneri Guenee. Hist. Nat. ( Noct. I. ) 1 852. p. 33&. ( fig. Dud. Hist. Nat.pl. 69 f. 6. )
Large. The reddish tint of the forewings is replaced by ashy-whitish slightly
tinted with rose.

Described from the Pyrenees , possibly racial, but may occur as an aberration.

ab.lapponia Freyer. TTeu. Beitr. I845. 5*p. 122 pi. 453 as lapponica.

Thorax and forewings brown-grey but suffused with ash colour for two thirds of
the wings from the base outwards; markings hardly visible, the dark stignata
almost obsolete and only marked with weak contours. The subterminal line is
Dale and watery.

The figure is quite good but the transverse lines are drawn somewhat heavily
and the pale subterminal does not show. The main character is the grey area
extending over most of the wings. Described from Lapland but may occur as an
aberration.

ab. confina Kozh. Jahrb.Martjan. Minus. Mus. 1925* 3- (I) p. 75.

Description from Seitz 3 3uppl.p.88 - "differs from typical sobrina by having
the transverse lines and stigmata finely and very distinctly indicated by
black lines.

ab. intensa Turner. Ent. Sec. 193s. 50. Suppl. p. ( 154- 155 )

Without any grey suffusion and of an intensely dark brown with a slight red
tinge. The colour is so deep that it is only with difficulty that any markings
can be traced at all. Hindwings also dark being more smoky than any other
example seen.

ft

(

Noct. 44,

o . T •

Suschesi3 Hbn.

comes Hubner. Samml.Eur. Schmett. I809-I3. pi. HI. 52I.
- pronuba-minor de V ill, I789. Linn. Ent. 2 p.279.

= melanozonias Gaelin. Linn. Syst. Nat. 1790. 4. p.2544.

There seems to be comolete confusion over the names given to this snecies a.nd
the next, orbona Hufn, , which has the black apical mark on the forewing. Tutt
calls this present species orbona Hufn. and the next one subsequa Schiff.

Turner in his Brit. Moot. changes to comes Hbn. and uses orbona Hufn. for the
next. Lempke uses subsequa Schiff. for the next and says in Tiidschr.Ent.I952
95. P« 306 that all modern continental authors who have studied this problem
are of the opinion that orbona Hufn. is the species without the dark costal
mark and wants the name subsequa Schiff. placed on the Official List as the
species with this mark. Cockayne uses comes Hbn. for the common species and
orbona for that with the apical mark and since the 3. -C. -K* collection is
arranged according to the new Edition of South's Brit. Moths (which also uses
the name comes Hbn for the common species ) Hubner 's (name with its positive
figure )will be, for the present, used, the two names pronuba-minor and melanozonias
are not used because their identity is not certain although they have priority.
See Prout's note on Synonymy in Ent. Fee. 1903. I5.P.22I

comes TIbn. typical form- Forewings without an apical spot or fleck, the ground
colour reddish-brown, not dark.

ab. adsequa Treitschke. Schmett.Eur. 1825. p.p. 256loart I)

The ground colour is pale brown with white atoms ('brownish- grey) the markings
indistinct.

ab. connuba Hubner. Saraml. Bur. Schraett. I8I9~22.pl. 148 f. 680.

= pronubina De Graaf. Sepp. I843~53. 7*P. 139. .

= iramaculata Hackray. Lamb. 1945. 45. p. 66.

The black lunular spot on the hindwings conpletely absent.

The markings of the forewings in Hubner 's figure are also vejy indistinct,
pronubina merely has different coloured forewings.

ab.prosequa Treitschke. Schmett. Eur. 1825. 5. ( I ) . p. 256.

The ground colour dark brown with white atoms, the markings distinct.

jmit the following from these notes, intern osita now a distinct species.

ab. ijiterposita" Hubner! ( non. nov. pro. subse qua Hbn. ) Beitr. Schmett. 1790.2. p. 118.

= subsequa Hubner. (nom.preoc. ) Beitr. Schmett. 1788. 1.pt. 4 p. 32.pl. 4 f.Y.

= consequa Hubner. Samml. Eur. Schmett. I800-03.pl. 23 f. 105.

The coloured figures of Hubner '3 subsequa and consequa are obviously of one and
the same insect yet Lernpke places interposita( subse qua) in one species and
consequa in the other. Both figures appear to me to be comes forms. Turner also
places subse oua (renamed interposita) under orbona Hufn. and consequa. under comes
and says that the wing shape of the subsequa is that of orbona whilst the
general shape of consequa is quite different from that of orbona. The two figures
appear to be identical, there is no sign of the apical mark, characteristic of
orbona and the pattern is altogether too heavy for that species.

‘The form is dark purplish or violet-brown with the stigmata dark brown, ringed
in very pale colour.

This dark form is quite common in comes but extremely rare in orbona, if it
occurs at all. If it were certain that it is a comes form, it would have priori^/
over Hubner 's comes.

ab. albocostata Heydemann. Ent. Z. I938»52.p. 23. pi. I f. 12.

On the costa of the forewings there is a narrow but distinct white edging,
only interrupted by the transverse lines.

ab. gredleri Hartig. Ent. Funds ch. 1924. 41. p. 45.

A striking subsequa form with the orbicular and reniform filled up with black
and the hindwings pale yellow.

By "subsequa" Hartig probably meant the figure of subsequa in Hubner 's Eur 3chm.
f. I06 which has a pale ground and pale hindwings.

-

Moot. 44,

p.2.

comes Hubner. continued

ab. pallida Tutt, Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 96.

Forewings pale grey tinted with reddish, the markings variable. The red tint
is more pronounced than in ab.adsequa Tr.

ab. grisea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p, 96.
Forewings dark stone grey.

ab. rufo-grisea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. . 2. p. 96.

Forewings dark stone grey as in grisea but lightly tinted with reddish.

ab. ochrea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2.p. 96.

Fore-wings pale ochreous or greyish-ochreous,the markings varying slightly in
intensity.

ab. rufo-ochrea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 96.
Forewings pale ochreous tinted with reddish.

ab.virescens Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 96.
Pale ochreous tinted with green.

ab. ruf escens Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2.p. 96.

Unicolorous pale red, the markings generally well developed.

ab. rufa 'Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2,p. 96.

Deep bright red or dark red.

ab. nigrescens Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 96. (fig. Entom. 22 pi. 6 f.D 2.)

Forewings black, the stignata and transverse lines of a very pale shade, showing
up conspicuously. Hindwings frequently much suffused with dark scales. . Scotland.

ab. rufo-nigr escens Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2.p. 96.
Forewings black with a distinct red costa.

ab. nigra Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892. 2. p. 98.

The most extreme raelanic form, in which the hindwings and forewings are almost
uniformly black. Scotland.

ab. virgata Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2.p. 99.

Forewings reddish-brown but with the transverse shade which is sometimes
develops in other varieties, formed into a distinct dark central band.

ab. lineata Harrison. Scot. Nat. 1937 p. 171.

Entirely black, except for clearly marked outer and submarginal lines.
Presumably more extreme than ab. nigra Tutt. The hindwings are not mentioned
but if these were also black it is assumed Harrison would have said so since
the form would be extraordinary ,wa therefore think the hindwings more or less
normal.

ab. curtisii Newman. Entomologist ' s Year Book. I87O ( see Entom. I87I. 3» p. 224)

The form is figured in Curtis Brit. Ent. I83I pi. 3^8 under the name consequa.
Curtis describes it as " 3rown,palpi reddish, crown of head pale; Forewings
comparatively short, narrow at base, considerably broader at apex, the costa
reddish; two pale strigae towards the base, an oblique oval and auriculate
stigma, with pale margins and reddish centres towards the middle, beyond which
are two pale sinuated strigae, the nervures between them pale and bearing a
row of dots as well as the posterior margin; hindwings orange, fuscous at the
base, nervures fuscous, a black fimbria, narrow at anal angle, curved above
reaching the central crescent. I. of Bute. Coat'd., or p. 3.

it

*

o o •>

comes Hbn. continued

'foot. 44.

p. 3-

ab. curtisii Newman. continued.

The typical foim is therefore brown with reddish costa, Prout makes rufo-
nigrescens Tutt a synonym but Tutt definitely states that the forewings are
black not brown so his form i3 separated here. There is a tremendous variation
in the form curtisii, Tutt and Prout have named the various degrees of shading
etc.

ab. clarki Prout.Bnt. Sec. I903-I5-P- 222. (figured Sntom.22.pl. 6 f.GI & C2. )

The Types of this form are the figures Cl & 02 on pi. 6 in Entom.22 by '' !r . J. . _
Clark, which Tutt, on p. 98 of his Brit. Noct. vol.2 ( nec.p. 97 Referred to as
curtisii. Prout’s description of clarki is - "Deep red, more or less sprinkled
with black, both on fore and hind wings

ab. bergensis Spr. -Schnaider. Berg. Mus. Aarborg. I90I.P. 155-

Dark greyish fuscous, the markings suffused. Hindwings pale yellow with wide
fascia.

I have not seen the original description, Turner says it somewhat resembles
curtisii in being dark and generally suffused but lacks the beautiful red-brown
and the colour of the forewing is not so uniform. This is a description of the
coloured figure.

ab. non-mar ginata Lucas. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1903 72 P.-402 pi. 5 f.2.

The black marginal border almost obsolete. The figure shows shows a thin dusky
line interrupted for one neural space just below the costa and then continuing
as a weak costal blotch.

ab. demar ginata Schultz. Ent. Z. 1908. 21. p. 24-6. fig.

The blacl marginal band of the hindwing almost completely obsolete. The inner
edge of the normal band shows only as a shadowy, fine, weakly marked, grey curved
line, only imperceptibly broadened at the costa and completely lost towards
the anal angle.

Very similar to the preceding but possibly more extreme.

ab. attenuata Warren. Seitz 1909- 3-P.42- (nom.nov.pro. subs e qua Haw, nec. Schiff . )
= subse qua Haworth, (nec. Schiff. ) nom. preoc. Lep. Brit. 1809* P- l6l.

The black border of the hindwing narrow and submarginal.

ab. conjuncta Warren. Seitz. 1909-3- P-42. (nom.nov. pro. subse qua Curt. nec. Schiff. )
The forewings burnt brown in colour with the stignata conjoined and the veins
pale.

ab.fumida Warren. Seitz. 1909-3- P- 42* pi. 9 How S-

Forewings dark fuscous tinged with grey; the lines and edges of the stigaata
grey, the fringes fuscous; hindwing wholly smoky orange.

The figure must be bad, the hindwings not appearing smoky.

ab. fumosa Cockayne, Ent. Bee. 1952. 64. p. 33 pl-2 f.2.

Forewings smoky-brown with the usual markings visible. Hindwings smoky-brown
with no trace of the usual orange colour, band black.

ab. citrina Cockayne. Ent. Pec. 1952. 64. p. 33-
Hindwing lemon yellow.

ab, deprivata Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1952. 64. p. 33 pi* 2 f . I.

There is no doubt in my mind that this is a form of A,baja,not comes, 'e have
the Type specimen in the R. -C. -K. collection at Tring.

Forewings brownish-fawn with the markings obsolescent. Hindwings whitish-grey
with ill-defined darker border and no lunule, closely resembling sexstrigata.

0 •» 9

o •>

o

p

Toct. 44,

p. 4.

comes Hbn. continued.

ab. albescens Cockayne. Ent.Hec. 1952. 64. p. I30-I3I pi. 5 f*. 10.

Forewings whitish-fawn with a pinkish tint; markings just visible being of the
same colour but slightly darker. Hindwings whitish with a very faint yellow
tint; the usual black hand replaced by very pale grey. A remarkable alhinistic
form.

ab. sagittif er Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1946. 58. p. 73 pi. I f. 8.

Ground colour pale brownish- grey; basal, antemedian and postmedian lines blackish
brown, the oostmedian united to the series of dots lying between it and the
subraarginal line so as to form a series of marks like arrow heads; the ante-
median is united to the black mark on the costa and to the black dots on the
median nervure and nervure 2 so as to form three loops; the orbicular and
reniform are filled in with blackish-brown.

ab. undulata Hackray. Lamb. 1945. 45. p. 66.

Hindwings with the black marginal band scalloped on its inner side throughout
its length.

ab. pallescens Cockerell. Entom. 1889.22, p. 4. (see Entom. 20. p.240. )
Hindwings creamy white.

ab. corsatra Schawerda. Iris 1926. 40. p. 150.

Forewings deep black with a touch of violet , unicolor ous and with a silky sheen
the stignata and a transverse line between the reniform and outer margin are ^
faintly outlined In a lighter colour; the basal and outer marginal areas are
slightly lighter. Hindwings unicolorous yellow, no dark dusting on the veins,
the marginal band deep black. Ilot the same as ab. nigra Tutt.

Obviously not one of the several dark curtisii forms already dealt with as
Schawerda remarks.

ab. olivacea. Turati. Atti. Soc. Ital. Sei. Nat. 1924. 63. p. 72 pi. 3 f. 18.

Forewings with a greenish,in fact olivaceous, tinge, resembling certain forms
of fimbria.

ihe figure shows a distinct greenish ground, it would come close to ab.virescens
Tutt which was ochreous with a green tinge.

Euschesis Hbn,

Moot. 4%

P. I.

orbona Hufn. Berl. Mag. Ij66. 3* P* J>04,

- subsequa Schiff. '/ien.Verz. 1775. P« 79.

= orbona Rott. Naturf . 1776. 9*P« 125.

- s arm at a Ramb. Ann, 3oc.Ent.Fr. I87O-7I.P. 313*

For the synonymy of this and the previous species see note under comes and
Rrout’ s note in Ent.Rec. 1903* I5»P*22I. on the validity of the name orbona for
this species.

aberrational forms etc.

orbona Hufn. typical form — Forewing red-brown with brown r enif o rm , hindwings
orange-yellow with black margin and black discoidal.

ab. interposita Hubner. How proved to be a separate species by Boursin.

Tliis form is placed in both species by various authors but since there is no
sign of the apical spot and the general colour is much more frequent in
comes than orbona, it is placed under comes.

ab. grisea Wahlgren. Ent. Tidskr. 1913. 34.0. I&4.

~ grisea Lenpke. Tijdschr.Snt. 1939. 82 p.258.

Forewings pure silver-grey without brown,
grisea Lempke was grey.

ab.brunnea Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939. 82. p.2p8.

Forewings puie brown.

ab.distincta Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939* 82. p.2jj8.
Forewings with distinct dark, doubled, transverse lines,

ab. maculata Lemoke. Ti jdschr. Ent. 1939* 82. p. 238.
Forewings with the reniform filled with dark.

ab. subsequa Hubner. Samml.Eur. Schmett. I800~03.pl. 23 f. 106.

This is placed as an aberration of the present species by most authors despite
the fact that it is far too pale and lacks the apical spot. It is probably a
form of comes but having no valid name need not be included in either species.

ab. nigra Pieszczek. JahresBer. Wien. Ent. Ver. 1908 (1907) I7«P. 113 pi. I f.3.
Forewings entirely black agreeing approximately with the colour of the forewings
of janthina. The stigmata are much larger than in the type, the reniform being
deep black against the general ground colour. The usually indistinct .hitish
transverse band i3 iron- grey, particularly broad, throughout the whole of the
wing. Hindwings more or less normal, the crescents more intense black.

The coloured figure shows the pale broad line between the postmedian and the
margin, which gives the insect a most unusual appearance.

ab. obscura Lempke. Ti jdschr. Ent. 1964. 107. p. 136.

Bark form with dark brown-grey to black-brown forewings.

This is the interposita of Hubner hitherto classed as an aberration of orbona
by Lempke and now separated as a different s-oecies by Boursin.

T\Toct. 46.

p. I.

Euschesis Hbn. (Triphaena)

interjecta Hbn.

aberrational forms etc.

subsp. caliginosa Schawerda, Verb. zool. -bot. Ges. Wien. 1919. ( I9I8 ) 68.p. ( 279 )f ig.
The name for the British race. According to Schawerda the typical form does
not occur in Britain. The description of the North European race,which include;

ours is- - Very dark red-brown forewings, the hindwings deep yellow with a
broad black Marginal band, twice as broad as Hubner’s type form, black basal
streaks on the costa and inner margin. The forewing outer margin is darkened.

ab. ruf a Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 91.

The forewings bright red, otherwise normal.

£

* <•

e *

.

Noct. 4-7

p.l.

Noctua

pronuba Linn.

aberrational forms etc.

pronuba Linn, typical form - - Forewings grey, variegated, costa light.
The dark forms are males, the ligirt ones females.

ab. innuba Treitschke, Schmett.Eur. 1825.5. ( I ) .p. 265.

Forewings liver-coloured (dark reddish-brown) , almost unicolorous.

ab.brunnea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. I00& 101.

Tutt's first short description is 11 red-brown" but on the next page, in his usual
contradictory manner, calls it dark reddish-brown which ’would make it the
same as innuba Tr. The first description is therefore valid - Forewings red-
brown, almost unicolorous.

ab. ochrea-brunnea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. 100. .& 101.

Red-brown, with the costa ochreous and a dark space between the stignata, the
reniform dark, the inner margin (beneath the stignata) also much marbled with
darker, the orbicular and transverse lines ochreous.

ab. grisea-brunnea Tutt. Brio, No ct. I892. 2.p. 100. &I0I.

Red-brown,with greyish costa, the orbicular and transverse lines grey instead
of ochreous, otherwise similar to the preceding.

ab. ochrea-innuba Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. 100. & 102

Black-brown with costa, transverse lines ochreous, the space between the stigmata
more intensely dark and the area beneath them more mottled.

ab. grisea- innuba Tutt. Brit, Noct. 1892. 2.p. 100-102.

Black-brown with the costa. and transverse lines grey, the space between the
stignata more intensely dark and the area beneath them more mottles.

ab. ochrea 'Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. 100 & 101.
G-reyish-ochreous, almost unicolorous.

ab.rufa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. 100 & 101.

Seddish-ocheous, almost unicolorous, some dark shading in the reniform and rather
paler orbicular.

ab. coerulescens Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 100 & 102.

Slaty-grey , almost unicolorous. The lower part of the reniform is rather darker,
the orbicular rather lighter.

ab. distincta-coerulescens Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 100 & 102.

Slaty-grey a3 in the preceding but with the reniform, the quadrate spot between
the stignata., a wedge-shaped mark beyond the orbicular and parts of the inner
margin, together with the areas between the outer margin, subterminal, and elbowed
lines, darker.

ab. immaculata Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939* 82 p.254.

The black spot on the costa of the forewings is absent.

ab. juncta Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939.82. p.254. (description p. 197 )
The contours of the reniform and orbicular join up.

o -

e

Noot. 47

p.2. pronuba Linn, continued.

ab., nigra Krausse. Arch. Naturg. 1912. ~]8 . A/. p. l68.

= nigra Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939* 82. p. 2p4.

The thorax and forewings wholly black, only a narrow pale band showing on the
front margin of the thorax. 'The two stignata of the forewing are distinct because
of their lighter colour. Abdomen dark brown.

Lempke' s nigra has the forewings black, almost unicolor ous.

ab. pallida Kaiser, Mitt. Munch. Snt. Ges. I9I9» 9.P« I4.fig.p. Ip.

Forewings glossy, pale grey colour, the silky appearance seldom seen in pronuba.
Although the forewings are pale they are not washed-out but are delicately
and clearly marked, the stignata stand out sharply and are surrounded by black
atoms. The most striking feature is the colour of the hindwings which are
wholly dull yellow with the normal black outer band replaced by pale grey like
the colour of the forewings, appearing little darker than the yellow ground,
the fringes are almost white.

e

ab. nub a Kaiser. Mitt. Mi&ich. Snt. Ges. 1919.9.^.14.

Unicolorous yellowish- grey to ochre-brown,raaridng completely washed out but
usually only the dark centre of the reniform stands out so that it appears
dark,mostly black-brown, on a paler ground colour. Hindwings as a rule less
deep yellow and the black outer band is somewhat narrower.

Turner has the wrong description for this form, he has decribed what Kaiser
gives as innuba Tr. ,a dark form,whereas nuba is the opposite, a light form.

ab.maculina Wihan. Soc.Ent. 1917. p2.p. 4.

Unicolorous dark red-brown, the reniform small, circular, pale on the dark ground,
and united by a black logitudinal streak with the orbicular.

ab. decolorata Turati. Atti. 3oc. Ital. Sci. Nat. 1923. 62. p, 49.

The hindwings not saffron yellow but of a pale muddy yellow. ‘The forewings as
if they had been washed in white.

This would seem to be a pathological form.

ab. denigrata Schultz. Snt. Z. 1908. _I. p.247.

The hindwings uniformly yellow with no black marginal band.

ab.postnigra Himex Snt, Eec. I93fi. 50. Sup pi, p. (143)

The hindwings nearly black.

ab. cricori VaUghan-Koberts^ EntASeq. I954«66.p. 98 pi. 3 f.3.

Hindwings with the ground colour almost white, the black border normal. Forewings
normal.

ab. infrapallida G. Smith. Snt. Eec. 1954. 66. p. 97. pi. 3 f . I.

Hindwings creamy white with the border pale greyish.

The Type is in the 5. -G. —K. coll, and the forewings are normal so the form is
not the same as pallida Kaiser,

ab, nivea Cockayne. Snt. Eec. 1952. 64. p. 3p. pi. 2 f . 4.

Head, thorax, abdomen and forewings whitish with a faint ochreous tint; reniform
dark externally and below, subapical mark small but black and distinct, sparse
irroration of darker and greyer scales on the forewing giving it a hoary
appearance. Hindwings whitish-orange with the usual black band replaced by pale
grey.

pronub a Linn.

continued.

Moot. 47

p.3.

ab. f umata Cockayne, Ent. .tec. 1946. p8.p. 74.

The hindwings suffused with brown, becoming yellower towards the base and inner
margin. Forewings deep blackish-brown with black markings.

ab. nigribasalis Cockayne. Ent. Fee. 1952. 64. p. 33. pi. 2 f. 5»

Forewing with the area between the basal and antemedian line heavily powdered
with black scales and with the lines themselves black; the marginal area is
dark brown and then there is a dark brown band just internal to the subterminal
line; the rest of the ground colour is paler. Hindwing normal.

ab. attenuata Cockayne. .Ent, Fee. 1952. 64. p. 33- pi. 2 f . 3.

Hindwings with the usual black band very narrow and only marked by a few black
scales between nervures 3 and 4.

The description is somewhat misleading, the narrow band is complete but fainter
between the nervures 3 and 4.

ab. hoegei Herrich- Schhf f er. rfeu. Schmett, I86l.p.25 fig. 117 118,

Hindwings showing a black spot in the centre.

The figure in our copy shows nothing of this but I have taken specimens at
Tring which show a distinct lunule.

ab. craooviensis Pruf f er. Bull. Tnt. Acad. Polon. Sci. B. I9I4.p. 197. figs.

I have not seen the original description. Seitz 3 suppl.p. 90 states that it
was obtained through the influence of chemicals and the name not justified.

ab. cinerea Lempke. Zts.Wien Ent. Ges.l943.28.p.ll.

Female iorm. Forewing almost unicol orous pale grey without yellowish or bluish
tints. An extremely rare form.

Lempke says this is the form described as typical pronuba by Tutt in Brit. Noel.

2. p. 100.

0

e

*

Noct. 48.

p. T.

Lampra Hbn.

f irabriata Sohreber.

aberrational forms etc.

firabriata Sohreber. typical form - - the ground colour greenish-pinkish or
greenish flesh-colour.

ab. fimbria Linn. Syst. Nat. 1767. 3d. I2.,p. 842.

The ground colour of the forewings light yellowish grey.

I

.1

ab. domiduca Huf nagel. Berl. Mag. 1766. 2. p. 404.

= brunnea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 92.

Vith alternate brown and darker brown. Slightly developed transverse bands.

Tutt 1 s brunnea was "mahogany-brown".

ab. brunnea-virescens Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. 93. (Hubner Eur. Schmett. fig. 55^ )
Dark red-brown, tinted with green.

ab. virescens Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2.p. 92. (Hubner Sur. Schmett, fig. 102 )
Veiy pale greyish-green with a pinkish tinge.

ab. parthenius Bergstrasser. Schrixt. Berlin. Ges. Naturf . Ere unde. I78O. I. p, 297. pi. 3
Dark greyish-green.

ab. solani Pabriciu3« Mantissa Ins. I787.P. IpO.
Dark greenish.

ab. rufa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2.p. 92.
Heddish-ochreous extending into red-brown.

ab. variegata Lenz, Osth. Sud. 3ayern. 1928. 1.p. 234.pl. 13 f. 3.

A contrastingly marked form. The marginal area whitish, the discal area dark
and the reniform very dark.

ab. obscura Lenz. Osth. Sud. Bayern. 1928. 1.p.234.pl. 13 f. I.
Specimens with dark forewings. The form runs in various colours.

ab. nigrescens Busse. Zts.-Ost. Snt, Ver. 1925. 10. p. 50.

The olive-green of the forewing has become very dark, in the most extreme examole
almost black. The markings of the basal area here and there visible through the
dark colour, on the other hand the surround of the stignata,the postmedian and
the subterminal lines remain distinct. The two pale costal areas are for the
most part visible, in the two darkest specimens only a remnant remains. Hindwings
with the hand normal but the orange-yellow is suffused with blackish, running
into a clay colour. This is the same colour as in Zollner’s fig of a. chardinyi
ab.melanos Boll, in Iris 34. pi. 2.

ab.iago Catherine. Anat. Pap. 1929* 4. p.287.

The orange-yellow colour of the hindwings replaced by a coffee-brown tint,
the forewings of the solani (olive-green) form.

ab. flava Larapke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939* 82. p. 262.

The hindwings of a clear yellow instead of orange.

0

r>

a

Moot. 48,

p.2.

fimbriata Schreber. continued,

ab. iramaculata Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939* 82. p.262.

The black mark at the top of the subterminal line just below the costa, is
comoletely absent.

ab. juncta Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939. 82. p. 262. ( description p. 197 )
The contours of the reniform and orbicular touch each other.

ab. confluens Lempke, Tijdschr. Ent. 1939* 82. p.262. (description p. 197 )

The reniform and orbicular joined forming one single spot, their boundary
absent at the point of juncture.

ab. albida Cockayne. Ent. Eec. 1932. 64. p. 34.

Hindwings with the orange replaced by very pale cream, the black marginal band
is normal. The ground colour of the thorax and forewings lacks the usual
ochreou3 or red-brown tint.

ab. inornata Cockayne. Ent. Hec. 1944. 36. p. 34.

The forewings vary from ochreous-brovm to dull reddish-brown with the markings
indistinct and the pale lines almost as dark as the ground colour so that the
wings appear to be nearly unicolorous.

o •>

o

Moot. 49,

p. I.

Gypsitea Tams

leucographa Sohiff. /uen. Vers. p. 83.

~ leucographa Hbn. Samml, Eur. Schmett. I809“I3 f. 572.

aberrational forms etc.

leucographa S'chiff. typical form - - purplish-brown, white marked,
ab.lepetitii Boisduval. leones 1834,2. pi. 83 f.2.

The figure shows the forewings dull reddish-brown with the basal line distinct,
also the postmedian line from ’which extend outwardly a row of short black stress
the reniform and orbicular are darker than the ground colour and there is a
distinct median shade; a dark thin line is also distinct preceding the fringe.

The main character would appear to be the darkened stigmata. The hindwings are
exceptionally pale, almost white which makes one wonder if the artist was not ,
very particular about detail.

ab. amicta Donz el. Ann. 3oc.Ent.Pr. I847. 5.P.527 pi. 8 f.3. (now placed under faceta)
Forewings smoky brown with the stignata little marked, the transverse lines not
clear, except a dark shade preceding the fringe. Hindwings smoky reddish- grey.

The figure shows a melanic example, almost black-brown, the stigmata and subter¬
minal shade somewhat lighter. The hindwings extremely dark except for a paler
area near the base. Although it looks like leucographa

Seitz in vol.3 3uppl»p.25I places this form under G. faceta Tr. [see tenebricosa)

ab. suffusa Tutt, Brit. Moot. 1892". 2. p, 130.

The dark central shade spread over and intensifying the colour of the forewings
making them deep blackish-red, the stigmata varying in their development, some
having them as yellow as the typical form, others obsolete as in lepetitii.

Tutt says he ’would include all dark forms under this name but those without
yellow stignata would come under the preceding amicta which 'Tutt did not include,
Seitz in vol.3 Suppl. places amicta Donz. under G. faceta Tr.and Hebei has named
the melanic form in leucographa - ab. tenebricosa (see below)

ab. ruf a Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 130.

The ground colour bright red, of a much paler tint than the typical form. The
stignata are generally well marked, distinct and ochreous in colour.

ab. tenebricosa Hebei. Serge's Schmett. 1 910. p. I' 76.

Since most authors now accept Huigeler's determination of amicta Donz. as a
synonym of C. faceta Tr. Hebei has renamed the melainic form of leucographa
as tenebricosa. 'The description is -Deep brown-red with almost markingless
forewings and much darkened hindwings.

ab. grisea Foltin. Zts. /ion lint. Ver. 1942. 27. p. 26.

The reddish-brown ground colour replaced by grey-brown.

0 0

Moot. 50

p. I.

Cerastis Ochs

rubricosa F.

aberrational forms etc.

rubricosa F. typical form - - the ground colour dark reddish-brown.

ab.mucida Bsper. Bur. ochmett. 1790. 4.p. 482.pl. 148 f. 4.

The ground colour dark reddish-brown, towards the outer and costal margins
a reddish-grey or violet- grey suffusion, a subterminal shade of reddish-grey.
The description is far from clear. The figure shows a dark jpurplish-bro ;n
ground with violet grey costa and subterminal shade very conspicuous and pale.

ab.pilicornis Brahm. Insektenkalender 1791* 2. p. 193* The ground colour

The ground colour ashy- grey with a reddish tinge, the transverse lines distinct.

ab.rufa Haworth, Lep. Brit. 1809. P. 232.

The ground colour red, the markings obsolescent.

ab.mista Hubner. Samml. Bur. Schmett. 1809“ I3» pi. 109 f*509.

The ground colour reddish-brown, the costa and transverse lines slaty-grey and
standing out conspicuously.

ab. pallida Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 13I.

‘The ground colour pale greyish-red, being much whiter in appearance than the
strongly coloured rufa Haworth. The form must be looked upon as a very pale
development of ab.pilicornis Brahm.

I

o

I

TToct. 51.

p. I.

Naenia Stephens

typica Linn. Syst. Wat. 1758. Ed. 10. p. 518.

= excusa Esper. Bur. Schmett. 1790 ?. 4 (2)p. 70 pi. 197 f.I.
-= venosa Hubner. Samml.Eur. Schmett. 1800-03. pi. 13 f.6l.

aberrational forms etc.

ab. claricolor Schawerda. Zts. Ost.Bnt. Ver. 1928. 13. p. Io4.

Forewings strikingly paled, without black-brown colour, instead the ground colour
is ochre-yellow. Only the triangular spot at the base, the small area surrounding
the stignata and before the apex remain dark. Veins, transverse lines and
contours of the stigmata are stronger pale yellow. Hindwings lighter than in
the typical form.

ab. contaminatoides Schawerda. Zts. Ost.Bnt. Ver. 1928. 13. p. 105*

The opposite to the preceding claricolor. Much darker than the typical form,
the veins and transverse lines visible but not pale. The whole of the forewing
unicolorous brown with visible markings and the usual blackish areas to the
right and left of the reniforra and premarginal spots before the apex. The
stignata are finely outlined in yellow. The form appears to be very similar
to N.contaminat a Walker, from which it differs by the yellow outlined stignata.

ab. obscura Spuler. Schmett. Bur. 1906. 1. p. 212.

ab. brunnea Tutt. Brit. Moot. I892. 2. p. 41.

The ground colour deep ochreous-brown with rather paler ochreous longitudinal
nervures,thus making the specimens of a more generally unicolorous appearance
owing to the near approach of the ground colour to that of these lines.

ab. alb if us a Cockayne. Ent. Pec. 1942. 54. p. 34 pi. 2 f . 10.

There is a great increase in the white in the median band , external to the ante-
median and internal to the postmedian from nervure 4 to the inner margin,
where these two white stripes unite, and also along the costa; in other respects
the moth is normal.

ab. semiconfluens Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939. 82. p. 233 (description p. 197 )
Instead of joining the stignata are united hy a double line.

ab. clausa Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939* 82. p.233 (description p. 197)

'The first and second transverse lines of the forewing join on the inner margin.

ab. brevipennis Cockayne. Ent.Hec. 1952. 64. p, 34. (fig’d Barrett pi. 2T] f. Id)

Pore and hindwings very short and broad, ’.with much increased convexity of the
termen.

Noct. 52

p. I.

Anarta Tr

myrtilli Linn.

aberrational forms etc.

myrtilli Linn, typical form - - the ground colour dark blackish or purple red.
ab.rufescens Putt, Brit. Noct. 1892. 3. p. 129.

The ground colour much redder than the type with the wings much more variogatsc
with white markings. The common form in the south of England.

ab. anglica Oberthur-Gulot. Woct.2. 1913“ 17* P» 126.

Culot says more unicolorous, brown-red, possibly the same as the type form. The 1
white marking’s narrowed, only the white spot stands out well.

Apparently described as the English; race but is not constant. It may be used
for specimens with the white markings less apparent but most authors make it
a synonym of the type, the ground colour however is not of the type form.

ab. lugens Oberthur-Gulot, Noct. 2. 19I3-I7.P. 126.

The yellow basal part of the hindwings very reduced. Forewings normal.

ab. virginal is Ob erthur-Culot. Moot. 2. 19I3“T7» p* 12.6. pi. 63 f . 4.
The basal half of the hindwings is pure white.

ab. peraibata Warren. Seitz. I9II, 3» P. 2p2.pl. 50 row B.

The white lines of the forewing strongly developed and the central area is
milk-white from the costa to the inner margin, including the white blotch on
vein 2. Hindwing with more ample yellow area.

ab. alpina Eaetzer. Mitt. Schweiz Ent. Ges. 18 90. 8. p.224. (Frey’s L-p. Schweiz p.I/3
The forewings dark chocolate-brown without paler mixture.

Eaetzar was naming the form described by Frey in his Lep. der Schweiz in I860.

ab.oliva.cea Fuchs.

Warren in Seitz 3 p.2^2 says the yellow of the hindwing is suffused with
olive-brown. Forewings normal,

ab. snelleni Rebel. Serge’s Schmett. 19 10 p.263.

Hindwings completely black.

ab. nigrescens Warren. Seitz. I9II. 3* P« 2^2.

The usual red suffusion is almost entirely replaced by black.

ab. medio sanguinea Heydemann. Int. Ent. Z. 1929. 22. p. 427. fig. 3.

The whole of the central area is devoid of all white marking and is of a deep
and uniform blood-red tone, only the two containing lines are white. All other
white and yellowish markings are obliterate! by red so that only the four
white transverse lines remain on the red ground.

ab. sulphur escens Heydemann. Int. Ent. Z.I929. (March) . 22. p. 427 pi, f. 6-8.

- ochrea Debauche. Lamb. 1929. 29. p. 66.

All red and olive-yellow replaced by sulphur-yellow. The black ground of the
forewing is heavily sprinkled with sulphur-yellow scales, which in the basal
area becomes pale golden-yellow. The central spot is reduced but still white,
the bordering’ lines of the central area are black, finely white-edged, as is
also the contour of the reniform which is filled with yellowish. The veins in

the marginal area afid. also the subterminal line are white. Hindving with the
usual yellow area reduced by the broadened black margin..

3 0 no

Noot.52

"0.2,

myrtilli Linn, continued

ab. albirena Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1899. p. 163.

Haworth refers to Hubner's fig. 99 which is a cordigera but Ha orth’s specimen
was certainly myrtilli 3ince it came from Norfolk and under present rules
regarding aberrations the name can stand as a form of myrtilli.

Forewings fuscous, with small pear-shaped spot in place of the foremost stigma,
also wavy striae behind, all white. The fringes dotted /ith fuscous. Hindwings
almost as in the preceding (myrtilli) but the black marginal broder a little
narrower.

The form then lacks the red tint normally found in English specimens.

ab. nordstroemi Dahl. Ent. Tidskr. 1930. JI,p,25I pi. I f. 3.

Tie central part of the forewings very dark and showing no trace of the normal
white spot. Tie inner transverse line is darkened and invisible, the outer one
and the subterminal on the contrary are clear. Resembles ab. mediosanguinea Hdrn.
but .goes a step further in a melanic direction.

ab. fagnouli G-uth Arch.f. Ins.Oberrhein 1928. 2. 0. 2pl.

Regarded as a synonym of the type by most authors. T have not seen the original
description.

'foot. 53

p. I.

Anarta Tr.

cordigera Thnbg. Mus. TJat. Ups.Diss. 1788.P. ~]2 pi. f. 4
= albirena Hubner. laxrml, Hur. Schmett. 1800-03 f.99»

aberrational forms etc.

ab. aethiops Hoffmann. Stett. Ent. Ztg; 1893. 54. p. 128.

Differ from typical form by their deep black colour. Taken in N. Finland and
Shetland.

The description is vague, presumably the whitish variegation is absent leaving
the wings black except for the white reniform. I have not seen a specimen from
Shetland.

ab. carbonaria Christoph. Iris 1893. 6. p. 92.

Forewings almost completely black, the reniform 3pot narrower. Hindwings with
the black border narrower.

Possibly the same as the preceding which has too vague a description to be
certain, it is separated because the reniform is narrower, also the hindwing
marginal band, both rather feeble characters.

ab. suffusa Titt. Brit. Toct. 1892. 3»P. 130*

A very rare form with the basal area, central band and space between the
angulated and subterminal lines continuously black, leaving only the extreme
hind mar’gin (outside the subterminal) whitish.

ab. aureola Stichel. Berl.Ent. 3.(1908} 1909. 53. P. 107.

A specimen of ab. suffusa Tutt in which the reniform is ochre-yellow instead of
white.

Stichel refers to the specimen mentioned by Tutt in Brit. rfoct. 3-P. I29“30

ab. variegata Tutt. Brit. loot. 1892. 3.P. 130.

With the central band of the forewing broken by a transverse ashy fascia between
the 3tignata, giving the insect the appearance of being grey, with a black trans¬
verse fascia between the angulated and subterminal lines and another down the
basal line.

~

r

Anarta Q’cftS-

I'Toct. 54,

p. I.

melano-oa Thnbg.
= alpicola Quens.
= vidua Hubner.

= vidua Prayer.

Diss. Ent. Cyst. 1791. (2 ) . p. 42.

Acerbi. 1802. 2. p.253 pi. I f. 5-6.

Samml. Eur. Schmett. 1808. f . 403.

Neu Beitr. 1842. 4. p. 36 pl.3II f.2 (nee. 3)

aberrational forms etc.

melanopa Thnbg. typical fonn - Grey irrorated forewings, distinct white hind-
wings with black marginal band and lunule.

ab. brunnea Hobson. Young Nat. 1888. 9.p. 123.

A browner form with four dark bands and the veins showing lighter.

ab.wistromi Lampa. Ent. Tidskr.I885.6.p. 8T.

The forewings much darker inclining to yellowish-brown, the markings rather
coarse and in places running together. The underside with broad black border on
outer edge as is the case with the hindwings upper and underside.

ab. rupestralis Hubner. Samml. Eur. Schmett. (Pyralides ) 1803 ?. pi. 21 f. I38.

= tristis Hubner. Samml. Eur. Schmett. (Noctuae) I808-09.pl. 95 f. 446,

= rupestris Hubner. Saraml. Bur. Schmett. (Noctuae ) I8I8-i9.pl. 141 f. b44.

The hindwings completely suffused with greyish-brown obliterating all white.
The forewings in the figure also appear darker, no pale areas showing.

vidua Freyer. ab. Neu. Beitr. 1842. 4. p. 37 pl.3H f. 3 (nec.2)

Under the name vidua Hubner, Prey er gives two figure^ the first fig. 2 obviously
meant to represent Hubner* s vidua. The second figure P.3 is of a striking
aberration. Many authors call the aberration "vidua" Freyer but obviously it
has no name, Freyer *s vidua being the same as Hubner *s since he quotes Hubner *s
fig. 403, this is much darker than Freyer *s coloured figure but artist in those
days were not too particular about shades of colour, it varies quite a lot in
different copies.

ab. clara Cockayne. Ent. Rec. 1952.64. p. 34 pi. 2 f.6.

Ground colour of the forewing grey; the basal, ante and postmedian lines are
distinct and the subterminal normal; a dark median shade runs through the
reniform;the area between the antemedian line and the median shade is free
from markings and the orbicular indistinct so that a broad clear band of grey
crosses the wing.

ab. pura Cockayne. Ent. Rec. 1952. 64. p. 34.

Forewing with the ante and postmedian lines distinct, the subterminal line
present, but the median shade is absent so that the dark stigaata stand out
clearly in the grey median area.

ab. striata Cockayne. Ent. Rec. 1952. 64. p. 34 pi. 2 f . 7.

Three broad dark lines run across the middle of the forewing, the first just
proximal to the orbicular , the second through the orbicular, and the third and
outermost through the reniform. The second and third appeal' to be median and
postmedian lines shifted towards the base. The subterminal is distinct and
from it three dark streaks run inwards to the postmedian, one on the costa,
one between nervures 4 and 6, and one along nervure 2 and the space between 2
and 3; the last two are wedge-shaped.

<1

TToct. 55

p. I.

Marne stra Ochs

brassicae Linn.

aberrational forms etc.

ab. albidilinea Haworth. Lep. Brit. I809.O.I9I.

The forewings blackish with a whitish subterminal line.

ab.albicolon Stephens. Ill. Haust. 1829.2 p. 195 pi. 24 f. 3. not valid.

This name has crept into the literature through Tutt’s remarks in Brit. Hoct. I.
p. 114 where for some obscure reason he includes it in M. brassicae as an aberr¬
ation. Stephens gives an excellent figure of the insect which is clearly
the species albicolon Hbn. On top of this Tutt includes the same insect in
albicolon and says our British specimens are usually of this form, 'arren has
copied Tutt and placed albicolon Stephens under brassicae making it a synonym
of the 'Type form and then also included it in the species albicolon.(Seitz 3
p. 67 & 83 ) The name is not valid.

ab. scotochroma Sober. Iris 1888. 1.p.34Qpl. 12 f . 13.

Distinguised by the almost complete absence of the golden sheen usually found
along the inner margin near the base of the forewing and and along the
subterminal line of which only a few rudimentary traces remain, thus a much
darker ground colour prevails. Hindwings approaching the colour of the forewings
much darker than in normal brassicae.

ab. decolorata Staudinger. Stett. Ent. Zt. 1889. pO.'o. 84.

Very much paler and more obsoletely marked than typical brassicae. Near to
andalusica St.gr. but the latter is of a peculiar whit ish- grey , in no way yellow
or light brown-grey. The transverse lines are more or less rudimentary and
other markings almost lost. Hindwings also lighter.

ab. ochracea Tutt. Entom. 1889.22. p.251.

Tutt's description of this form is confusing. He first says it is the fig. d. of
Engramelle 456. and then gives the description of Hubner 's figure in Saraml.Eur.
Schmett.f, 88 a3 follows - - "interior wings oale ochreous with darker fuscous
shades, all the characteristic lines and markings of brassicae of a pale
whitish ochreous. Hindwings grey, margin darker than the base, lunula distinct,"
He then goes on to describe the form from Amur land already named by Staudinger
as decolorata because Mr.Dobrie says they agree with with Hubner's figure 9abd
later says his ochracea is a synonym of decolorata. , see Brit. TToct. 4. p. 107.

In my opinion the forms are not the same, the Ajnurland form described by
Staudinger does not agree at all with the rich ochreous form figured in Hubner,
ochracea Tutt therefore is separated here, its description being that of fig. 88
in Hubner. In our copy the ground colour is hardly "pale" ochreous, it is rich.

ab, andalusica Staudinger. Gat. Ed. 2. I87i.r-.9O.
Pale, rather unicolor ous.

Later, in Stett. Ent. Zt. 50. p. 34 Staudinger says
grey, in no way yellow or light brown-grey.
Seitz says the form is not racial but occurs
intermediate forms.

these are of a peculier whitish- .
in many places in S, Europe with

ab. straminea Failla. Tat. Sic. 1890. 10. p. 30.pl. I.f. 5.

Distinguised chiefly by its general tone of pale straw-yellow , by the usual lines
being well marked in black and by the stigmata of a deep yellow colour, as is
also the anteaarginal fascia. The hindwings a 3 well as the 'whole of the body,
are of the same pale straw yellow.

* ^

0

* • 0 ■>

brassicae Linn, continued.

TToct. 55.

p.2.

ab. unicolor Tutt. Entom. 1889. 22. p. 25 1.

Forewings dull blackish- grey with the subterminal line almost obsolete, the
markings blending with the dark ground colour, give it a very unicolorous
aopearance. The outer edge of the reniform is white as in the typical form.

ab.nauper. Leraoke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1940. 83.P.243.

Forewings unicolorouslv brown, orbicular and reniform stigmata. feebly indicated,
for the rest without any trace of markings.

The form must be very near to the preceding ,the markings would appear to be
even less apparent and the ground colour bown,not blackish- grey.

ab. concolor Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1944. 56. p. 54.

The ground colour brown, the usual dark markings are present hut the subterminal
line, the reniform and line around it, and all the eater areas present in the
normal form are brown like the ground colour. The basal part of the hindwing
is darker than usual and the white mark at the anal angle is absent. The brown
has a slight coppery gloss. The form is different from ab. scot o chroma Sob.
which has a thin white subterminal and white scales at the reniform, and from
ab. unicolor Tutt which i3 black with a white reniform.

ab. diffluens Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1952. o4.p. 35 •

Forewing with the basal line present but all the other transverse markings
absent; The stigmata and pale submaginal line are normal. Hindwing normal.

Noct. %,

P.I.

Melanchra Hbn,

persicariae Linn*

Turner in his Brit. Pfoct.p. (272 ) gives sambuci Hufn. Berl. 'tag. I77&.3. p. 308 as a
synonym of the type.

ab. unicolor Staudinger, Gat, Ed. 2. 1 87 1. p, 91.

Forewings without the white central spot.

This was called accipitrina Esper by the older authors but Sspers figure is now
considered to be the species Dryobotes accipitrina, Staudinger therefore gave
a name to this form without the characteristic white spot.

ab, accipitrina Esper. see the preceding unicolor Stgr.

ab. ochrorensis Kardakoff, Ent. Hitt. 1928. 17 p. 419 pl*9 f,2.
The reniform golden yellow instead of white.

ab.badia Lerapke. Tijdschr.Ent, 1940. 83. p. 242.

Ground colour of the f orewings dark red- brown, sub terminal line yellow-brown.

ab. leucopter a Schwingenschuss. It. /ien. Ent, Ges. 1974, 39. P* 1 77
The hindwings pur white.

root. 57.

p. T.

Folia Ochs

-h ep arfeica— xS.-erek.-
= tine t a 3r .fnm.

trimaculosa Step.

= argentina Haworth.

/^co -fri ■ 1 '

aberrational forms etc.

ab. suffu3a 'Putt* Brit, 1 Toct. 1892. 3 p. 70*

On the forewing the whole area between the basal and angulated lines is deeply
suffused with dark purplish, the suffusion extending below the stigmata almost
to the inner margin. Hindwing normal.

ab. semiconfluens Lemoke. fijdschr.Snt. 1940. Sp.p. 2411 description vol. 82 p. I57)
Instead of actually joining the stigmata are united by a double line.

ab. juncta Lempke. Tijdschr, :int. 1940. 83. p. 241. (description vol. 82. p, 197 )

The contours of the reniform and orbicular stigmata join up.

TToct. 58

p. I.

Polia Och,

nitens Haworth. Lep, Brit. I809.p. 188.
advena Fab. (nom.preoc. ) Mantissa 1787.2. p. 183.

= advena auct.

aberrational forms etc.

ab. unicolor,. Tutt. Brit. Hoct. 1892. 3*p. 71*

The oale glaucous colour on the forewing is completely absent, leaving it
unicolorous dark reddish, slightly grey, with the stignata and transverse lines
almost obsolete and of the subterminal line only the mark near the anal angle
is noticeable.

ab. flavescens Spuler. Schmett.Eur. 1905. I.p. 168.

Forewings pale yellow-brown.

ab. 3cota.ea Draudt. Seitz 1934. 3 Suppl.p. 108.

A remarkable large dusky aberration which is quite grey-black, in consequence
of this dense dark suffusion the markings are scarcely discernible.

ab, sylvatica Bellier.

Turner for some extraordinary reason includes this form of Crino adusta in
his variation of nitens ( advena ). The coloured figure is excellent and does
not in any way resemble this species.

'

• «

.

*

Noot. 59'

p. I.

Polia Ochs.

nebulosa Hufn.

= thapsi Brahm. Kalend. I791. 2.p. I35>533*

= plebe.ja Hubner. Saranl.Eur. Schmett. I800-03.f.7S.
= grandis Donovan. Brit. Ins. 1801. 10.pl. 345 f* . I.

= grandis Haworth. Lep. Brit. I809.p. 185 .

aberrational forms etc.

nebulosa Hufn. typical form - - forewings whitish-grey with the markings
distinct or brownish-grey with whitish-grey spots.

ab. pallida Putt. Brit. Noct, 1892. 3« P* 68.
White with almost obsolete markings.

ab.plumbosa Mansbridge. Bntom. 1917* 50. p. 49.

Forewings leaden-grey to fuscous-grey; stigmata faintly outlined in white and
exteriorly with black, transverse lines faintly white posteriorly black, interr¬
upted^ series of sroall black acute tooth-shaped marks representing the
subterminal; on the teraen a series of black lunules and dots; the veins in the
subterrainal region black; hindwings uniformly dark grey, the veins darker than
the ground.

ab. bimaculosa Bsper. Eur. Schmett. I788. 4.p. 403 pi. 13^ 1*. I~2.

The description says ash-grey,sometimes more whitish, sometimes brownish, the
markings distinct.

The two figures are very bad, the second one with aberrant markings; the colour
is dark brown far darker than the impression given in the description.

The form is generally accepted as being rather dark grey.

ab. conspicua Warren. Seitz 1909. 3«P« 78»

Pale brownish- grey with the submarginal line conspicuously black and continues
throughout its length. The underside with the extreme outer margin and fringe
prominently pale ochreous.

ab.calabrica Warren. Seitz. 1909. 3«P» 78»

This appears to be a local race and not an aberration. A series from Calabria
in the Tring Museum are all of this form, it would be best regarded as an
Italian form and not a British aberration.

ab. albilinea Lerapke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1940.83 p.240.

Fore wings unicolorously dark grey, with clear markings and sharply contrasting
white inner and outer lines.

ab. robsoni Collins. Ent. Hec. 18-91. 2. p.264.

The first description of this form was merely "five melanic forms from
Delamere" exhibited at a meeting of the Lancs. St Cheshire Ent. Soc. This unsatis¬
factory note has given rise to much argument as to whether or not it is the
3ame as the following ab.thompsoni Arkle. Arkle himself says after his descrip¬
tion of thompsoni that robsoni is very different and lacks the white markings
and decorations. Tutt in his description of robsoni Collins does not mention
the extreme white fringes which are characteristic of thompsoni.

It is now generally accepted that robsoni Collins is the heterozygote and

thompsoni the homozygote of the 3ame melanic form, robsoni is black-brown
with the stignata somewhat paler as is the subterminal line, the fringes are

whitish-grey with a row of tiny black dots preceding them, these black dots
are not present in thompsoni.

.

-

-

.

Li

Noot. 59,

p-2.

nebulosa Hufn. continued

ab. thompsoni arkle. 3nt. Mon. Mag. 1904. 40. p. 180.

The forewing3 are black. The 3 tigmata appear faintly as smoky black markings,
paler than the rest of the wing. The outer margins are white, and include, in
addition to the cilia, the areas of the black cescentic spots found in the
typical form occurring in Delamere Forest. The white margins are consequently
scalloped interiorly. On the costal margin are three white spots near the apex.
Hindwings with outer margins white a3 in the f or swings, otherwise smoky black
paler towards the base, the nervures black.

This is the homozygous form of robsoni Collins the preceding.

? ab. suffusa Klein, in Turner Brit. Noct. (Snt. Fee, 56 Suppl.p. (l6o) is nubeculosa
not nebulosa.

Noct. Go

p. I.

Pachetra Gn,

3agittigera Hufn.
aberrational forms etc.

sagittigera

3ub3p.britannica Turner. Ent. Sec. I933» 45. Supol.p. (284)

The white ground colour appears to be more especially visible in our native
specimens, those from abroad having the ground colour much tinged with pale
umbreous or smoky-brown.

The typical form, with its various colour variations, does not occur in England.

ab.diluta Sebel. Serge's Schmett. I9I0.P. 178.

Much paler than typical, the forewings white-grey with obsolescent dark markings,
only the claviform stigna is dark, gene rally also the marginal area, after the
sub terminal line.

ab. brunnea Sebel. Berge ' s Schmett. 1910. p. 178.

Porewing almost unicolorous brown,mostly with the orbicular and reniform
stigmata ringed with white.

ab. quadrimaculata Kujau. Int. Ent. 2. 1918. 12. p. 105.

A deep black large quadrate spot below the two stigmata and with a paler ground
colour than normal.

ab. extrema Lempke. Ti jdschr. Ent, 1940. 83. p. 223.

Porewing3 unicolorou3l;y white with complete sharply contrasting dark markins.
This is the extremeform of our English race.

ab. conjuncta Hirschke. Verb. Ges. Wien. 1910. 6o.p. 416.

Prom the lower margin of the reniform runs a broad white streak to the lower
part of the orbicular /making a complete junction of the two stigmata.

ab.raelaena Hartv/ieg. Ent, 2. T9I3»26.p. I87.

= nigra Wagner. Int. Ent. Z. 1931. 2 4. p. 476.

On the forewing all the white and pale markings are absent; the orbicular,
reniform and claviform are covered over with the same dark colour as the rest
of the wing and have, instead of a white or pale surround, a black one.

Wagner's nigra was almost uniformly dark ( blackish ) grey.

¥

Noot. 6 1,

p. I.

Diataraxia Hbn,

oleracea Linn.

= spinaciae Borlch.

olaracea Linn, typical form - - Forewing3 dark red-brown.

ab. ruf a Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 3. p. 89.

Forewings bright red-brown without the dark fuscous shading of the type. The
stigmata generally well-marked, the subterminal distinct. Hindwings , too, rather
paler.

.5

ab. obscura Spuler. Schmett. Eur. 1905. 1.p. 170.
Forewings blackish red-brown.

ab. obsoleta Lambillion, Gat. Lep. Belg. 1913. p. 4-55.

The orbicular and reniform of the same colour as the ground colour.

ab. brunneomaculata Heinrich. Deutsch.Ent. 2. ( 1916) I9I7*P»5^4.
The yellow centre of the reniform is suffused with brown.

ab. albomaculata Lsrapke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1940. 83. p. 228.

The orbicular 3tigna wholly filled with white, sharply contrasting,

ab. essoni Hampson. Trans. Ent. Soc.Lond. I909.P. 46l.pl. Io.

Pore-Ting fle3h-pink tinged with brown, the costal area suffused with grey-white
leaving the costal edge pinkish, the veins streaked with grey-white, the terminal
area whitish with pinkish patches in the inter-spaces, especially towards apex;
traces of a waved brown sub-basal line from costa to submedian fold; antemedial
line blackish at costa then indistinct, brown, oblique, sinuous, claviform small,
blackish filled in with grey 3cale3; orbicular and reniform grey-white defined
by blackish, incompletely above and below, the former small, round , the latter
somewhat quadrate and some flesh-colour in its upper part; traces of a sinuous
dark medial line oblique from costa to reniform and inwardly oblique from
lower angle of cell to inner margin; postmedial line blackish, bent outwards
below costa, then obsolescent, dentate and produced to short blacl streaks on the
veins, excurved to vein 4, then oblique; subterminal line whitish, obsolescent
towards costa and dentate to termen at veins 4-3, some dark suffusion before it;
Cilia pink with slight whitish line at middle and whitish tips. Hindwing ochre-
ous white with a slight fuscous tinge at upper angle of cell, short postmedial
black streaks on veins 7“2,and a fuscous tinge on 3ubterminal area between
veins 4 and 2; Cilia tinged with reddish-ochreous except at tips. Scotland.
Described as a new species by Hampson but has been determined by Tams as an
aberration of oleracea.

ab.rainor Dufrane. Lamb. 1932.32. p. 81.

Typical but very small, 32 mm.

ab. nana Dufrane. Lamb. 1932. 32.p. 81.

Similar in size to the preceding minor, 32 mm. , but blackish red-brown, the colour
of ab. obscura Spuler.

ab. minus cula Dufrane. Lamb. 1932. 32. p. 81.

Similar in size to ab. minor, 32 mm. , but in coloration as in ab. obsoleta Lamb.,
which has the stignata of the same colour as the ground.

.

t •

.

Noct. 62

p. I.

Geraraica Gn,

pisi Linn.

aberrational forms etc.

pisi Linn, typical form - - red -brown, mot tied grey, distinct markings.

ab. 3plendens Stephens. HI. Haust. 1829. 2. p. I92.

Forewings rufous-brown with three darker transverse strigae,the exterior one .s
terminated by an interrupted white line; the stignata rather small pale reddish-
ash, the anterior one immaculate, the posterior with dusky clouds. Hindwings
ochreous-ash,with the margin and an interrupted transverse striga, central lunuLe
and nervures dusky.

The form would appear to be almost unicolorous rufous-brown except for the white
3 ub terminal.

ab.3plendida Robson. Young Nat. 1888. 9. p. 122.

= di3tincta-rufa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 3. p. (i.

A very richly coloured and well-marked specimen of the red form is called
splendida by l£r. Gregson.

Tutt gives this quotation but proceeds to give the form another name,
ab. rufa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 3. p. 9 I.

Forewing3 of a bright red, sometimes tinted strongly with ochreous,the stignata,
central shade etc. ,more or less obsolete, the whole insect being almost unicolo**-
ou3 except the pale and distinct subterminal line.

ab. pallida Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1 892. 3. p. 91.

Forewings pale grey, with a reddish tinge, the transverse markings distinct, the
sub terminal pale and showing a tendency to blend with the ground colour.

ab. scotica Tutt, Brit. Noct. 1892. 3»p. 91. 92.

Purplish-red or brown, the markings obsolete except the subterminal.

Not confined to Scotland but Tutt says the form is not found in the south.

ab. distincta-scotica Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892. 3.p. 91. 92
Purplish-red or brown, the markings distinct.

ab. 3uffusa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 3.p. 91. 92.

Suffused blackish. The red colour entirely lost in a suffusion of melanic
scales, the ordinary markings appearing 3till darker than the ground colour.

ab.aestiva Rothke. Ins. Borse. 1902. 19.p. Io4.

In general darker than typical, the red-brown of the forewings almost wholly
obsolescent which makes the ground colour a dull brown, the rest of the tones
of colour are duller and darker. The subterrainal line is obsolescent except
the anal angle blotch which i3 smaller but sharp. Hindwings duller and darker.
There is no violet shimmer either in these dark examples.

ab. striata Cockayne. Ent. Rec. 1939. 51. p. 5.

Forewings light red-brown with the dark markings nearly obsolete; interneural
spaces ochreou3 almost to the terraen contrasting with the dark nervures;
ochreous subterminal line, and mark at anal angle distinct; hindwings much paler
than usual with dark nervures, the outer part of the interneural spaces pale
ochreous forming a border 2 mm. wide.

*

Noct. 62.

p.2.

pisi Linn,

continued

ab.pulchra Cockayne. Ent. Kec. 1946. 58«P. 74-

Porewing from base to the central fa3cia the ground colour is pinkish-white
crossed by the purplish-red basal and anteraedian lines which are united by
the longitudinal lines of the 3arae colour running along the co 3 ta, median
nervure and inner margin; the orbicular and all other markings are absent; the
purplish-red median fascia i3 quite straight and distinct, the position of the
reniform is 3hown only by the dark line forming its external border and this
i3 continuous with the inner part of the postmedian line. The rest of the wing
is normal. The two clear transverse bands of pinkish-white and the absence of
stignata and secondary markings make it a very remarkable and beautiful
aberration.

ab. kanei Donovan. Cat.Macrolep. Ireland. 193&.p. 5>
Forewing3 pure brown , without any red.

, , .

Had a Billberg,

Noct. 63.

p. I.

nana Hufn.

= dentina Schiff.
= plebeia Haworth.

aberrational forms etc.

ab. leucostigna Haworth. Lap. 3rit. 1809. p. 198.

Forewings greyish-white. Like the typical form as it agrees with it in almost
everything except being much lighter coloured, and in being fulvous or subfulvous
or rusty-flavous in every part where the typical form is brown or black.

ab.hilaris Zetterstedt. Ins. Lapp. 1839* P *938.

Greyish-white like the preceding, markings pale but the bifid spot wholly
confluent with the anterior stigna,both forming one larger angulated spot with
a bifid extension.

ab. leucostigna-obsoleta Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892. 3. 0. 81.

- cane3cens Schawerda. Zts.03t.3nt.Ver. I938.23.p.26.

The ground colour as in leucostigna Haw. ( greyish-white ) but more unicolorous; the
dark parts of the wing round the 3tignata etc. absent.

ab. obsoleta Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892. 3*p. 81.

Of the same ashy-grey ground of the typical form but without the darker markings
round the stignata,the whole wing being comparatively unicolorous.

nana Hufn. - - typical form- -Ground colour of the forewings grey with darker
median area.

ab. ochrea Tutt. Brit. Dfoct. 18 92. 3.P. 81.

Hie ground colour ochreous-grey,sorae specimens becoming of quite a brownish tint
with the yellow markings sharply defined.

ab. ochrea-obsoleta Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892, 3.p. 81.

The ground colour greyish-ochreous as in the preceding but more unicolorous, the
dark parts of the wing uniform with the ground, the whole wing almost uniformly
ochreous.

ab.br unnescens Schawerda. Zts.0st.3nt.Ver, 1938. 23. p. 26.

The ground colour of the forewings brown, with no pale areas.

ab.proxima Freyer. Neu. Beitr. 1831.2. p. I5.pl. 104 f.2.

There is little or no description. The figure shows the forewings rather dark
grey and also the usual double-tooth mark beneath the orbicular , the median area
where this is normally situated being black. The sub terminal is whitish and stands
out as the only light feature on the dark ground.

ab. latenai Pier ret. Ann. 3oc.3nt. Fr. 1837* p. TJJ.pl. 8 f. 3.

Wings dusky grey with a slight purplish tinge. Pierret distinguished it from
the typical form by the intensity of the colour of the forewings ana by the
black markings which are more pronounced. The dentate spot is larger and better
marked.

The figure shows the double-tooth mark very large and whitish on the black
surrounding area, it completely encloses the orbicular.

s>

Noct. 63,

p.2.

nana Hufn,

continued

ab. variegata Vorbrodt. ?titt. Schweiz. Ent. Gea. 1917* I2.p. 457.

The outer and diacal areas of the forewing are suffused red-brown, with the excep
tion of the orbicular. The usual yellow basal 3pot on the inner max gin deep orange

ab. achultzi Rebel. Berge's Schmett. 1910 Ed. 9.p. I83. (Pig. Berl.Ent. Z. 44 p. 159)
Porewings as in ab. latenai but with indistinct stignata,a prominemt whitish-
grey outer band (between the postmedian and subterminal) and a darkened blackish
marginal band beyond the subterrainal.

ab. edentata Heves. Ent. Tidskr. 1914. 35.P.25.

The light double-tooth mark in the middle field of the forewings is completely
absent^ qrtund. c°L> ar ^elif>*v'sK-t>r‘cw/n, iVokitiVcb.

ab.juncta Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1940. 83.p.2^5 (description vol. 82 p. 197)

The contours of the reniform and orbicular join together or touch each other.

ab. suffusa Schwingenschuss. Z. Wien. Ent. Ges. 1933* 3^.p. 175*

The inner and outer transverse lines of the forewing fail complat ely, since,
these lines are washed out the insect has a very difTerent appearance.

•* •

.

-

, «

■«

,

Noct. 64. Discestra Hampson.

p. I.

trifolii Hufn.
=chenopodii Schiff.

= verna Esper.

aberrational forma etc.

trifolii Hufn. typical form - - the ground colour light brownish- grey, the
markings distinct.

ab. indistincta Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 3«p. 83.

Unicoi orous dark grey eith the ordinary markings and lines obsolete, sometimes
even the dark reniform spot. The specimens look badly scaled as well as wanting
in pignent, giving one the idea that the result is due to imperfect development.

ab.fasciata Lempke, Tijdschr.Ent. 1940. 83. p.233.
Forewings with a dark central shade.

ab. confluens Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1940, 83. p.233. (description p. 197 vol. 82)

The orbicular and reniform joined in one singLe spot, their boundary absent at
the point of juncture.

ab. robinsoni Cockayne. Ent. Fee. 1952. 64. p. I9I.pl* 8 f. 7*

On the forewing the basal area is darkened with wavy transverse lines and cloud¬
ing; the ' inner part of the median area is whitish-grey with the orbicular paler;
there is a blackish tranverse band occupying the outer part of the median area,
wide at the costa and including the reniform, but narrower between the reniform
and the inner margin, bounded externally by the postmedian line; the whole of the
marginal area external to the postmedian is dark grey with the subterminal line
represented by a row of black wedges. On the hindwing the basal area is whitish-
grey, the postmedian line is represented by a row of blackish dots on the nervuree
and the nervures themselves are blackish.

ab. del eta Cockayne. Entom. I952. 85. p. 265.pl. 4 f. 15.

The forewing from the base to the pale subterminal line is almost devoid of
’mrkings with the exception of the three stignata. Internal to the median area
there are very indistinct transverse markings, and external to the median area
there are indistinct longitudinal mar kings, which give the appearance of a darker
transverse band.

ab. saucia Esper. Sur, Schmett. I788-89. 4, (2 ) .p. 505.pl. I52 f. 5.

The ground colour greyish-yellow with blackish markings and an outer , well -marked
line of reddish-yellow spots.

Esper stresses this reddish outer line (subterminal) in his description, it
would 3eem to be the chief character of the form, not the ground colour as Tutt
implies.

ab.br unnescens Herdemann. Int.Ent. 2. 1933-27. p. 330.

Forewings darkened by the cloudy, thicker infusion of grey and grey-brown scales,
particularly in the marginal area before the waved line and in the middle of the
wing. The waved line (subterminal) is suffused with sharp yellow-white and
stands out, giving the appearance of dissimilis.

ab. lodbjergensis Hoffmeyer & Knudsen. Flora og Fauna. 1935* P* 58

9

*

iNToct. 64,

p.2.

trifolii Hufn. continued

ab. albif us a Walk. Gat. Brit. Mua. Woct. 1857. 2. p. 753.

A specimen of this Anerican form wa 3 taken at Portland and i3 in the B, -G. -K.
coll. See Tutt *s Brit. Moot. 3 p. 84.

,

.

Noct. 65

p. I.

w-latinum Hufn.

= genistae Borkh.

= dives Donovan.

= rectilinea Haworth.

aberrational forms etc.

ab. ob3olescens Turner. Snt.Kec. 1945. 57* Suppl.p. (212).

Practically the whole of the markings are obsolescent on a unicolorous dark
ground, in one example dark brown-grey with a slight purpli3h-red tinge, in ohe
other, a blackish- grey. The hindwings follow the prevalent colour of the forewings
with a slight deepening of black in the darker example. All the usual markings
can be traced with much difficulty and patience.

. .

.

Noct. 66. Hadena Schrk.

p* I*

sua3a Schiff. Wien Verz. 1775 P.8'3.

= dissirailis Knoch. Beitr.Zur. In3. i78I.37.pl. 4 f. 3-4.
= suasa Borkh. Naturg.Noct. I792. 4.p. 457.

- dens-canis Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1809. p. 190.

= permixta Hbn. Saaml.Sur.Schmett.I832? fig. 803.

suasa Schiff. typical form - - The ground colour liver-brown to earth-brown,
the markings fairly well expressed.

ab.laeta Reuter, Acta Soc.Faun. et Flora Fennica I893.9.P.42.

= variegata Rebel. Berge's Schmett. 19 10. Ed 9*P. 181. (Barrett 4. pi. 157 f*. I)

The extreme variegated form, noticeably lighter than the typical form'.’ Considerably
lighter than the typical form, forewings more or less brown- grey with spotty
darkenings from the base to the disinct undulate line which is very sharply
marked on its outer side, the fringe -field unicolorous dark brown only dusted
along the ens of the veins.”

Rebel’s variegata description says "The most variegated form; forewing brownish
with distinct transverse lines, paler orbicular and reniform 3tignata and promin¬
ent dark filled-in clavif orm. The area after the discal is band-like, light brown¬
ish-grey.

The two forms would seem to be the same, possibly variegata is a little more
extreme.

ab.w-latinum Esper. Eur. Schmett, I788. 4 (2) p.426 pl.136 f. 3.

Similar to oleracea but the brown-grey ground is much lighter, more reddish-brown
Next to the margin is a white line which in the middle is angled in the form of
a W or If, in oleracea they are short points at this angle whereas in this form
they go through to the border. A black streak at base, the stignata indistinct.
The figure shows a rather pale reddish-brown unicolorous insect with whitish
well-marked subterminal.

Lempke makes this the common unicolorous dark red-brown form but by the de3cript
ion and figure it is too light. See next form leucographa.

ab.leucographa Esper. Eur. Schmett. 1790. 4(2 ) .p. 49i.pl. 150 f. 3*

The upperside brown, reddish mixed. The two main lines white-grey,the stigmata
margined with the same colour but hardly visible. Above and through the whole
wing a scalloped blackish-mar gin ed almost obsolete, a rather spotted, stripe.

Next to the outer margin a white toothed line, the area between this and the
outer margin darker coloured.

The figure shows the forewings brown with a very slight red tint, almost unicol¬
orous with a dull whitish subterminal. This would seem to be our common dark
unicolorous form described as the typical form by many authors, the type however
has the markings well developed on a paler ground.

ab. confluens Eversraann. Faun. Volg. -Ural 1844. p. 24p.

Forewings blackish-fuscous with the submarginal area unicolorous; stignata white-
margined, usual transverse lines white; the submarginal line sharply bidentate in
the middle. Hindwing blackish, cilia white. Differs from sua3a in its blackish
colour and its unicolorous submarginal area without shades.

The description is not good, the lines are not likely to be "white", but they are
evidently present, despite this many authors say they are almost absent.

ab. extincta Staudinger. Rom. Hem. 1892. 6.p. 42p.

Very dark without light red-yellow or red-brown colouring but the markings
appear especially in the 6 distinctly lighter grey and black intermixed. The
chief character is the subterminal line which, in the usual form is white, is in
this not white but somewhat light grey (yellowish) .

Desciibed from Amurland and may be racial only.

ab.distincta Heinrich, Dtsch. Ent. Z. 1923* Sep. p. 77*

The lower half of the reniform and often also of the orbicular distinctly
filled in with black. .

o

c

Noct. 66

P.2.

suasa Schiff,

continued

ab. turanica Spuler. Schraett. Hur. 1905. 1.p. 171.

Forewinga pale grey-red with distinct W line but the markings obsolescent.

ab. uniforais Sheljuzhko. Iris 1944. 57»P»°3

„

, , ,

, ,

No ct. 67.

p. I.

Hadena Schrk

thalassina Hufn.

aberrational forme eto.

ab. achates Hubner. Saraml. Eur. Schraett. I809~I3*pl* 106 f. 498,

Forewings in the figure show rather mote red than usual with less variegation,
but in ray opinion itjs a synonym of the typical form, the description of which
is too brief to be of use in separating similar forms painted by artists so many
years ago. The second figure called achates in Hubner fig.6l0 is a much better
painting of the usual type of thalassina.

ab.huneralis Haworth, Lep, Brit, 1809. p. 190.

Forewings cloudy brownish-grey.

This also i3 probably a synonym of the type form but most authors make it an
aberration without the red tint, it would seem to be the common foim in England,

ab.gr is ea Foltin. Zts.Wien. Ent.Ver. 1942. 27. p. 36,
Pale grey.

ab, pallida Cockayne, Ent. Rec. 1944, %. p. 54.

The usual blackish-brown markings of the fore7/ings are pale brown and the thorax
,hindwings and abdomen are much paler than usual. This gives the insect a
unicolor ous appearance.

ab, nigrif usa Warren. SeitzI909. 3.p. 71*

Wholly suffused with black, the orbicular stigna and traces of outer and sub¬
marginal lines remaining pale grey.

ab. unicolor Myers, Entom. 1964.97, p.165.

Forewings qpperside unicolor ous dark purple-brown ground colour, with the stigmata
and transverse lines outlined in black, but with all pal© markings obsolete,
including the usually ever present and characteristic pale basal patch and
whitish subterminal line. Hindwings grey-brown, only very slightly paler basally.
Thorax of the same colour as forewings, abdomen very slightly darker than usual.
Holotype d.

6

♦ »

.

y « «V

«•

Noct. 68.

p. I.

Hadena Schrk.

contigua Schiff. Wien Verz. I775.P. 82.

= ariae Esper. Eur. Schraett. I789. 4 (2 ).p. 547.pl. l6o f . 8.
= spartii Brahm. Ins. Kal. I79I.2.p. 323.

aberrational forms etc.

ab. dives Haworth. Lap. Brit. I809.p. 189.

The paler form of the species, the area between the postmedian and subterminal
lines very pale almost white.

ab. albomaculata Lempke. Ti.jdschr. Ent. 1940. 83. p. 237.
With large snow-white orbicular stigna.

ab. tangens Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent, 1940. 83. p.237*

The inner line and outer line touch each other in the place of the claviform
stigma,which ha3 completely disappeared.

ab. subcontigua Eversmann. Bull.Mo3c. I852. 1.p. 155.

Head, thorax and forewing3 black-grey, ,the last paler, grey sprinkled; the orbicular
and reniform are paler than the ground and distinct, the inner and outer transver
-se lines are slightly emphasised by black lines; the wedge shaped 3tigma is
not to be seen.

.

'

Noct. 69.

P. I.

borabycina Hufn.
glauca Hubner.

i-i a w .

aberrational forms etc.

ab. lappo Duponchel, Hist. Nat. I827. 7«p*255pHl6 f.3»

Forewings greyish-black,lightly powdered with bluish with the two ordinary
stignata almost white but outlined in black. The claviform of the 3ama colour.
There are three transverse lines, the first grey dentate and parallel to the
outer margin, the two others black waved, and enclosing the stigaata.

The figure shows the transverse lines edged with white, otherwise it is a very
dark insect. Tutt in his Brit. Noct. 3 p.79 gives the correct description but
than proceeds to call the form very pale and ashy.

ab. quadriposita Zetterstedt. Ins. Lap. 1840. p.939.

" Similar to lappo and glauca but differs from glauca by more fu3COU3 colour and
by the 4 spots placed in pairs, the outer one slightly larger. Differs from lappo
by the stripes in middle of wing." It presumably lacks the white claviform
leaving only the two white spots on each wing, hence the name.

ab.aperta Hubner-Geyer. Samml. Bur. Schmett. I828-32.pl. 169 f . 800.

The figure shows the lighter grey-blui3h markings lacking on a blackish ground.
The stignata alone have traces of pure white, the transverse lines are black,
only traces of the cuneiform marking, generally characters are obscure.

ab. conf luens Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1952* 64. p. 33»pl« 2 f. 8.

The orbicular and reniform are united to form one large compound stigma; the
forewing is shorter and broader than usual.

ab.frigida Zetterstedt. Ins. Lap. I840.p, 939«

Similar to quadriposita Zett. (above) in which the two stigaata are distinct,
in frigida they are obsolete and only present as rudiments.

This must be very near to aperta Hbn-Gey. ,in which the 3tignata retain a trace
of the usual white.

*

.

. „ .

■3 C

A

,

Noct. 70,

P. I.

Hadena Schrk.

dysodea Schiff. Vien Verz. I775.P* 72.

= spinaciae Viewig. Tab.Verz. I789.2.p, 70,

= ornata de Vill. Linn.Ent. I789.2.p.280.

= flavicincta-rninor Esper. Bur. Schraett. I788?. 4. ( I )p. 513 pU^
= chrysozona Borkh, Nat urge 3 ch. 1792. 4- p. 264.

= ranunculina Haworth. Leo, Brit. I909*p. I83.

aberrational forms etc.

ab. caduca Herrich-Sch&f f er. Byst. Bearb. 1845?. 2. p. 266 pi. 94 f. 484.

Ground colour ash-grey without a trace of the usual yellowish mixture. The black
marking is also more delicate. Hindwings with the middle line sharper , distinctly
light margined on its outer side, thus giving the marginal dark band the appearanee
of being more sharply defined.

ab. innocens Staudinger. Horae Soc.Ent.Hoss^I870. ) I871. 7«P. 123 pi. I.f. 10.

The ground colour whitish in the forewing, in the hindwing almost white with a
dull blackish outer band.

The excellent figure shows a blue-grey median band on a unicolorou3 whitish
ground but the hindwings are the most aberrant being white at the base developing
into pale fuscous at the margins.

ab.koechlini Thierry-Mieg, Le Eat. 1889. XI. p. .181.

On the forewing the basal and terminal areas are very deep slaty-grey without
trace of white except two 3mall lines of white points which separate the median
band from the rest of the wingj hindwings very obscure with the band of the
terminal area almost black.

ab.plumbea Obraztsov. Bnt. Z. 1935* 49. p. 55*

Fore wings with sharper markings , with a dark central area and with whitish outer
margin ’without any trace of yellov/ish powdering.

ab.nigrofasciata Lernpke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1940. 83. p.234.

The central band of the forewing blackish, sharply contrasting, for the rest normal

ab. turbida Hof Jahrb. Karn I897.24.-o. 174.

I have not seen the original description of thi3 form, It is placed as a synonym
of koechlini Th. -Mg. in Seitz.

.

e

-

Noct. 71

O. I.

Hadena Schrk,

bicolorata Hufn. Berl.Mag. I766. ITI.4.p. 410*

= serena Schiff. I775.P.84.

= placida Esper. 1789. 4 (2).p.59& pi. l66 f. 6.

= hieracii ( Scriba. ) Borkh. iiciba’s Beitr. 1793. 3«P» 195* pl*I3

The name bicolorata Hufn. is used for this species in the new Edition of
South ’3 Moths of the Brit. Isles.

bicolorata Hufn. typical form - - Forewings pale grey with the median area dark
grey.

ab.leuconota Bversmann. Faun. Volg. 1842, o. 235.

"Thorax and body white. Forewings chalk-white, the median area black. Hindwings white
external area blackish," Apparently with no subterminal markings on forewings.
This is the extreme white form, most of our British specimens approach it but
would not seem to be so extreme, especially as regards the hindwings.

ab. leucomelaena Spuler. Schmett.Eur. 1905. 1.p. 175-

Thorax whitish, the basal and outer fields of the forewing3 white, the latter with
distinct fine markings.

This i3 the common form in England.

ab. albicans Spuler. Schmett.Sur. 1905. 1. p. 175*

The whole of the forewings, including the middle, field are whitish.

ab.par Donovan. Nat. Hist. Brit. Ins. 1801. 10. p. 32 pl.338 f*.3»

The only character differing from typical specimens is perhaps the width of the
median band. This is mentioned as "broad" in the description and appears so in the
figure.

ab.monticola Duponchel. Hist. Nat. Lep. 1826. 6. p. 314. pi. 92 f . 4.

This may or may not be a form of serena, the figure is unlike any other form I
have seen. The description is ■ — It somewhat resembles serena, the forewings are
dirty-white crossed by a wide irregular brown central band margined by two waved
black lines. The usual stignata are white on this band and also bordered with black,
the orbicular is very small. The base of the wing is brown with an irregular black
line and the terminal border shows a sinuous, interrupted, brown line. The fringe
white chequered with brown. Hindwings reddish-grey, transversely cut by a brown
stripe.

The strangest character is the brown base of the forewing,not present in any
serena studied.

ab. obscura Staudinger. Cat. I86l.Ed. I.p. 40. (Ed. 2. p. 92)

The var. B. of Guenee. " obs curio r magis unicolor."

The ground colour darker, more ashy, with the median area only a little deeper in
colour, and in which the stigmata are more vaguely marked and not encircled with
black. The subterminal better marked, almost continuous , although spotted and not
arranged as an H. Fringes dark.

1 *

Noct. 72,

p. I.

Hadena Schrk,

caesia Schiff.Wien.Verz, I775*P« 82.

= dichroma Baper. Bur. Schraett. 1789. 4 ( I)p. 5I9»pl. 155 f.2.

aberrational form etc.

subsp.mananii Gregson. Entomologist 1866. 3.p. 103.

= doubledayi Milliere. Nat. Sic. 1886. 6. p. 2.

The fom from the Isle of Man and Ireland, our British race.

Bluish lead-coloured, almost devoid of markings, except a few yellowish spots or
patches.

ab. nigrescens Staudinger. Cat. I90I.Ed. 3 p. l62.

Much darkened, forewings black- grey with blue-grey mixture.

ab. clara Staudinger. Cat. I90I.Bd. 3 p. l62. (Hor. 5oc.Bnt.Soss. 14 p. 37^. )
Forewings light blue- grey with the middle field pale, in one specimen reddish-
white in the middle, and a similar coloured spot at the base.

or - V

50 *MJ2. ^ I'tks

(X-

\yyO ^HL '*^3

,4^(*>uv^w

rtcfW

L-t-V_*\^

Noct.73.

p. I.

Hadena Schrk.

n o W 5? O-pUS g- Hv-j-n,

conspersa Schiff. Wien Verz. 1775 P*7I»

= nana Rott. (nec.IIufn. ) 177^ Naturf. 9*p. 132.
= annulata Fabr. Gen. In3j[Manti33a)I776.p.28I.

aberrational forms etc.

ab. albiraaculoidae Gregson. Young Nat. I887, 8.p. IJ8,

Ground colour cold deep brown, shoulder-marks (first striga) only just indicated,
many wavy black markings on the disc, on the outer margin the broad arrow-heads
are black, the first stigna like that of albimacula is round, white with a dark
centre, the exact colour of the ground of albimacula, as is also the black filling
in between the black. wavy lines, the second stigna is lost just as in albimacula,
and the usual white marks of the tyical form are merged into brown in this form.
The form was obviously named by Gregson because of its likeness to albimacula,
the orbicular having a brown spot in the centre as in albimacula and the ground
colour of the wings brown.

ab.dealbata Staudinger. Iris I892. 3.p. 3&5*

Darker than typical, wholly without the large white apical 3pot, without the
conspicuous white on the inner margin and the white wavy subterminal very
obsolescent. The large white spot below the upper stignata is present and the
orbicular is filled with white.

ab. suffusa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 3.p. 3$- & 37»

The ground colour black or blacker than in the type, the normally white basal,
inner and outer marginal areas are essentially of the ground colour, the white
being reduced to a minimum existing principally around the reniform though to a
much lesser degree than in the type.

ab. gr is ea- suffusa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 3*p. 37*

the intense black of ab. suffusa changed to blackish-grey,the white markings
reduced as in suffusa.

ab. intermedia Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 3* p. 3&> & 38»

The white markings reduced to a minimum as in suffusa, only having them round the
reniform but the ground colour with a distinct ochreous tint, not of a deeper
black then the type as is the case in suffusa.

ab. ochracae Gregson. Young Nat. I887*8.p. I78. (see Young Nat. I885. 6. p.263. )

= ochrea Gregson. Ent. Sec. I89I.2.p. 306.

The first description of thi3 form is in 1885 where no name is given. It reads -
" They have neither the dark or light colours of-t-h-c ~t yo ioal f omt; they are ail
more or less ochreous brown or yellow^ without -any lighi^markings^" && (UY7
The name ochracae wa3 given to these specimens in Young Nat. 8.p. I78. 1887. co
but in the Bnt. Rec. 2 p^306 I89I Gregson called them "ochre" with the description
"all the usual white parts obscured with ochre, the whole insect ochreous".
Various authors as a result have called the form " ochrea"" ochreae" and "ochracae".

ab. obscurae Gregson. Ent. Rec. 1891. 2.p. 306.

All the light markings obscured with brown ochre colour. Forres

e

Noct. 73,

p.2.

conspersa Schiff

continued

ab. obliterae Kobe on & Gardner. List, Young Nat. 1886. 7. p* 23*

= hethlandica Staudinger. Iris 1892. 5. P» 3^5.

The whole insect dark olivaceous brown, usual markings faint, sometimes quite
obliterated. Shetland.

Staudinger fs hethlandica had the white on the forewings almost wholly wanting;
they are often quite olive blackish-grey so that they have the appearance of a
quite different species. Shetland.

ab. fasciata Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892. 3»p. 37*

The forewings with a complete white band copying the allied species compta.

ab. juncta Lerapke, Tijdschr. 3nt. 1940. 83. p. 23I. (description vol, 82. p. 1 97 )
The contours of the reniform and orbicular join up and are united.

n * o

. -

i.

Moot. 74,

?•

Hadena Schrk,

albimacula Borlch. Maturgesch. 1792. 4.p. 149.

= comnta Esper. (nec. Schiff . )Eur. Schraett. I788. 4.p. 274 pi. II7 f
- concinna Hubner. Saranl. Eur. ,3chmett. I800-03.pl. II f.3I.

aberrational forma etc.

ab. ochrea Zwiegelt. Zt. Ost.Ent.Ver. 1918. 3.p. 30*

The white colour is replaced by ochreous-yellow particularly on the right win
whilst on the left only the small costal blotch is yellowish. The white markin
on the base of the right wing is yellowish. It is interesting as there is a parall-
-el form in conspersa ab. ochrea Gregson.

ab. fasciata Lemplce. Tijdschr. Ent, 1940. 83. p.232.
Forewings with a dark central shade.

ab.juncta Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1940. 83. p.232 (description vol. 82. p. 197)

The coltours of the reniform and orbicular touch each other or are united.

ab. seraiconfluens Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1940. 83*p. 232. (description vol. 82 p. 197
Instead of joining the reniform and orbicular stiguata are united by a double
line.

OP

.

Noct. 75,

p. I.

Hadena Schrk,

compta Schiff. Wien Verz. I775»P»70»

aberrational forms etc.

ab. juncta Lempke. Fijdschr. Ent. 1940. 83.p. 23I. (description vol. 82. p. 197 )
The contours of the reniform and orbicular join or are united.

ab. defasciata Hannemann. Int. Ent. Z. 1916. IO.p. 103.

The white central band is completely absent, the orbicular remaining filled with
white.

ab.viscariae G-uenee. Hist. Nat. Ins. (Spec. Gen. Lep) I852.2.p.26.

The white band interrupted in its lower part by brown or yellow markings and
narrowed opposite the claviform so that it no longer forms more than an almost
square blotch. 'The ground of a normal colour but more mixed with yellow or light
brown.

ab. albicincta Metsehl. Int. Snt. Z. I925. I9« P. 26.

Porewing from base to the orbicular dirty white on the costa. The white basal
area run3 out into the black-grey basal area in two streaks - a 3hort one and a
long one below it. The longer of these two streaks is edged below by a deep black
line which curves towards the costa and encloses the claviform. Near the base this
line thickens to form a spot-like swelling near the inner margin, which is
surrounded by white. The pure white central band is widened between the claviform
and inner margin to form a wedge pointing towards the base which, how ever, it does
not quite reach. The part of the wing from the white orbicular to the outer margin
is normal.

? ab, galactina Turati. Nat. Soc. 29.P.25 Sep. fig,

? ab. grisescans Turati. Atti. Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat.

62. p. pO fig.

■

Moot. ~j6,

p. I.

Hadena Schrk,

bicruri3 Hufn. Berl.Mag. I766. 3. P.302.

= capsincola Schiff. Wien Verz, 1775* P» 84.

= irapressa Esper, Eur. Scbraett. I788. 4 (I).pl. Ip2 f. 3.

aberrational forms etc.

ab. capsincoloides Standfuss. Berl^Ent.Zts. 1893. 38. p. 3^0.

Differs from capsincola in having the outer side of the reniform deep black-brown
and similarly deep black-brown between the stignata as well a3 between the two
transverse lines towards the inner margin, the last character causes the usually
very distinct claviform to be almost obsolete on account of the deep colouring
obscuring it. .The waved subterminal is more conspicuous and distinct than in the
type as well as the shape of the stignata, ©specially the orbicular, which are
notably larger than in capsincola. On the hindwing there is a pale band from the
light anal spot up to the apical angle, lying somewhat parallel to the margin. The
head, thorax and abdomen are all darker than type.

Described froma single 9 from Corsica as a species but is probably an aberration
of capsincola.

ab. juncta Lempke. Tijdschr.Bnt. 1940. 83.p. 229. (described vol. 82 p. 197.
The reniform and orbicular are joined or united by their contours.

ab. bondii Turner. Ent. Sec, 55 p. (88)

This is not bicruris but an aberration of rivularis Fabr. See next species.

ab. ochreof usa Cockayne. Ent. Sec. I952. £>4p. 35.

Ground colour lighter bro-wn than usual; the pale markings round the stignata and
all those in the distal half of the forewing are increased in width especially
the submarginal line; fringes largely ochreous.a few brown streaks being present
opposite the interneural spaces of the anterior half of the wing and more
definite dark lines opposite those nearer to the anal angle. Thorax, abdomen and
hindwings paler than usual.

a <* ' *

*

Noct.77.

p. I.

Hadena Schrk.

rivulari3 Fabricius. SJyr.3 1. Ent. I775«P* 99.

= cucubali Schiff. Wien Verz. 1775. P* 84.

= rivosa Strom. Norsk. Ins. I783. 4. Danske Vid. Selsk. Schrift. 2. 77
= triangularis Thnbg. Diss. Ins. Suec. 1784. 3.

aberrational forms etc.

ab.behensis Freyer. Neu Beitr. 1845. 5«P. 142 pi. 467 f. 4.

Similar to type form but with a very distinct yellow-white stripe along the
costa of the forewing reaching -from the apex to above the reniform. The stripe
at its apical end is united with the white-yellow sub terminal line. The ground
colour is nearer that of caps incola, the peach-coloured bands being absent.

ab. bondii Turner. Ent. See. 1943. 55 Suppl.p. ( 87 ) .

Described under bicruri3 but obviously belonging to this species whan the actual
specimen is seen, this is now in the P. G. K. coll. at Tring.

Turner described the figure in Newman's Brit. Moths p.387. The white line from the
base, running below the stignata, i3 more conspicuously white and divides the wing
into two distinct areas, the upper part much lighter, the markings lighter and
somewhat larger, even the upper half of the usually dark submarginal band is
white on which the black sagittate spots are very plainly depicted. The lower
half of the wing below the dividing line is predominantly dark in contrast. The
black patch below the line is extended in full width to the inner margin, the
subraarginal band is dark and complete as in the type.

This description gives no idea of the I^ype specimen, the main feature of which is
the yellow suffusion which spreads over the area occupied by the stigmata and
the upper half of the submarginal part of the wing, the subterminal is unusually
broad and yellow. The basal area is lightly dusted yellow, the only normal dark
part of the insect is between the ante and postmedian lines where a square of
dark brown remains, from below the stignata almost to the inner margin.

ab. pallida Cockayne. Ent. Hec. I944.56.p.54.

All the dark markings of the forewings are replaced by markings of a soft brown
colour, but a pink flush is present, The hindwings and abdomen are very pale brown,
the thorax almost white

ab. disjuncta Lemoke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1940, 83. p.228.

The orbicular and reniform stigna do not touch each other.

ab. con.juncta KLemensiewicz. Spraw. kora. Fiz. ( I9II ) 1912. 46. p. II.

Forewings with both spot3 (stignata) in the subdorsal costa, broadly confluent.
This presumably means that there is no division at all on the lower edges of the
reniform and orbicular , the two becoming one curved spot almost forming a "V".

e ♦

*

,

ft

Noct. 78. Had ana Schrk.

p. I. 42£i

lopida Esper. Bur. Schmett. 1790* 4(2 ) .p^Odpl. 152 f . 2.
= carpophaga Borkh. Nat urge 3 ch. 1792. 4.p. 422.

- perplexa Hubner. Samml.Eur. Schmett. 1800-03 ^>89*

= repanda Freyer. Neu. Beitr. I838. 1.p. 63.pl. 34 f. 2.

aberrational forms etc.

lepida Esper, - - typical form-tie ground browhish-ochreous with the markings
darker brown.

ab. ochracea Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1809. p. 199.

The wings ochraceous with four transverse lines, the ordinary stignata pale and
one stigna blackish. The more detailed description then follows - Body and wings
ochraceous, stignata whitish, the third stigna (claviforra) more or less blackish,
four transverse lines, the first incomplete at the base, the second before the
middle and the third curved behind the stiga and all made up of little beads and
more or less margined with black. The fourth line wavy and next to the hind margin
and at the apex often widened into a pier blotch; in the margin itself a narro’wer
line made up of lunate-triangular black dot3,the fringes yellow. Hindwings shining
whitish to yellowish with fuscous border and yellow fringes.

It will be seen from this description that Tutt,and many authors copying him, who
have made this a form with the markings more or less obsolete, are wrong. The lines
etc are described in detail and the claviform is outlined in blackish. It would
seem to be the bright ochreous form common in England and not the brownish tinted
typical form badly figured in Esper.

ab.V'irgata-.ochracea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 3*p. 30 & 31.

Pale ochreous in the basal and outer areas, the space between the ante and postmed-
-ian lines dark ochreous, forming a transverse band. The orbicular and reniform are
pale.

ab. brunnea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 3*p. 38 & 31*

Ground colour dark ochreous, almost brown,with the markings almost obsolete.

ab.virgata-brunnea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 3. P. 30 & 31-
Dark ochreous ground colour with the central darker.

ab.pallida Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 3* p. 30 »

The ground colour white, with scarcely any tinge of ochreous. The outlines of the
stignata faintly marked, other vri.se no dark markings.

ab. ochrea-pallida Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 3. p. 30.

The ground colour white but the oitlines of the stignata and transverse lines
strongly tinted with ochreous.

ab. fusca-pallida Tutt. Brit, Noct. 1892, 3. p. 30.

The ground colour white with the typical markings of this species pricked out
in dark fuscous, thus making even in this pale form an attempt to copy its
congener,capsophila Dup.

Noct. 7 8

p.2.

continued

lepida Esper.

ab. v irgata-pallida Wightman. Ent. Sec. 1928. 40. p. 90.

The ground colour pure white, nearly all the markings obsolete in the inner and
outer areas, the centre area deep red-brown on which deep background the stignata
show up clearly in paler brown.

ab. aurantia Cockayne. Snt. Sec. I952. 64. p. 35.

Ground colour orange almost without markings, even the 3tigaata are almost invisible
Along the terrnen there is a row of black wedge-shaped dots and just outside them
in the inner half of the fringe there is a row of orange-brown crescents. Hindwing
ochreous with a faint subraarginal band.

subsp. capsophila Duponchel. Hist. Hat. Lep. 1842. 4 Suppl.p. 100 pi. 58 f.8.

Differs only by the darker colour and because the pale lines of the forewings
are more whitish than yellowish.

The subspecies from the Isle of Man and Ireland, possibly from Wales but I have
not 3een specimens.

ab. obsolescens Richardson. Ent.Rec. 1952. 64.0.272.

Forewings uniformly greyish-black in which the pale reniform and orbicular stigmata,
and a pale subterminal line are faintly visible.

Belongs to the subsp. capsophila.

ab. suffusa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 3. P3^.

Specimens of capsophila which are generally black, or dark grey, rarely brown, in
Britain.

Tutt says most of our British specimens belong to this form and that they are
rarely brown. I don't profess to understand what he means ,most of our long series
are brown.

perple^cct Schiff.
U/iert. x/erar. /775/ p-313.
lc pi da. JEsp.

Sctmett.

perpl.e^-fr Sckilfi
View \Io.rX. 1*175, p.3/3.
lepicLo. JEsp.

Eur. Sc Umett.1790 A (p£)
ctxrpopkaga. Scrkti.

vy

■ p. 500, pU52,£z.

Mt"' ^cWett. Ear. I79Z.4, p.422,
perplecca Eukn.

Bu. r Schvnett. I800~03; p 1. 19, £.89.
rep and cl, Err.

Neu. Beitir 7838 :} : />. 63' pi.34, j? 2.

u^a_

(>3

*\

s

.

Noct. 79

p. I.

Hadena Schrk.

barrettii Doubleday. Bnt. Ann. I864.p. I24.pl. I.f. 3.

aberrational forma etc.

ab. ficklini Tutt. Ent. Uec. 1898. 10. p. I^I.
Somewhat grey., form from Cornwall.

ab.turbata Donovan. Cat. Macrolep. Ireland. I93& p. 47.

. o

. - .

„ , . , .

Noct. 80,

p. I.

Anepia Harapson,

irregularis Hufn, Berl, ]£ag. 1766. 3»P« 394.

= echii Borkh, HaturgS3ah. 1792. 4, p, l66.

= syngenesiae Borkh. Scriba’s Beitr. 1793* 3«P.204.pl. 13 f.5.

= brecciaeformi3 Ssper. Sur. Schmett. 1790. 4 (2 )p. 79*pl* 19® f5

aberrational forms etc.

ab. hellwegeri Schawerda. Zts.Ost.Ent.Yer. 1919. 4. p. 31.

Wholly brown-yellow,* the normally white-yellow stigmata and spots of the forewings
are of the same brown-yellow as the rest of the wing.

ab. ochracea Huggins. Entom. 1952. 85*p. 185.

Forewings ochreou3-buff ,the U3ual dark brown markings appearing in darker buff.
Hind wings ochreou3 -buff, the usual dark border only slightly darker than the
basal area. Head, thorax and abdomen ochreous-buff . The whole insect in two shades
only and is of very uniform and dingy appearance compared with the usual handsome¬
ly marbled tricoloured form.

ab. alboradiata Cockayne. Ent. Fee. 1952. 64. p. 35.

The orbicular runs basad to the basal line but is cut across by the antemedian
line, and is .joined to the reniform by a white line just in front of the median
nervure; all the nervures are are white and 2.3 and 4 run right through the
unusually dark subterminal. On the hindwing the box'd er is darker than usual and t
there is a whiter wedge-shaped area between 3 and 4 running inwards from it.

.

Noct. 81

p. I*

Orthos ia 0ch3

gothica Linn.

= nun-atrura Schiff. ( nom. nud. ) Wien. Varz. 1775 P- 7^.
= nun-atrura Hubner. Saraml.Bur. Schmett. 1802. f. 112.

aberrational forms etc.

ab. gothicina Herr ich- Schaffer. Sy3t. Bearb. I84g,2.p. 196 pi. 26 f . 125-126.

The ground colour ia rust or reddish in th9 central area of the wing, with slaty-
grey discoidals and similarly coloured shading on the costa, with pale transverse
lines. There is no trace of black in the gothic mark. The wavy subterminal and
interrupted row of dots on it are ochreou3

'The figure of nun-atrum in Hubner fs Bur. Schmett. f, 112 would appear to be this
form but it is bad and apparently of a different colour between the stigmata in
different copies, so it is treated here as a synonym of the type.

ab. suffusa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. 149 & 150.

The ground colour reddish, very rarely mottled, altogether more unicolorous and
redder but the characteristic dark gothica mark well developed.

ab. rufa Tutt. Brit, Noct. 1892. 2. p. 149 & 150.

Bright red with dark gothica mark.

ab. obsoleta-rufa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 1 49 & IpO.
Bright red but with pale or obsolete gothica mark.

ab.brunnea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. 149 & 150.

Deep reddish-brown (with purple tinge) with dark gothica mark.

ab. rufescens Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 149 & 150.

Pale reddish- grey, varying in the amount of reddish, some are almost as pale as ab.
pallida Tutt with a slight reddish tinge, others are more grey and much more
suffused. Host of the pale forms are much mottled in the central area, and about
the subterminal line the pale mottlinga have a somewhat ochreous tinge. It has the
dark gothica mark.

ab. obsoleta-rufescens Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 149 & IpO.

Pale reddish-grey with pale or obsolete dark gothica mark.
Similar to ab. gothicina H.-Sch. which is darker and duller red.

ab. pallida Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p, 149.

The palest form. Pale whitish-grey with a few dark markings and the gothica mark
distinct, blackish or dark reddish-brown.

ab. obsoleta-pallida Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. 149.

Pale whitish-grey with the ordinarily dark gothica mark of a pale colour and
almost unicolorous with the rest of the wing.

ab.variegata Tutt. Brit. Noct, 1892. 2. p. 149.

Dark grey mot tied, with paler in some specimens , especially about the central area
and subterminal line. The characteristic gothica mark is well-developed.

ab.obsoleta-v&riegata Tutt, Brit, Noct, 1892. 2* p. 149.

Dark grey mottled with paler and with pale or obsolete gothica mark and therefore
reduced to the ground colour.

fl «

. .

.

.

.

n .Of

a

*

.

.

- on* *> *

,

»

Noct. 8 1.

P.2.

gothic a Linn,

continued

gothica Linn, typical form - - the ground colour dark violety brown- grey.

ab. nigra Robson. Young. Nat. 1888. 9. p. 121,

= obscura Lenz. Osthelder Schmett. Sudbayern I927.P. 3^2 pi. 15 f.25.
Dark smoky-brown with the black " Hebrew Character" very distinct.
Lenz obscura was "dark brown”.

ab. nictitans Lenz. Osthelder Schmett. Subayern. I927 p. 3I2.pl. 15 f.2o.

The stigmata stand out unusually clear on account of their pale margins.

ab. obsolescens Lenz. Osthelder Schmett. Sudbayern. 1 92 7 p.3I2 pi. 15 f’. 29.

All the markings with the exception of the black elements in the discal area
more or less obsolescent.

ab. taeniata Lenz. Osthelder Schmett. Sudbayern. 1927 p. 3I2.pl. 15 f. 30.

With a strikingly distinct band inside the waved line before the outer margin.

ab. conflua Kiefer. Snt. Rundsch. I9I3» 30»P» 32.

The dark brown area between the two 3tignata(the gothica mark) is united with the
dark longitudinal mark which is also dark brown. The ground colour as in type.

ab. circumsignata Hasebroek. Int. "Snt. Z. 1915. 9«P. 3b»

The black (of the gothica mark) completely surrounds the orbicular.

ab.hirsuta Warren. Seitz. 1910. 3»p.90 pi. 22 row 3.

A dark powdered form of ab. pallida Tutt,grey with a faint rufou3 tinge, thickly
dusted with dark grey; the lines black, the inner one preceded by, the outer and
subterminal followed by, a thick fuscous blackish shade. The black mark on the
submedian fold before the outer line is slight, and the bladk. of the cell i3
reduced to two narrow spots, one horizontal and pointed outwardly, touching the
inner line, the other narrow, oblong and vertical , before the reniform.

ab.reducta Lenz. Osthelder Schmett. Sudbayern. 1927* p. 3^2

The orbicular without black at the base, only half the gothica mark present.

ab. expuncta Delahaye.

Description from Seitz 3 p. II5»

Ashy grey, mottled form without transverse line3,only the double subterminal is
retained. The black gothica mark is absent except for a small triangular spot, all
other markings are almost obsolete.

ab.aurifera Delahaye.

Description from Seitz 3 p. H5»

Reddish-yellow to golden-yellow, brightly marked and dusted with violet..

ab. cana Valle. An3ia*Fenn. 1940. 4.p. 307.

•/

Noct. 81

p.3.

gothica Linn, continued.

ab. nigrilinea Cockayne. Snt. Rec. 1952. 64, p. 33*

The postmedian line is black and clearly defined and from it black scales run
outwards along the nervures; the pale ground colour inside the subterminal line
makes the darkened nervures unusually distinct. The antemedian line is also black
and clearly defined.

ab. albomarginata Cockayne. Snt. Rec. I952. 64. p. 36.

Prom the subterminal line to the termen the ground colour is almost white through
which the slightly darkened nervures run; the crescentic marginal interneural dots
are present. Hindwing with the border nearly white between nervures 2 and jy-axid.
only a little darker in the preceding and following interneural space.

ab. albescens Cockayne. Snt, Rec. 1952. 64. p. 36. pi. 2 f. 10.

Porewing with the ground colour whitish with a faint tinge of fawn; all the mark¬
ings pale fawn colour. Hindwing whitish tinged with greyish fawn. Head, including
antennae, thorax and abdomen pale fawn.

ab.conjuncta Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1940. 83. p. 218.

The dark streak on the outer transverse line unites this line with the inner one,
thu3 the claviform fails (is filled up).

ab. estrigata Lempke. Tijdschr. Snt. 1940. 83. p. 218.

The dark streak on the outer transverse line fails comoletely.

ab. cruda Lempke. Tijdschr.Snt. 1940. 83. p. 218.

The inner and outer lines black, sharply contrasting,

ab.clau3a Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1940. 83 p.2I8. (description vol.82 p.197)
The inner and outer transverse lines join at the inner margin.

ab. separata Fremont. Proc. Verb. Soc, Linn. Bordeaux 1929* 81. p. 136.

The black gothica mark is broken through in the middle.

This would appear to be transitional to ab. reducta Lenz, possibly not so extreme

o * • 9

.

<. t »

...

..

Noct. 82

p. I.

Q?th03ia Ochs.

miniosa Schiff. Wien Verz. 1775 P* 88.

aberrational forme etc*

miniosa Schiff. typical form - - Forewings unicolorous light reddish, the markin
more or less distinct.

ab. rubricosa Fsper. Fur. Schmett. 1786. 3 . p. 38I.pl» 75 f“* 3~4.
Pale reddish with the central area darker and forming a band.

ab.virgata Tutt. Brit. Hoc 1. 1892.2 p. 155.

Basal and outer areas pale grey with a greenish tint, the central area filled in
with red forming a distinct central band.

ah.pallida Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 155 & 156.

The palest form. Forewings unicolorous ochreous-grey with scarcely a trace of
the reddish colour of the type. The transverse lines paler, the stignata rather
darker than the ground.

ab. rufa Dannehl. Bnt. 1. 1926. 39. p. 180.

Uniformly dark red-yellow, not only in the central area.

ab. juncta Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1940. 83. p. 214. (description vol. 82 p. 197 )
The contours of the reniform and orbicular touch each other.

•>

Noct. 83.

p. I.

Ortho3ia Ochs

cruda Schiff. Wien Verz. I775*P* 11 •

- cruda Hbn. Eur. Schraett.pl. 36 f. 173 (ambigua in error)
= cruda Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. I55»

aberrational forms etc.

ab.pulverulenta Espar. Eur. Schraett. I786.3.P. 386.pl. 76 f,5~6.
The ground colour dark reddish grey-brown.

cruda Schiff. typical form - - the ground colour brownish-grey.

ab. pallida Tutt. Brit. •Moot. 1892. 2. p. 154.

The palest form. Forewings pale greyish or ochreous -white with a very slight,
if any, reddish tinge. The males particularly have the reniform well marked and the
elbowed line often forms a very distinct row of tiny black dots.

ab.pu3illus Haworth. L-ep. Brit. 1803. p. 124.
Forewings greyish without the brown tint

ab. nanus Haworth. Lep. Brit. I803»p. 12 3.
The ground colour pale reddish-grey.

ab. rufa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 154- 155.
Forewings bright red, often quite rosy.

ab. irroratae Hobson. Young Nat. 1888. 9* p. 122.

Forewings grey, not reddish, with the surface of the wing distinctly speckled with
darker scales.

Very similar to pusillus Haworth but presumably more specled or irrorated with
darker.

ab. haggarti Tutt. Ent.Hec. 1902. 14.p. I82-3. (see Ent. Hec. 14 p. 130 )

Tutt named the form taken by J.G. Haggart and described by him a3 "black" on p. 130
Tutt *s description on p. 182- I83 is rather different and does not give such an
impression of darkness - - Forewings uniform dark brown, the outline of the
3tignata and submarginal line yellowish. I would call the form dark blackish-
brown from the specimens I have seen, and Tutt goes on to say that they super¬
ficially resemble in 3ome aspects the melanic form of C.viminalis.

ab. nigropunctata Wehrli. Verh. N. Ges. Basel. 1917. 28.p. 240.

Forewings with distinct darker transverse lines, each with black dotting on the
veins.

ab.nictitans Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1940. 83.p. 214.

The orbicular and reniform atigaata filled with dark, with sharp pale circumscript¬
ion.

ab. obsolescens Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1940. 83. p. 214.
Harkings very indistinct, hardly visible.

ab.marginuta Cockayne. Ent. Hec. 1952.64 p. 36.

Forewing with the area from the submarginal line to the tarmen whitish with
a slight sprinkling of brown scales.

Noct. 83.

cruda Schiff. continued.

P.2.

’

ab. heckendorni Be

Bros . Mitt. Ent. Ge3. Basel, (if. F. )

2.p. 98.

.

.

Noct. 84-.

P. I*

Ortho 3 ia Ochs.

stabilis Schiff. Wien Verz. I775.P.76.

= cerasu3 Haworth, (nec. Fabr. ) Lep. Brit. 1803 P. 123. 243.

aberrational forms etc.

stabilis Schiff. typical form - - the forewings light reddish-brown.

ab.obliqua Villers. Caroli Linn.Ent, 1789.2 p. 189*
The forewings dark grey.

ab. grisea Spuler. Schmett. Bur. 1906. 1.p.240.
Pure grey, rare.

ab. suffusa Tutt. 3rit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 132.

The general colour of the forewings i3 blackish- grey, sometimes brownish owing to
a red tint in the ground colour. The whole area of the wing is suffused with black
scales, the 3tignata and subterminal are outlined in paler and distinct; the central
shade is generally well marked and dark.

Tutt named this form from the figure in Hubner pi. 36 f . 171 which apparently varies
considerably in different copies, in Turner's copy Turner states that it is red-
brown not' grey, in our copy it is greyish-brown with no suffusion of dark scales
mentioned by Tutt. The description given by Tutt must stand for suffusa and not
the figure in Hubner.

ab. rufa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 132 & 153.

Forewings bright red with a considerable amount of variation in the colour of the
outlines of the stignata etc. ,the dark central band is rarely strongly developed.

ab. pallida Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1 892. 2.p. I52.

Pale stone-grey, sometimes slightly ochreous.

ab.violacea Caradja. Acad. Somana Mem. 3oc. Stftnt 1931. (3).7.n°. 8.p. 43 ?
The marginal area suffused with purple-violet.

Description from Turner.

ab. rufpannulata Haworth. Lep. Brit, 1809. p.243.

Hie outlines of the stigmata and subterminal are reddish instead of yellow.

Tutt is wrong in retaining this name for all dark reddish forms and ignoring the
colour of the stignata outlines, Haworth obviously named it on account of the
"annulets” and not the ground colour.

ab.flavilinea Heinrich. Dtsch.Bnt.Z/l9l6) p. 518. WfJ-

The subterminal of the forewing fairly broad, yellow and without the shading on
its inner side.

ab. extincta Heinrich. Dtsch. Ent. Z.£[9l6)p. 518. /<7f7 -

= ob3ol6scen3 Lenz. Osthelder Schmett. Sudbayern. I927.P. 315* pi. f . 7*

The outlines of the stignata of the same colour as the ground so that they are
almost invisible except with a lens.

Lenz obsolescens had all the markings more or less lost in the ground colour.

ab. nictitans Lenz. Osthelder -Schmett. Sudbayern 1927 p.3^5 pi. Id f. 6.

The outlines of the stignata and similar lines before the outer margin strikingly
clear, or standing out sharply.

* 4

Noct. 84,

t>.2.

stabilis dchiff. continued

ab. cruda Lena. Osthelder Schmett. Sudbayern. I927.P. 314 pi. V) f. 23.

With sharoly defined lines on the edges of the di3cal area, (ante and postmedian. )
= cruda Cockayne. Ent.Hec. I952. 64. p. 36.

This had also the basal line distinct but can hardly be considered different.

Osthelder" 3chmet^3udbayepa;'I927 p. 3I5pldl5 f^2r2.
bancKand the retfuf ora-'-^lso filled v/ithT similar colour.

ab. junctus Haworth. hep. Brit. I803.P. 123.

= tangens Heinrich. Dts ch. Snt. Z.(59l6) p. 518. /f '7 •

The reniform and orbicular stigmata touch each other.

ab.fasciata Lena. Osthelder Schmett. Sudbayern I927.p.3I5 pi. 15 £.22.

= variegata Dannehl. Mitt. Munch. Snt. Ges. 1929 I9.p. 114.

A dark central band or middle shadow well developed from the inner side of
the reniform down to the inner margin.

ab. confluens Lempke. Tijdschr.Bnt. 1940. 83.p.!tl0. (description vol. 82 p.197)

The orbicular and reniform .joined forming on
absent at the point of juncture.

single contour , their normal boundary

ab. albescens Cockayne. Snt. Hec. 1952 64. p. 36.

Forewing whitish with a slight tinge of brown, head and thorax of the 3ame colour.
The markings are just visible in a slightly darker shade.

ab.raarginata Cockayne. Bnt. Sec. I952. 64. p. 36.pl. 2 f. II.

Forewing dark brown v/ith the area between the pale submarginal line and the termen
pale greyish-brown with whitish nervures runping through it.

T\Toct. 85.

p. I.

Orthosia Ochs

populeti Fabr. Spec. Ins. 1781,2. p. 201,

= populi Strom. 1783. (ses aberration below.)
= subplumbeu3 Haworth. Lep. Brit. I803»p. 12 1.

= gracilis Stephens. Ill.Haust. 1829. 2.p. 141.

aberrational form3 etc.

populeti Fabricius. typical form - - Forewings dark greyish with distinct stignata
and some black spots on the subterminal.

ab. populi Strbm. Kongelige danske Videns. Selsk. Skrift, Nye Sami. I783.p. 7^ -.24.
Fore-wings reddish-grey with a complete row of black spots along the subterminal.

ab. ocularis Freyer. Neu Beitr. 1833. I.p. 168 pi, 95 fv2,

ForewingS greyish with a complete row of black 3pots along the 3ubterminal.

ab. ruf omaculata Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1940. 83.p.2l6.

The spots on the subterminal line not black but reddish.

ab. imraaculata Lempke. Tijdschr.'Snt. 1940. 83.0. 2l6.

The spots on the subterminal line fail completely, other markings clear.

ab. obsoleta Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p, 146 & 147.

The stigaata almost or quite obsolete as also are the basal lines; the elbowed
line when at all distinguishable, very pale.

ab. donasa TSsper. Fur. Schmett, I78p. 3* p.264. pi. 52 f . 7*

Forewings grey with reddish-brown spot in the middle field.

The figure is extremely bad and does not look like populi. The reddish-brown
spot is on the inner side of the reniform and more or less continues as a middle
shadow down to the inner margin. Tutt's description is amazing - -Grey, with the
central area reddish-brown.

ab. nigra Tutt. Brit. TToct. 1892. 2.p. 147 & 148.

The ground colour quite black, the transverse lines slightly paler with very dark
edging,there is a pale ring to the orbicular and reniform whilst the black dots
on the subterminal are of a dark red-brown colour.

ab. intermedia Stephens. Ill. Haust. 1829.2 p. 140.
Forewings dark greyish-brown.

ab. cruda Lempke, Tijdschr.Ent. 1940. 83. p.217.

Forewings with blackish, sharply contrasting transverse lines,
ab. nigropunctata Duf rane. Lamb. 1935* 35* P* 52.

Like the typical form but the dark spots near the subterminal line are very black.
One might confuse the form with certain forms of munda but in that species the
spots are placed in groups of two.

j)7.

ab. atropurpurea Geest. Zts. f.Ent. 1903. 8.p, 813*

Dark red-brown, of very dull and thick coloration. The stignata and subterminal
narrowly pale yellow.

Moot. 85,

p.2.

populeti Fabr. continued

ab. atropunctata Geest. . Zts.f.Ent. 1903. 8. p. 313-

Pale grey, the sub terminal with a perfect row of black dots.

This must be very similar to ocularis Freyer, possibly paler grey and with a more
conspicuous ("perfect" )row of subterminal spots.

ab. diffusa Cockayne. Snt. Hec. 1952. 64. p. 36.pl. 2 f . 13.

.All the usual markings are very indistinct, there is no median shade, the subtermin¬
al line i3 scarcely visible and the usual dots, reddish or black,are absent.; the
stignata are darker than the ground colour surrounding them but lack the usual
pale ring round them; there is a narrow pale marginal line.

Remove, .

ab.plumbea Richardson. Snt. Fee. 1952. 64. p.272 pi. 9 f. 2li To"~ determined Incerta )

Forewings uniform leaden grey-brown, in which the paler orbicular and subterminal
lines are barely distinguishable. Usual dots just inside subterminal lines almost
invisible. Hindwing3 pale grey '-brown.

ab.tremuleti Tetens.

.

,

.

Moot. 86,

P. I.

Orthosia Ocha

incerta Hufn. Berl.Mag. I766. 3.p.298,424.

= instabilis Hubner. Samml.Eur. Schmett. 1800-03 f • 165.

aberrational forms etc.

incerta Hufn. typical form - - forewings clear ,gl earning reddish-brown with distinct
markings. Very variable.

ab. instabilis Fabricius. Mantissa TJ8J.2 p0 146.

Forewings light grey with a darker, rust coloured middle shadow,

4 l

ab. contacta Esper. Fur. Schmett, 179 O^p. 496. pi. I^I f . 2.

Forewings dull red-brown.

ab. trigut ta Esper. Fur. .Schmett. 1790. 4. p. 474.pl. 1 47 f.4.

Forewings light brownish- grey with a darker median band, or shadow.

ab.pallida Larapa. Ent. Tidskr. I885. 6.p. 72.

Forewings whitish-grey, transverse rows of black dots indicating the transverse

lines.

ab.nebulosus Haworth, Lep. Brit. 1803® p. 120,

Dark slaty-grey with reddish tinted central shade or band.

ab. subsetaceus Haworth. Lop. Brit. 1803 p. 120.

drey clouded with darker, almost unicolorous only the stigmata and subterminal
standing out.

ab. angustus Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1803 p. 122.

= obscura Lenz. Ostheldar Schmett Sudbayern. I927 p. 315 »

Dark brownish without the red tint.

Lenz obscura was unicolorous brown not bf own-black like atra.

ab. fuseatus Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1803 P. 122.

- melaleuca Lenz. Osthelder Schmett Sudbayern I927 p.3^5®
Blackish the stignata and subterminal line paler.

ab. grisea-fuscatus Tutt. Brit. Moot. 1992. 2. p. 142.

The black forewings dusted with grey 3cale3 especially in the basal area.

ab. atra Tutt. Brit. Nbct. 1892.2. p. 139 & 142.

Of a dull sooty black, not shining with scarcely the the slightest trace of any
markings whatever.

ab. rufa Tutt. Brit, Moot. 1892.2. p. 139 & 142.
Bright red, unicolorous.

ab. subcarnea Warren. Seitz. 1910. 3®P® 91®

Greyish flesh-colour with the median and presubmarginal shades deep brown. Hind-
wings dull white with submarginal spot and cellspot dark.

Noct. 86

p.2.

inoerta Hufn. continued.

ab. oliWacea Warren. Seitz. 1910. 3. P. 92.

Ashy grey with a strong olive flu3h,the median shade and cloud3 before the
submarginal line are deep olive. Hindwing pale to dark grey with an olive tinge.

ab. coerulescens Tutt, Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. pI39.
Pale slaty or bluish- grey, with central band.

ab.rufo-grisea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 139 & 140.

Unicolorous reddish-grey, the markings indistinct although the median shade and
stigmata are generally traceable.

ab. virgata-brunnea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. 139 & 140.

The grey tint reduced to a minimum, the prevailing colour dark brown but the
median shade stands out conspicuously.

ab. unicolor-brunnea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892* 2. p. 139 & 140.

Dark brown, more or less unicolorous, the median shade almost obsolete.

ab. fasciata Lenz. Osthelder Schmett. Sudbayern I927.p.3X5 pi. l6 f. 10.
With dark central band.

ab . junctaides Lempke. Tijdeh. , Ent. 1964. 107. p. 99. .
The orbicular and' reniform touch each other.

ab. semiconfluens Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1940. 83. p. 209. (description vol. 82. p. 197)
Instead of touching the orbicular and reniform are united by a double line.

juncta Foltin. Zts.Ost.Ent, Ver.l938.23.p.l26.

= „ confluens Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1940. 83. p. 209. (description vol. 82. p. 197)

The orbicular and reniform enclosed in one single contour, their boundary absent
at the point of juncture. Len^ke states that Pol tin’s juncta is of this form.

ab. dentatelineata Lempke. Tijdschr, Ent. 1940. 83. p. 209.

The submarginal line sharply dentated,with two clear W marks.

ab. flavilinea Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent, 1940. 83.p. 209.

The submarginal line clearly enlarged,pale yellow, sharply contrasting,

ab.sinelinea Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1940. 83.P. 209.
The submarginal line fails completely.

ab. pluriguttata Cockayne. Ent. Pec. I952. 64. p. 37«

The ground colour of the forewings is very pale and heavily sprinkled with dark
striae.

ab.postalbida Cockayne. Ent. Pec. 1952. 64. p. 37*

The ground colour of the forewing nearly black. The hindwing is v/hiti3h lightly
powdered with dark scales; there i3 a dark discoidal spot and a dark border;
fringes white. Superficially it is more like 0. gracilis than inoerta.

ab. elongata Cockayne. Ent. Aec. 1951* 63. p.229.

The orbicular stigma is greatly elongated towards the base and the elongated
portion has a dark central streak.

O 9 •.

■r

<* ’ « n

-/

Noct. 86.

p-3.

incerta Hufn. continued.

ab. griseovariegata Valle. Anim. Fenn. 1940. 4. p. 309.

'~m 0 it Y -€yy!' A A Ak y-t77* 'V

7/

W/ S .

"7 £>4

^ X> r^y*

hP>

ab.plumbea Fichardson. Ent. Fee. 1952. 64. p.272.

Forewings uniform leaden grey-brown, in which the paler reniform and orbicular
and the 3ubterrainal line are barely distinguishable. An extremely faint reddish
clouding can also be seen in the median and subterminal areas.

_

.

Noct. 87,

p. I.

Orthosia Ochs

munda Schiff. Wien Verz. 1775. P. 7b.

== geraina Borkhausen. Naturgesch. 1792. 4>p. 705.

aberrational forms etc.

munda Schiff. typical form - - the ground colour light brownish-grey with two
black spots before the subterminal.

ab. bimaculatus Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1809. p.121.

Like the typical form but pale rusty (ferruginous ). Two spots on subterminal aa in
type. Haworth apparently separated this on account of its ground colour since
he calls it "the ferruginous Drab."

ab. geminatus Haworth. Lep. Brit. 180 9. p. 12 1.

Wings ashy-grey , somewhat clouded, three twin-spots on the subterminal line instead
of the main large twin spot of the typical form.

This presumably means a chain of small spots on the subterminal as opposed to
Haworth's next form bimaculatus which had only the two main spots of the type.

ab. immaculata Staudinger. Gat. 1871. 3d. 2. p. 1 14.

The black twin spots on the subterrainal completely absent.

ab. ruf omaculata Lempke. Tijdschr. Bnt. 1940. 83. p. 215.

The spots on the subterminal not black but brownish or reddish.

ab.vittata Spuler. Schmett.Sur. 1908. 1. p.24-1.

The marginal spots developed into wedges, in all the marginal interneural spaces.

ab. pallida Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 135 & I3&*
TMtLsh or pale greyish-white ground colour.

ab. iramaculata-pallida Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 136.

Whitish or greyi3h-white,no distinct transverse lines, central shade and stigmata
rather indistinct, and no black spots on the subterminal.

ab. bimaculatus -pallida Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. 136.

Whitish or whitish-grey, the transverse lines and 3tignata generally indistinct,
one pair of small black dot3 on the subterminal.

ab. geminatus -pal lid a Tutt. Brit, Noct. 1892.2. p. 136.

Whitish or whitish- grey, with the transverse lines, central shade and stigmata
generally distinct, and two, three, or more pairs of 3 anil black spots on the
subterminal.

ab. grisea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. 135 & 136.

Dark grey ground, generally much more powdered with dark scales.

ab. immaculata-grisea Tui'fr. Brit. Noct. I892. 2. p. 136.

Dark grey ground with the transverse lines, central shade and stigmata indistinct,
and with no black spots on the subterminal.

< •

-»

.

.

•a

, a ®

. . .

■■ ■ ‘ ' *

Noct. 87

p.2.

munda Schiff,

continued

ab, bimaculatus-grisea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. 136.

Dark grey ground with the transverse lines, central shade and stignata more or
less indistinct, but with one pair of spots on the subterminal.

ab. geminatus-grisea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892,2. p. 136.

Dark grey ground, with the transverse lines, central shade and stigmata more or
less distinct, and two, three, or more pairs of small black dots on the subterminal.

ab. rufa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 135 & I3&.

Deep reddish-brown ground colour.

ab. iranaculata-rufa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. 136.

Deep reddish-brown ground without black spots on the subterminal.

ab. biraaculatus-rufa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p, 136.

Deep reddish-brown ground with one pair of black spots on the subterminal.

ab. geminatus-rufa Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892.2.p. 136.

Deep reddish-brown ground with two, three, or more pairs of black spots on the
subterminal.

ab.kammeli Hebei. Verh.zool. -bot. Ges.V/ien. I923*7^»P» (96).

The ground colour of the forewing strongly powdered with blackish-brown, the
3tignata outlined in ochre-yellow, the marginal two black snots very strong,
the transverse lines washed out, the most distinctly marked being the central
shade, the fringes strongly powdered grey, with much sharper marked pale basal line.
Hindwing blackish-grey much darker than in typical form, the central portion of
the fringes dark grey. Head, thorax and abdomen dark grey. Underside of all wings
deep blackish with paler brownish fringes.

ab.cruda Foltin. Zt 3. Ost. Snt. Ver. I938.23.P. 126.

The transverse lines bordering the middle field standing out very strongLy.

ab. obsolescens Lenz. Osthelder Schmett. Sudbayern. I927.P. 3^7*
All markings more or less lost in the ground colour.

ab. fasciata Lenz. Osthelder Schmett. Sudbayern I927. p. 3I7»
With a dark middle shadow or central band.

ab. semiconfluens Lempke. Tijdschr. Bnt. 1940. 83. p.2I5. (description vol. 83. p. 197 )
Instead of joining by their contours the reniform and orbicular are united by a
double line.

ab. striata Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892,2.p. 136.

On the forewing there are two black logitudinal lines, one running along the
subcostal, nervure between the abbreviated and complete basal lines, the other along
the median nervure, from the abbreviated basal line (at the origin of the former
line), till it joins the dark spot filling up the lower part of the reniform. There
is also a black quadrate spot between the stignata,the orbicular being almost
indistinguishable, besides which the transverse lines are well marked.

ab.strigata Slastshevsky. Horae Soc. Bnt. Hoss. I9II. 40. p. 84-85.

In one d of ab. immaculata the two transverse lines are very distinctly pronounced
giving the specimen a completely different appearance.

In his latin decription the author does not mention the fact that the example is
immacul at a, otherwise the form i3 a synonym of ab.cruda Foltin.

Noct. 87.

p.3.

munda Schiff,

continued

ab.. r enilinea Cockayne. Tint. 3ec. &4. p. 36.

There i3 a narrow wedge-shaped streak of dark scales running from the lower end
of the renifona almost as far a3 the antemedian row of dots.

ab. albescens Cockayne. 3nt. fee. I932.64.p. 37-pl-2 f. 14.

All parts are whitish with a slight tinge of rufous, the usual markings are present
in a slightly darker shade of the same colour. Albinistic form.

ab.flavo-linea Sichardson. 3ntora. 1958. 91. P.212; pi. 4,f.3.

The pale yellow subterminal line is strongly contrasted with the uniform deeo
orange-brown of the forewings.

*

,

Noct. 88. Orthosia Ochs.

p. I.

advena Schiff. Vie n. 7 e r z . 1 7 75 •

= opima Hubner. Saroal. Eur. Schmett. 1808-09* fig. 424.

= di3tinctae Hobson. Young Nat. 1888. 9. p. 122.

= virgata Lenz. Osthelder Schmett. Sudbayern I927 p.3l6*

ab.firraa Hubner. Samml. 5ur. Schmett. I808-09.pl. 14-7 f. 676.

Darker ground colour than typ e ,purplish-grey . Hindwings also darker. The main feature
appears to be the middle shadow which runs from the inner margin upwards, and
between the reniform and orbicular , instead of enclosing the orbicular ,in other
words the dark, central area is narrowed.

ab.raediolugens Schultz. Ill. Zts.Ent. I900.5.p*349*

The dark median 3hade, found in typical specimens, is especially strong and broadened
and occupies almost the whole of the median area.

Presumably with a darker, more conspicuous median band than the type.

advena Schiff. (opima Hbn) typical form - - purplish grey, the transverse lines
very strong and enclosing a dark median band, the subterminal also strong. Prom
Hubner ' s f igur e.

ab. grisea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 143 & 144.

= griseor Strand, Arch. Naturg, 1916. 82.A2.P.30.

Greyish-white with the central shade quite or almost obsolete.

Strands griseor was " Greyer , without rufous suffusion in the median area only an
indistinct median shadow."

The "cinerae" of Robson would appear to be a group name so it is not used in
place of grisea Tutt, although it has priority. (Young Nat. 1888. 9. p. 122 )

ab.virgata-grisea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. 143 & 144.

Greyish-white with the central shade developed into a band enclosing the stignata

ab, intermedia Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. 143 & 144.

= obscura Lenz. Osthelder Schmett. Sudbayern I927 p.3I&.

Greyish-brown, the smoky-brown central shade infuses the whole of the forewing
which thus becomes of a greyish smoky-brown colour, not deep bro wn of bruunea.
Lenz obscura had besides the greyish-black middle field, the basal and marginal
fields also dark grey. This would seem to make it little different from Tutt's
intermedia.

Robson in Young Nat, 1888. 9. p. 122 gives for this form the name"fuscatae" which is
a group name so not used in place of Tutt's intermedia although it has priority.

ab. brunnea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. 143 & 144.

Dark brown, with the stignata outlined in paler and the subterminal paler through¬
out its length.

ab. nigra Lempke, Tijdschr,Ent. 1940. 83. p. 213,

Porewing3 blackish, the circumscription of the stignata and submarginal line pale.

ab. f uscus Robson. Young Nat. 1888. 9. p. 122.

= unicolor Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 143 & 144.

= rufo-fusca Strand. Arch. Naturg. 1916.82. A2.p. 30.

Unicolorous dark brown with no band.

Tutt’ 3 unicolor was dark brown, unicolorous, even the stignata and subterminal
blend with the ground colour.

Strand's rufo-fusca was wholly suffused with fuscous-brown with a reddish tinge.

ab. lativittata Cockayne. Ent. Rec. 1951* 63. p. 229.

The ground colour blackish-brown becoming a little lighter in the distal part of
the wing where the nervures are darker than the ground. The white submarginal
line i3 more than double the normal width.

Moot. 88.

p.2.

advena Schif f . ( opima Hbn) oontinued.

_

.

. .

Noct. 89,

P*I.

Orthosia Ochs

gracilis Schiff. Wien.Verz. 1775. P*7&*

= collinita S3per. Bur. Schraett. 1787-89?. 4 (2).p.505 pi. 152 f.6.
= lepida 3rahm. Ins. Kal. 1791.2 p.271.

= sparsus Haworth. 1809. p. 122.

aberrational forms etc.

ab. pallida Stephens . Ill. Haust. 1829.2. p. I43.

Forewings of a nearly uniform pale rufous-brown with the stignat a, having a slender
pale margin, alone conspicuous. The subterminal rufous, margined externally with
pale ochraeeous, followed by a row of very minute fuscous aots.Hindwings rather
dusky with the cilia pale rufescent.

Tutt's description of this form is ” greyish-white " ,he makes no mention of the
rufous subterminal which is not common in gracilis. Lempke also describes it as
"greyish-white without black scales'.' The form would seem to be quite different
from thi3 and probably named because the reddish subterminal was conspicuous on
the pale rufous-brown ground.

gracilis Schiff. typical form - - the ground colour light grey, strongly dustedwf^
black scales.

ab. rosea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2.p. 143.

Pale reddish or orange, not mottled with black scales.

Tutt says these are "miniosa coloured',' stating that Guenee erroneously referred
the form to Stephens pallida, he then makes the extraordinary statement that
pallida i3 a "white" form, despite Stephens own description of'pale rufous-brown"
If the form is not a synonym of pallida Stephens it must be confined to specimens
of a definite reddish tone.

ab. rosea-sparsus Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. 1 43 & I4o.
Pale reddish or orange,mottled with black scales.

ab.rufescens Cockerell. Bntom. 1889.22. p. 4. (Proc. S. Lond. But. Soc. I88o.p. )

The ground colour "reddish".

Cockerell named this form from specimens exhibited by Mr. S. Adkin at a meeting of
the South London Bnt.3oc.om March 4th. 1886 where they were merely described as
"reddish" forms from Kent Marshes, the form being also taken by Mr. Carrington in the
Mew Forest. He thought it was really the Hannoch form .

Tutt is therefore quite wrong in describing the form as "very dark rad-brown" ,he
refers to specimens exhibited by Mr. P. Bright and gives the reference Bnt.Sec. I p.
2l6 but here also they are descibed as "red".

ab. brunnea Tutt, Brit. Noct. I892. 2.p. 145 & 146.

The ground colour dull red-brown or almost unicolorous dark-brown. New Forest.
Tutt refers in this description to ab. rufa and says brunnea is an extreme form of
it, it would appear to be a mistake and should read rufescen3.

ab. obscurior Strand. Arch. Maturg. 1916.82. A2.p. 30.

Forewing suffused pfith fuscous-brown.

Possibly a synonym of the preceding brunnea Tutt but since Tutt’s form was from
the New Forest it is most likely brunnea ha3 a strong tint of red despite his
first description on p.I45 "unicolorous dark-brown" , which he contradicts on the
next page, "dull red-brown".

Tibet. 89,

p. 2.

gracilis :3chiff. continued

ab. obscura Lenz. Osthelder. Schmett. Sudbayern. I927. p. 317.
The ground colour dark grey.

ab. nigra Turner. Bnt. Bee. 1940. 52. Suppl.p. (225)

Entirely black, except the edging of the stignata and the subterminal line which
remain pale.

ab. alba Cockayne. Bnt, Sec. 1951* 63. p. 229.pl. 7 f*. I.

The head, thorax, abdomen and forewings white or very pale cream, the black dots
of the po3tmedian row are very small, the stignata scarcely visible. Hindwing white
but in some examples there are some grey scales near the margin.

ab.marmorata Lenz. Osthelder Schmett. Sudbayern I927.P. 3I7»
Dark striations,or dashes, on the pale ground.

This probably means the row of postmedian spots are elongated.

ab. nictitans Lenz. Osthelder Schmett. Sudbayern. I927.P. 31o«

With lighter edges to the stigmata and subterminal line.

These apparently lighter than the ground colour, thus standing out distinctly.

ab. obsolescens Lenz. Osthelder Schmett. Sudbayern I927.P. 3I&.
All the markings more or leas lost in the ground colour.

ab. cruda Lenz. Osthelder Schmett. Sudbayern I927.P. 3I&.

The transverse lines bordering the middle field dark and sharply defined.

ab, fasciata Wehrli. Verh. N. Ges. Basel. 1917* 28. p. 241.

= fasciata Lenz. Osthelder Sudbayern I927.p.3l6.

With dark central band and the reniform darkened.

ab. ruf annul ata Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1940. 83. p. 212.

The edging of the 3tignata and the subterminal line reddish.

ab. flavilinea Lempke. Tijdschr.Bnt. 1940. 83.0. 212.

The submarginal line yellow without dark inner edge.

ab. sinelinea Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1940. 83.p. 212.
The submarginal line fail3.

ab. juncta Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. I940.83.p.2I2. (description vol. 82. p. 197. )
The contours of the orbicular and reniform touch each other.

ab. nigro-linea Bichard son. Sntom. 1958. 91. P* 212; pi. 4,f . 4.

The forewings crossed by a strongly-marked dark subterminal line, edged
externally with white. This line starts at the inner margin but ends just short
of the costa, Narrow basal area slightly suffused.

Noct. 90

P.I.

Panolis Hubner,

flammea Schiff. Wien. Verz. 1775. p. 87.

= piniperda Panzer. Kob. Naturg.Forlphal. I786.5i.pl. I f. II.
= telif era Payk. Vet. Akad. Stockh. 1786. 48. p. 60.

= spreta Fab. Mantissa. 1787* 2.p. 124.

= pini Vill. Linn. Syst. Mat. 1789. 2. p.278.

aberrational forms etc.

ab. griseo-variegata Goaze. Snt. Beitr. I781. 3- (3) «p. 250.

Intermediate between the red and grey forms, the red and grey mingled.

flammea Schiff. typical form - - bright red, without grey.

ab. grisea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2.p. 12 9.

The red colours almost absent and replaced by greenish- grey, the stigaata also
shaded slightly inside with the same colour.

ab. flavescens Lerapke. Tijdschr. Snt. 1940. 83. p.206.
Forewings yellowish-brown, without red.

ab.purpureo-fusca Preissecker. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien. 1922. 72. p. (93)

Strongly darkened. For swings up to the subterminal pale grey area, are blackish red'
brown 'with black and white fringes.. Hindwings nearly black with white fringes.The
body and underside darker than typical examples. Description in vol. 65 p. (201 ).

ab. insulata Brundin. Snt. Tidskr. 1925. 46. p. 36. figured.

“ albojuncta Turner. (Cockayne). Snt. Sec. 1939. Suppl.p. (204) .

The figure shows the white stignata joined by 'white stripes (from the upper and
lower part of the renif orm to the orbicular ) thu3 forming a large white wedge in
the centre of which a small square spot of normal ground colour remains. The white
of the orbicular is extended towards the base in a point completing ‘the wedge-shape.
Turner's albojuncta had "a clear white stripe joining the stignata". He gives the
name to a description sent to him by "E. A. C. "which we of course know is Dr. S. A.
Cockayne but other authors, not knowing this, will assume that it is Turner's name
and rightly so. It is difficult to understand why he gave it another name when he
described the figure of insulata 3rundin,an identical specimen, on the previous page.

ab. clausa Lempke. Tijdschr. Snt. 1940. 33»P»207. (described vol. 82 p. 197)
The first and second transverse lines join at the inner margin.

ab,juncta Lempke. Tijdschr. Snt. 1940. 83. p. 207* (desriotion vol82.p. 197)
The contours of the orbicular and reniform touch each other.

ab. semiconfluens Lempke. Tijdschr. Snt. 1940. 83. p.207. (description vol. 82. p. 197 )
Instead of touching each other the reniform and orbicular are joined by a double
line.

ab. confluens Lempke. Tijdschr. Snt. 1940. 83. p. 207. (description vol. 82. p. I97)

The orbicular and reniform forming one single contour, their normal boundary absent
at the point of juncture.

"Joct. 9 0. flaramea Schiff .

p.2.

ab. reducta Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1940* 83. p. 207.
The orbicular stigjna absent.

continued.

Noct. 91.

p. I.

Heliophobus Bsd.

albioolon Hubner. Saraml. Eur. Schraett. 1809. fig. 542.

aberrational forms ate.

albicolon Hbn. typical form - - The ground colour clay-gray,
ab. cinerascens Tutt. Entom. 1889. 22. p.233.

The English form which is much greyer than Continental specimens. Forewings ashy-
grey, strongly sprinkled with black atoms, with all the markings distinct.

ab. brunnea Tutt. Entom, 1889. 22. p.233.

Forewings dark brown all the markings very distinct.

Tutt with his usual clarity then gives quite another description of this form
the var A of Guenee of which G-uenee says -"Forewings yellowish-brown more or less
pricked out in blackish, with the subterminal line of a yellowish white, broken up
but well marked, the ordinary lines more distinct than in type." Both of these
descriptions are said to represent Hubner 's fig. 543. which in our copy is much
paler than J42. Tutt is apparently mixed in his mind regarding Hubner' s two
figures, the one Tutt first describes as dark brown being fig. 542 not the one
Guenee cites 543. The first description must be taken for brunnea.

ab. substriata Cockayne. Ent. Rec. 195 1. 63. p.229 pi. 7 f.2.

Between the postmedian and subterminal lines the interneural spaces are cream-
coloured and only very sparsely powdered with dark scales; the nervures are dark.
Thus there is a broad pale band crossed by dark nervures. . The cream submarginal
line i3 present.

.

. .

’

■

Eoct. 92

p. I.

Heliophobu3 B3d

calcatrippae View. Tab. Verz. 1790*2. p. 71.

= reticulata Vill. (nom.preoe. ) Linn. Ent. 1789.2. p. 2^4.
= saponariae Borkh. Eur. Schmett. 1792. 4. p. 3701.

= typica Hubner, Saimnl. Eur. Schmett. I803.pl. 12 f. 58.

- typicoidina Haworths Prodomus 1801.

aberrational forms etc.

3ubsp.raarginosa Haworth. Lep. Brit. 180 9. p. 195*

The English race. The ground colour and general appearance lighter than the typical
form, which does not occur in England. The ground colour is in both fore and hind-
wings straw-coloured.

subsp. hibernica Cockayne. Ent. Pec. 1944. 36. p. 55.

Ireland. Bather smaller than the English race and the typical form but with the
same fuscous mar kings, though of a darker shade. The ground colour is pink.

ab.kitti Schawerda. Jahrb.Wien ent.Ver. 1914. 24. p. 125.

Remarkable by their black ground colour and pure white mar kings, without reddish
tinge. The white transverse lines appear single, not doubled. Hindwings blackish-grey

.

.

,

<

♦

Moot. 93

P.I.

Tholera Hbn,

how H%C'T'iU,( *o

popularis P. §7 at, "Hint. I775*P* 577.

= lolii Ssper. Sur. Schmett. 1782. 3.p. 241. pi. 48 f. 1-5.
- popularius Haworth. Lep. Brit. I803.p. 117.

= typicoide3 Donovan. Wat. Hist. Brit. Ins. I8II.pl. 305.

aberrational forms etc.

ab. araarginata Schawerda. Verb. zool. -bot. Ges. Wien. 1927. 77. p. ( 82 ) .

Strongly marked white veins and 3tignata, normally dark ground but without the
whitish pre-marginal zig-zag line.

ab. saraiconfluens Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1940. 83 p. 222. (description vol. 82. p. 197)
Instead of joining the stignata are united by a double line.

ab. pallida Cockayne. Entom. 1937*70. P* 193* pi* 4 f* 3 &4*

Ground colour of head, legs, thorax, abdomen and forewings very light brown,almost
concolorous with the nervures,very like the colour of the palest C. lutosa Hbn.
transverse lines dark brown; the stignaya outlined with brown; the row of wedge-
shaped marks in the margin dark, but lighter than in normal specimens and showing
very clearly in the pale submarginal band; marginal band light brown ; fringes
like the ground colour but with slightly darker edge. Hindwings greyish-white,
with a faint grey submarginal band and a line of the same colour internal to it.

/V 1 sy CclUcfi ori)

ab. nigrescens van 7/isselingh. Ent. Ber. (^ynst. ) I954*I5.P* 18.

Melanistic form which at first sight appears to be a T. cespitis.

Apparently blackish, the description is insufficient.

*

.

. .

.

Moot. 94,

P. I.

Tholera ITbn,

ce3pit±3 Schiff. Wien Verz. I775»p. 82.
= hordei Schrnk. Faun. Boia. 1802.2 ( I) ,p.

aberrational forms etc.

ab. confinis Stephens. Ill.Haust. 1827. 2.p. 109.

Pale ground colour. Forewings pale ashy-brown, the transverse lines dusky, before
the margin an undulated striga composed of whitish lunules,the outer margin
immaculate. The space between the stignata and behind the posterior one blackish.
Hindwings ashy-white very obscurely tinted with dusky towards the costal angle
of the hind margin.

ab. desyllesi Boisduval. Ind.Meth. p.II3.

= ferruginea Hofn. Soc. 3nt. 1887*2. p. 12 1.

According to Draudt(in Seitz 3 suppl. p. 109) the desyllesi of Boisduval, treated as
a species in the main volume (Seitz 3 P. 183, i3 an aberration of cespitis,the Types
having been examined. Dr audt states that it is the pale reddish-brown form of
cespitis and that ferruginea Hofn. is a synonym. This I doubt since the descriptior.
of desyllesi says the f brewings fuscous with no mention of pale reddish-brown.

The description reads- Forewings fuscous, ordinary lines rather obscure, subterminal
white, also the sharply marked reniform, orbicular pale, fuscous ringed. H. -wgs whitidi
ferruginea Hofn. is therefore treated as a different, form below.

ab. f erruginea Hofn Soc. Ent. I887. 2. p. 121.

Head, thorax and forewings red-brown, transverse lines subterminal and stignata
sulphur yellow; hindwings of <S almost wholly v/hite but in the 9 paler than in the
typical form.

Description from Turner’s Brit. Hoct. . I have not seen the original.

ab. decolor Sohn . Soc. Snt. I896. XI. p. IF).

The black-brown ground, usually invariable in cespitis, in this form varies from
dark ochre-brown to a quite yellow-brown,the palest exarmies almost without
markings. Hindv/ing3 quite white as far as the very fine yellow-grey outer-margin.

ab. semiconfluens Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1940. 83. p.222. (description vol. 82 p.I97)
Instead of joining the stigmata are united by a double line.

rfoct. 95.

p. i.

Ger apteryx Gurtis.

graminis Linn. Sy3t. Nat. I858.Ed. )C.p. 306.
- gramineus Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1803. p. I 17*

aberrational forms etc.

gramini3 Linn, typical form - - the ground colour greyish, the markings whitish

ab. tricuspis Esper. Eur. Schmett. 1786. 3. p. 34S»pl. f.2.

Forewings red-brown, unicolorous except for the dull ochreous grey stigmata and
branched basal line.

The figure in our copy is very drab showing hardly any markings.

ab.albineura Boisduval. leones I84I.pl. JA f. 4.

The coloured figure show the veins white throughout, whitish as they near the outer
margin, and well outlined in black.

ab. hibernicu3 Curtis. Brit. Snt. 1833. p. 451.

Bull yellowish-brown, the markings pale ochreous , soma of them relieved, partially,
by dark brown. Hindwings .fuscous.

ab. albipunctata Lampa. Ent. Tidskr. I884.p. l6l.

Forewings red-brown with blackish nervures and with a white spot at the lower
corner of the reniform.

ab. brunnea Lampa. Snt. Tidskr. 1884. 5-p. Iol.

The ground colour red-brown.

Lampa obviously meant this as distinct from the greyish typical form but Tutt
in his Brit. Noct 3ays the name is too vague and useless as a varietal one.

ab. rufa Tutt. Entom. 1889. 22. p. 134.

This is Hubner's fig. 143. Forewings dark reddish; the wedge-shaped spots parallel
to the outer margin are preceded by a pale band. The lower part of the reniform
showing a distinct white spot with two branches, and white central line.

An unnecessary name, covered by the preceding brunnea, and only separable by the
pale submarginal band which is of a distinct red tone in Hubner's figure, from
which Tutt named it.

ab. rufo-costa Tutt. Ent om. 1889.22. p. I34.

This is Hubner’s fig. 480. according to Tutt who gives the following description -
’’Forewings grey with bright red costa from base to apex; stignata ochreous also the
branched median nervure; the part of the wing just around the stignata dark reddish
-brown; beyond the reniform a broad red patch extends from the costa to the inner
margin"

It is little different from the preceding brunnea and quite unnecessary, the artist
painted the costa slightly more red than in fig. 143 (rufa Tutt).

Tutt says this name should include all forms with a red costa.

ab. ochrea Tutt. Entom. 1889. 22. p. 155. (Ssper Eur. Schmett. 3. pi. 68 f. 3. )

Forewings pale ochreous-yellow,with dark nervures and whitish or ochreous 3tignata
and bifid line. It is figured as the 9 of tricuspis in Esper 's Eur. Schmett, pi. 08
fig. 3.

ab.pallida Tutt. Entom. 1889.22. p. 135.

Forewings dark grey, unicolorous, but with white central line developed into a broad
white band, including the cl av if orm, orbicular and reniform and extending over the
whole centre of the wing.

c

Moot. 95.

P.2.

graminis Linn. continued

ab. obsoleta Tutt. Sntom. 1889. 22. p. 155.

Fprewings unicolorous dark grey, with no pale markings whatever except the trifid
mark made up of the reniform and a bifid patch joined below it.

ab.grisea Spuler. Schmett,Sur. 1905. 1.p. 167.

Grey with an extremely well defined dark central area; in the 6 the dark markings
apre strongly developed.

Pssibly synonymous with the type.

ab.manca Ljungdahl. 3nt. Tidskr. 1918. 39. p. 83. fig.

Outer half of the forewing uniformly grey-brown with no trace of the usual arrow-
headed spots and coloured veins. The central area is dark shaded, the orbicular
absent; the reniform v/hich is lighter than the ground colour is like a sickle¬
shaped streak, the prominent spot below the reniform is continued along below the
discal vein as a wide obscurely margined streak.

The figure shows the normally slightly darker spots or patches, situated on the
outer edge of the reniform and below the bifid mark, much darker than u3ual,but the
black arrow heads can be faintly seen.

ab. furiosa Bang-Haas. Iris I9I0.24.p. 38.

The ground colour bright rose.

Described from Central Asia and may be confined to the race megala Alph.

ab. juncta Lerapke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1940. 83.p.2o6. (description vol. 82 p.197)

The contours of the orbicular and reniform touch each other, but remain distinct.

ab.radiata Bryk. Ent. fundsch. I93&. 53. P* 159 fig. 4 & p. l6o.

Striking form. The middle and end spot of the cell disappeared and the pale mark
below the reniform, together with the outwardly rayed oale 3pots,are fused together.
The description is extremely poor giving no idea of the figure. This shows the
stigmata connecting with the pale basal stripe in a broad white suffused patch
completely hiding the contours of the stigmata and then continuing to enclose the
white soot below the reniform and reaching the blackish wedge-shaped spots before
the margin. This white area forms a large triangle from the base outwards to the
marginal spots, the costa, inner margin and outer margin remaining brown.

Noct, 96,

p. I.

Xylorayges Guen,

conspicillaris Linn. Syst. Nat. I758.Ed. X.p. 515*

= musicalis Esp. Bur. Schmett. 1777?* 4.p. 478 pi. 147 f.5.

= medio-linea Tutt. Brit, Noct. 1 891. 1 p. 70. (Hubner fig. 237)
= 9 inu3ta Brahm. In3. Kal. TJ31. 2.p, 6l. (3sp.pl. 134 f. 5.

= 9 intermedia Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1891. 1.p. 70.

aberrational forms etc.

conspicillaris Linn, typical form - - the ground colour light greyish

intermedia Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1891. I.p. 70.

Described as an aberration but is the female of the typical form. The middle of the
forewing darkened leaving a large oblong space at the tip, from the reniform almost
to the apex, of an ochreou3 colour. 'The dark colour is much more limited than in
melaleuca View.

The figure in Esper called inusta by Brahm would seem to be the same female form.

ab. melaleuca Viewig. Tab. Verz. 1790.2. p. 68.pl. I f.5.

= praeusta Brahm. Ins. Kal. 1791. 2.p.55» ( Esper *3 Schmett. pi. 134 fig. 6. )

= leuconota Donovan. Mat. Hist. Brit. Ins. 1804 I3.p. 453. fig*

The more usual English form. The forewings mostly greyi3h-black,the inner margin,
and a submarginal stripe, of an ochreous or greyish-white colour, the latter
interrupted in the middle by black; the margins outside the pale stripe dark grey.
The form is figured by Hubner in Saraml.Eur. Schmett.pl. 49 fig. 236. as conspicillari
Brahm's praeusta figured in Esper would seem to be little different allowing for
the bad figures in that work.

Donovan’s leuconota is also melaleuca.

ab. grisea Trautm ann, Ent. Z. 1903. l6. p. 78.

The forewings pale yellowjLsh -grey, thorax same, colour ,, the markings of the type
form.

ab. volandi Philipps Ent. Z. 1920. 33*P» 103-

Uniformly pale grey without black and white marking but on the pale white hindwing
the nervures 3tand out sharply black and the discal 3pot is more strongly emphasis-
ed than in the typical form.

Noct. 97

P. I.

Meliana Glut t is

flammea Curtis. Brit. Ent. 1828. 9. p. 20 1.

aberrational forms efc.