|/6 THE STAMPS OF THE CANAL ZONE By WM. EVANS, M. D. IT IS FORTUNATE INDEED THAT THE STAMPS OF THE CANAL ZONE WERE SO THOROUGHLY STUDIED AT THE TIME OF THEIR ISSUE. RICH IN THEIR HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE THESE STAMPS ARE ALSO RICH IN THEIR PHILATELIC INTEREST Balboa Taking Possession of the Pacific Ocean SEVERN -WYLIE-JEWETT CO. HANDBOOK No. 19 PRICE 20 CENTS PUBLISHED BY SEVERN-WYLIE-JEWETT CO. Publishers of MekeeF s Weekly Stamp News BOSTON, MASS. K it INDEX Page Chapter I — Early History of Panama ------ 3 II — The Canal Zone -. - - - - - - 3 III — The Four Panama Surcharges ----- 4 IV — 1904 Temporary Issue - -- -- -- 5 V— 1904 Surcharged on U. S. - - - - - - 7 VI — Canal Zone Settings - - - - - - - 8 VII— One Cent Green, 1904-06 ------ 9 VIII— Two Cent Rose, 1904-06 - - - - - - 10 IX— Five Cents Blue, 1904-0*6 - 11 X— "8cts" on 50c Bistre Brown, 1904-06 14 XI— Ten Cents Yellow, 1904-06 ------ 17 " - XII— 1905, 2c and "8cts" on 50c ----- - 18 XIII — One Cent on Twenty Centavos Violet 19 XIV— Two Cents on One Peso ------ 23 XV— "8cts" on Fifty Centavos - - - - - - 24 XVI — Another "8cts." Surcharge - - - - - 25 " XVII— 1906 Issue Panama Designs ------ 26 '• XVIII— Issue of 1909 - - - - - - - - - 28 XIX— 1911-14, 10c Values -------- 29 XX — Issue of 1915 - -- -- -- --30 XXI— Postage Due 31 " XXII— Official and Registered Letter Seals - - - - 32 " XXIII— Stationery - - - - - - - - -32 XXIV — Canal Zone Auction Prices ------ 33 POSTAGE STAMPS OF THE CANAL ZONE By William Evans, M. D. CHAPTER I. Early History of Panama. The great discoverer, Christopher Columbus, made his last voyage in 1502. It was then that he sailed into the lagoon of Chiriqui, and established a colony at Belen, which was the first settlement of Panama. This colony did not thrive and was abandoned in a short time. Nicuesa fared better when eight years afterward he formed a settlement at Portobello, as his venture became per- manent. On Sept. 26, 1513, Balboa first reached the Pacific Ocean. The next year, Pedro Arias de Avilla, lured on by reports of the vast wealth of the country, which was then known as Castilla de Oro, settled at Panama, and removed the seat of government to that city. This city flourished until 1671, when it was sacked by Morgan and his buccaneers, who after three weeks of murder and rapine, carried off six hun- dred of its inhabitants as prisoners, and left behind a mass of ruins. Villacorta founded a new city in 1673, where the present city now stands, which is six or seven miles from the site of the first Panama. A Presidency was created by the Spanish Monarch for the government of the colony of New Granada, which in- cluded the territory now known as the United States of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama. Spain continued to rule this territory until 1811, when a revolution broke out, and after thirteen years of war, the revolutionists suc- ceeded in establishing a Republic. Ven- ezuela withdrew from the Republic in 1829, and Ecuador followed the next year, and each established a separate government. The remainder continued as one State until 1903 when Panama also withdrew and set up a government of its own. Soon after the discovery of Panama the building of a canal across the Isthmus was proposed by Angel Saave- dra. This was in 1520, A number of surveys were made with this object in view. But until 1881, when the French "Company of the Inter-Oceanic Canal of Panama" actually began the work, no one attempted anything practical. And even this company did little more than begin the work, though for over twenty years it was nominally laboring at the Canal. It finally collapsed and failed and negotiations were soon opened by the United States which have resulted in the successful completion of the Canal. CHAPTER II. The Canal Zone. A strip of territory ten miles wide across the Isthmus of Panama was ceded to the United States for this purpose. This is known as the Canal Zone, and the seventeen Post Offices located in it are operated by that Government. These are located at Ancon, Cristobal, Culebra, Empire, Pedro Miguel, La Boca, Gatun, Paraiso, Bas Obispo, Bohio, Corozal, Gorgona, Las Cascadas, Miraflores, Matachin, San Pablo, and Taberuilla. The distributing office is Cristobal. All the incoming mails are received and distributed at this office, and all the out- going mails are made up for their desti- nation. The Panama Steamship, the Royal Mail, the Hamburg-American, the Bordeaux-Colon, the St. Nazaire-Colon, the United Fruit, and the Leyland-Har- rison lines of steamships carry mails from this point. The United States mails are made up into packages for each State and about one hundred of the larger cities. The administration building at Ancon is somewhat more than a mile from the Post Office, and a clerk in this building is deputized by the Director of Posts to sell stamps to those who work there, as a matter of convenience to thenL The stamps issued for use in the Canal Zone have presented to the phi- latelic world many minor varieties, and have created widespread interest. Many of the issues have been complicated, and much study has been expended upon their classification. A number of the varieties are of extreme rarity and a few of them unique. In spite of the numer- ous minor varieties which exist, it is generally conceded that all are legiti- mate, and not of the speculative charac- ter which taints the issues of a number of countries. All the evidence obtain- able indicates that they were issued to meet actual needs. In some instances errors were discovered and removed from the sheets and destroyed, and they have always been hard to obtain. The first study of these issues was made by Mr. Geo. L. Toppan, and his classification of the various issues and varieties is the most feasible one yet presented, and is the basis of the one followed here. This does not classify them in chronological order. An at- tempt to do this would produce the greatest confusion, and make the task of arrangement much harder to under- stand, and is therefore not at all ad- visable. CHAPTER ML. The Four Panama Surcharges. When the Republic of Panama estab- lished itself as a separate nation in the world family, it became necessary that it should have stamps of its own, and it proceeded to have them via the sur- charge route. There were in its pos1- session plenty of the Colombian stamps issued for the State of Panama, and these were used for the new country. Some of them, after having been sur- charged, were used for the Canal Zone, and it is necessary for the student of the stamps of the latter to have some knowledge of these Panama stamps, be- fore he can thoroughly understand his subject. There were a number of Pana- ma surcharges, but only those used in the Canal Zone need to be described here, and the others are of no interest in this connection, and consequently no mention of them will be made. The work of surcharging was done in a local printing plant, and the result is not as perfect as the work of some of our Bank Note Companies. There was apparently insufficient type on hand to do the work as it should have been done, and the indications are that it was hurried. The surcharge consists of a bar across the top of the stamp and the word "panama" at each side. The bar was intended to obliterate the word "Colombia" and it did its work, when the stamps were properly placed in the press, and a sufficient amount of ink was used. This, however, did not al- ways happen and the word can be plain- ly read in many instances. What are known as the third and fourth Panama surcharges are the ones found on Canal Zone stamps and a de- scription of them will make the study of these clearer. The third Panama surcharge was set up to print fifty stamps. It is found in two arrangements, but as one of these has never been found on Canal Zone stamps it is unnecessary to describe it. The one found in connection with the stamps of the Canal Zone was set up to cover ten horizontal rows and five ver- tical rows of stamps. The word "panama" which is 13 mm, long is on both sides of the stamp and reads in the same direction. Only two values bear- ing this surcharge were used in the Canal Zone, namely the two cents rose and the fifty centavos brown. The surcharge was printed differently on these two values. On the two cents rose it was first printed on the upper half of the sheet, which was then removed from the press, turned upside down, and then re- placed in the press and the bottom half printed. Certain errors in the sur- charge indicate this. The first stamp in the sheet has the word "panama" reading up on one side and down on the other side, instead of both reading in the same direction. This error also oc- curs on the one hundredth stamp of the sheet. This word on the upper half of the balance of the sheet reads upward while on the lower half it reads down- ward. Other errors also are found which prove the same thing, being al- ways found on complementary stamps. The fifty centavos stamp was sur- charged differently. The upper half of the sheet was printed in the same man- ner as above, but the lower half instead of being reversed, was simply pushed forward on the bed of the press until it was in the proper position and the sur- charge printed on the lower half sheet. Therefore the first and fifty-first stamps are complementary ones, and show the word _ "panama" reading upward on one side and downward on the other side, and all the other stamps of the sheet_ show it .reading upward. This surcharge was very plentifully supplied with errors. So much so that 4 it is possible to locate most of the stamps in the half sheet even when they are single specimens, and plating it is comparatively easy with the aid of some blocks and pairs. The fourth Panama surcharge differs from the third in having the word "panama" reading upward on the left side and downward on the right, and in being much freer from errors. The letters of the word are larger than those of the former surcharge and it is 15 mm. long. On part of the sheets the bar at the top is 2 mm. wide, while on others it is 2l/2 mm. It was set up to cover five horizontal rows and ten verti- cal rows, and was printed first on the left half of the sheet, and afterward on the right half. The first and sixth stamps are therefore the complementary ones in this surcharge, and in each hor- izontal row the first five and the last five stamps are complementary. The errors which occur in these two Panama surcharges will be better under- stood if described in connection with the stamps of the Canal Zone upon which they are found. Those of the fourth Panama surcharge differ some- what and it is quite likely that there were several printings of this surcharge and that some of the errors were dis- covered and corrected. The shade of ink also varies and this indicates that the printing was probably not all done at the same time. CHAPTER IV. 1904 Temporary Issue. The first series consisted of three values, 2c, 5c and 10c. These were first issued on June 24, 1904, and continued to be used for twenty-four days, or until July 17, 1904, and were not available for postage after that date. Fortunately, Dr. J. C. Perry, a sur- geon in the U. S. Marine Hospital serv- ice, and a philatelic student was sta- tioned at Ancon at this time and to his efforts and investigations we owe much of the information recorded concerning this and some of the later series. In re- gard to the first series he says : "The first issue of stamps was author- ized by executive order of the Governor of the Canal Zone, which provided that a limited number of stamps of the Pana- ma Republic should be secured and sur- charged "Canal Zone" in order to meet the demands of the postal service until the United States stamps properly sur- charged could be obtained from Wash- ington. The supply was carefully guarded and a person was only allowed to purchase, at one time, stamps to the value of one dollar silver, or fifty cents U. S. currency. The executive order al- so cautioned persons against buying or keeping quantities of these stamps, as they would not be available for postage after a certain date, and such as were in the possession of persons not be re- deemed. However, this note of warning was unnecessary as it was impossible to secure any quantity of these stamps." The order as to the number to be pur- chased at one time was evidently disre- garded as blocks of the 5c and 10c values are known containing stamps to a great- er value than that specified. The stamps purchased from the Pan- ama government to meet the require- ments of this order were the two centa- vos of the third Panama surcharge, and the 5 and 10 centavos of the fourth Panama surcharge. A new sur- charge was added by the United States authorities, which consisted of the words "canal zone" in one line of Roman capitals. This surcharge was applied by a rubber hand stamp, the ink used being of a blue black color on all three values. The surcharge on some of the stamps appears to differ slightly from that on others and the question has arisen as to whether one rubber stamp was used or more than one. On this subject, Dr. Perry in the article above quoted says : "I can positively answer that there was only one printing of the genuine speci- fied above, and that only one rubber stamp was used in surcharging the stamps placed in use by the government. Only one rubber stamp was purchased, and the person who supervised the sur- charging assures me that only one stamp was used. Some slight differences may seem to exist, but all such are due to the quantity of ink on the rubber stamp or the force with which it was applied in surcharging." These three stamps are each worthy of special study and will be taken up separately. The Two Cents Rose. This value is scarcer than either of the others and presents many more minor varieties owing to its being of the third Panama surcharge which was particu- larly well supplied with errors. In studying these stamps one must bear in mind that the Panama surcharge, con- 5 sisting of a colored bar at the top and the word "panama" at each side of the stamp in the same color as the bar, was first applied to the stamps of the Colombian Republic and that afterward the "canal zone" surcharge was ap- plied to the surcharged Panama stamps. The errors of the third Panama sur- charge are numerous. The most im- portant of these are the one mentioned above showing the word "panama" reading upward and downward on the same stamp instead of in the same di- rection on both sides of the stamp, and one in which this word is 15 mm. in- stead of 13 mm. long. This is found to occur on eight stamps in each half sheet or sixteen in the sheet. These are Nos. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98. It naturally follows that those in the upper half of the sheet have the "panama" reading upward, while those in the lower half of the sheet have it reading downward. As the other varieties are all listed below their enumeration here would be of no advantage and is quite unneces- sary. There are two varieties of the Canal Zone surcharge, inverted and double and also a combination of the two. Some of the varieties of this stamp are prob- ably unique, as for instance the lower left hand stamp of the block sold at the Thorne sale in New York in February, 1907, which has a double inverted sur- charge. As only 2,650 of this value were printed and 150 were returned from the post offices and destroyed there were consequently, only 2&]/2 sheets sur- charged with the Canal Zone surcharge, and this being hand stamped there is no possible way of knowing just how many of the stamps were treated with the in- verted surcharge nor whether they were all upon one sheet or scattered about on various sheets, but it is evident from their scarcity that not many were so treated. This being the case unique specimens are quite possible. One more of these is mentioned by Mr. Toppan which is a copy of No. 100 of the sheet with inverted surcharge, and which has the "panama" surcharge reading upward on one side and downward on the other. The list of varieties of this stamp is : 2c rose, "PANAMA" reading upward. a. "PANAMA" reading downward. b. "PANAMA" reading up and down, (Nos. 1, 10O.) c. "PANAMA" 15 mm. long, reading up. d. "PANAMA" 15 mm. long, reading down. e. "PANAMA" with last "A" accented, reading up. f. "PANAMA" with last "A" accented, reading down. g. 1st and 3rd "A" large (3, 4, 44, 56, 97, 98.) h. 1st and 3rd "A" large on both sides (5, 96). i. All "A's" in "PANAMA" large (6, 7, 94, 95). j. 3rd "A" large (21, 80). k. 2nd "A" large (35, 66). 1. 1st "A" is inverted "V" (11, 18, 83, 90). m. 2nd "A" is inverted "V" (3, 34, 44, 56, 67, 98). n. 3rd "A" is inverted "V" (25, 76). o. All "A's" are inverted "V's" (27, 74). p. "N" inverted (12, 40, 61, 89). q. 3rd "A" dropped (14, 87). r. "MA" raised (19, 42, 58, 82). s. "N" raised (23, 78). t. "P NAMA" at left (1, 40, 51) on some sheets. u. list "A" at left large and 3rd "A" dropped; 1st and 2nd "A's" at right inverted "V"s and "MA" raised (12, 58). v. 1st and 2nd "A"s inverted "V"s and "P NAMA" at right (57) not found on all sheets. w. "P" wrong font (49, 52). x. "CANAL ZONE" inverted/'PANAMA" reading downward. y. CANAL ZONE" inverted, "PANA- MA" reading upward. yl. "CANAL ZONE" inverted, "PANA- MA" 15 mm. long, reading downward. z. "CANAL ZONE" inverted, "PANA- MA"-reading upward and downward (Only one known). aa. "CANAL ZONE" double, "PANAMA" reading downward. bb. "CANAL ZONE" double, "PANAMA" reading upward. cc. "CANAL ZONE" double, both in- verted, "PANAMA" reading downward (No. 56, only one known). Five Cents Blue. This stamp is of the fourth Panama surcharge, which differs from the third principally in the size of type used and the fact that the word "panama" reads upward on the left and downward on the right, and measures 15 mm. Thus far only two varieties of this surcharge have been recorded, viz. : One in which the space between the bar and the word "panama" is 2 mm. instead of 3^ mm. and one in which there is a colon be- tween the bar and "panama." 6 Block of Eight. Property of Mr. H. P. Atherton. A block of eight of this value show- ing both these varieties is in the collec- tion of Mr. H. P. Atherton and is prob- ably unique. The Canal Zone surcharge has five varieties : double, inverted, diagonal, double both diagonal, and pairs are known one of which has escaped sur- charging. The total number of this value is- sued was 7500, and of these 725 were turned in and destroyed so that the number sold was 6775. 5c blue. a. "PANAMA" 2 mm. below bar, instead of 3% mm. on some sheets. b. Colon between bar and "PANAMA" (44, 49). c. d. e. f. of a pair. "CANAL ZONE" -inverted. "CANAL ZONE" double. "CANAL ZONE" diagonal. "CANAL ZONE" double, both diagonal. 'CANAL ZONE" missing on one stamp Ten Cents Yellow. This stamp differs from the preced- ing one in nothing except the color and value. The surcharges are the same. The varieties are: An inverted "V" for third "A" of "panama," on the 85th and 90th stamps of some of the sheets; a space of 2 mm. instead of 3 mm. be- tween "panama" and the bar; and an inverted "canal zone" surcharge ; a line between "panama" and the bar on the right, and pairs, one of which has no surcharge. A copy with the Canal Zone sur- charge inverted, and a black space be- tween the word "panama" and the bar, is in the collection of Mr. Atherton. It may be unique. 10c yellow. a. Space between bar and "PANAMA" 2 mm. b. Line between bar and "PANAMA". c. 3rd "A" an inverted "V" (85 and 90). (On some sheets.) d. Pair, one without surcharge. e. "CANAL ZONE" inverted. ea. "CANAL ZONE" inverted, line be- tween bar and "PANAMA." Mr, H. P. Atherton's Invert. CHAPTER V. 1904 Surcharged on U. S. The stamps comprising this series were issued July 18, 1904, and consisted of the current stamps of the United States, of the values of one, two, five, eight, and ten cents, surcharged in small caps, "canal zone," at the left and "panama" at the right, both words read- ing upward. The surcharging was done at Wash- ington. Only two' varieties are deemed worthy of mention by the writers upon the subject. These both occur on the eight cents stamp. The first is an "I" in place of the "L" in "canal", and the second is a badly broken "L" in "canal." Other broken letters are to be found with moderate frequency upon all the values, due either to broken type or poor 7 inking, but the two mentioned above are the only ones which are found on all sheets. The number of these stamps sent to S3 O Current Stamps of the United States Sur- charged in Black. the Zone appears in the following list : lc— 1,000,000. 2c— 5,000,000. 5c— 2,000,000. 8c— 1,000,000. 10c— 1,000,000. This is sufficient proof that the Wash- ington authorities expected that their use would be permanent. The number of each value actually sold was as follows : lc— 48,738. 2c— 68,414. 5c— 20,858. 8c— 7,032. 10c— 7,856. The following plate numbers have been recorded, and are found at either the bottom or left side of the sheet: lc— 2061, 2062, 2063, 2088, 2092, 2141, 2142, 2143, 2144. 2c— 2076, 2133, 2135, 2136, 2192, 2202, 2204, 2205, 2206, 2208, 2209, 2210, 2212, 2214, 2217. 5c— 1885, 1886, 1887, 1888. 8c— 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500. 10c— 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593. All of the remainders of all values were destroyed by burning on January 2nd and 3rd, 1906, a little more than two years after they had been with- drawn from use on December 11th, 1904. Their withdrawal was due to an agree- ment entered into between the then Secretary of War, Hon. Wm. H. Taft, and the Government of the Republic of Panama, whereby the U. S. authorities on the Zone are to purchase from the Panama authorities such stamps as are needed for their postal requirements, at sixty per cent, of their face value, and these stamps are to be surcharged by the Zone authorities with the words, "canal zone/' The reference list of this series is : lc — green. 2c — carmine. 5c — blue. 8c — puce. a. "I" for "L" in "CANAL" (No. 1 on sheet). b. "L" badly broken in "CANAL" (No. 5). 10c — orange brown. CHAPTER VI. Canal Zone Settings. The agreement between Mr. Taft and the Panama authorities resulted in a flood of varieties, due to two causes. One of these was the fact that the Canal Zone surcharge was printed upon small quantities of stamps, from copper faced type which was reset five or six times for some of the values. The other was that the stamps used were in many in- stances those which had been sur- charged by the Panama authorities, and which were resurcharged with the Canal Zone settings. It would be an extremely difficult and complicated matter to at- tempt a chronological classification of all these varieties, and for the sake of sim- plicity each value will be considered by itself. Before going into the classification it will undoubtedly be best to describe the various Canal Zone settings appearing upon this and some of the following series, as arranged by Mr. J. M. Bartels. The setting used in the printing of this surcharge was changed five times, thereby giving us six different stages, which appear on the stamps. One de- scription of these six stages or altera- tions of the setting will suffice, so that it will be unnecessary to describe them under each value, but simply to refer to them by a numeral. The type used for the surcharge was of Roman capitals. It was set to print a full sheet of on'e hundred stamps at each impression. Therefore when an er- ror is found in this surcharge it occurs but once on each sheet of 100 stamps. In the first setting we find the follow- ing varieties. On the first stamp of the sheet the letters "C" "A" and "L" are broken. The "C" is only slightly broken, the "A" has the crossbar missing, so that it resembles an inverted "V", and the "L" has the upper bar broken. On the fourth stamp, and in some instances on the third and thirty-fifth stamp also, the "L" is broken in such a manner that it resembles an "1." On the forty-first stamp the spacing between the "A" and "L" is wider than on the other stamps of the sheet. On the sixty-eighth stamp of the first few sheets printed of the two cents rose, the "L" is found sidewise. It - is probable that this error was discov- ered after a few sheets had been printed and was corrected. It occurs on no other value and hence it is concluded that the two cents value was the first one to receive this surcharge. On the eighty-seventh stamp of some sheets the "O" and "N" of "zone" are slightly be- 8 low the level of the "Z" and "E." It is difficult to explain why this did not oc- cur on all sheets, or why it does not occur on other values, since it is such a slight error as to be not quickly discov- ered and corrected. These varieties of the "canal zone" surcharge, with the exception of the last named one, which so far has been found only upon the one cent and two cents, and the dropped "L" variety which oc- curs only on the two cents, are found on the one cent green, two cents rose, five cents blue, eight cents on fifty centavos (third Panama), eight cents on fifty centavos (fourth Panama), and ten cents orange. In the second setting of the Canal Zone surcharge all of the above named errors have been corrected and the fol- lowing are found. On the thirty-second stamp a broken "Z", on the thirty-third stamp a broken "E", sometimes resembling an "F", but more frequently showing most of the bottom stroke, on the forty-second stamp an "L" so broken that it resembles an "I", and on the sixty-fifth stamp an "N" with the serif of the last stroke broken. The first and last of these broken let- ters are really very insignificant varie- ties, and but for the fact that in some of the later settings they have been replaced by letters of a different font of type would in all probability never have been listed or noted, though they occur very regularly on all or nearly all of the sheets. Broken letters occur more or less frequently on other stamps of the sheet but not with the regularity of those named above and consequently they are not noted. These regular varieties are found upon the one cent green, the two cents carmine rose, the five cents blue, the eight cents on fifty centavos with red brown surcharge, and the ten cents orange with rose brown surcharge. The third setting differs from the second in only one particular which is that upon the forty-eighth stamp of the sheet the word "zone" appears in antique type. None of the broken letters have been corrected but are found as in the second setting. This setting was printed upon the one cent green, five cents blue, eight cents on fifty centavos, ten cents orange, two cents rose (fourth Panama surcharge), and eight cents (third Panama surcharge). The fourth setting still has all of the broken letters of the second and third settings, the antique type on the forty- eighth stamp, and in addition to these varieties, on the twenty-sixth stamp the word "canal" appears in antique type. This is found on the one cent green and ten cents orange. The fifth setting retains the antique type on the twenty-sixth and forty-eighth stamp, and the broken "E" on the thirty- third one, but the broken "Z" of No. 32, "L" of No. 42, and "N" of No. 65 have been replaced by perfect letters but these are of antique type. This occurs on the five cents blue, eight cents with red brown surcharge, ten cents orange, eight cents with period on third Panama, and eight cents without period on fourth Panama. The sixth setting differs from the fifth in having on the forty-second stamp an antique "L" in addition to the "Z" of the fifth setting, and on the forty-fifth stamp an antique "Z." This setting is found only on the five cents value. CHAPTER VII. One Cent Green, 1904-06. This stamp and the two cents rose, were of a type of Panama stamps in- tended by the government to be per- manent, but the supply ordered was not large and consequently did not last very long. The design was similar to the old Colombia stamps showing the map of the Isthmus, with the words "republica de panama" at the top, numerals of value in each lower corner, and "centa- vo" in the center at the bottom. It also has the inscription "3 de novembre de 1903" in a curved label near the top. First Printing — The first Canal Zone printing of this stamp was placed on sale December 12th, 1904. Besides the usual varieties of this printing there occurred a double surcharge and an inverted sur- charge. Very few of these ever got into circulation as they were discovered by the postal authorities and destroyed with 9 By courtesy of H. F. Colman. other errors. Thus far two used copies of the first named variety have been found and three used copies of the second one are known. Second Printing — The second printing appeared late in the summer of 1905, though the stamps were printed in May of that year. Third Printing — The third printing was first seen late in 1905. Fourth Printing — The fourth printing was issued early in 1906 and must have been small as the number of stamps of this value bearing the "canal" in antique type is so far as known less than one hundred. The only reason that occurs to the writer for such a small printing is that a few sheets of this value were left on hand after the third printing and that the authorities decided to use them up at this time. There is one other vari- ety that occurs on the one cent green of this printing, viz. : on the 68th stamp the impression of the "E" is very faint and in some instances it is nearly gone. The list of this value follows. The Roman letters following the variety in- dicating the printing of the Canal Zone surcharge. This method will also ap- pear in the lists of the other stamps. lc green. a— "CANAL ZONE" double (I). b— "CANAL ZONE" inverted (I). c— "C, A, L," broken (I; No. 1). d — "L" broken (I; No. 4, sometimes Nos. 3 and 35). e — "A L" widely spaced (I; No. 41). f— "ON" below line (I; No. 871). g— "Z" broken (II, III, IV; No. 32). h— "E" broken (II, III, IV; No. 33). i— "L" broken (II, III, IV; No. 42:). j— "N" broken (II, III, IV; No. 65). k— "ZONE" antique type (III, IV; No. 48). 1— "CANAL" antique type (IV; No. 26). m — "E" nearly gone (IV; No. 68). CHAPTER VIII. Two Cent Rose, 1904-06. The design of this is the same as that of the preceding value and the sur- charge is of the same type. There were not, however, as many Canal Zone print- ings on this value, only two being known. First Printing. — The first prfhting was issued December 12th, 1904, and has the usual errors. There is besides these a double surcharge, an inverted surcharge, and the variety with the "L" sidewise, mentioned above. Dr. Perry has this to say in regard to these errors : "Dealers and collectors have been watching for errors in the current series, and some have occurred. However, these stamps are carefully examined and re-examined for the purpose of de- tecting any that may have been sur- charged. "There have occurred 2c double and inverted surcharges, and 2c in which one stamp in the sheet occurs with the 'L' dropped and printed sideways. "All these errors have been detected before the stamps were issued and have been placed aside, and were destroyed by burning on January 23rd, 1905. "Every effort has been made to se- cure some of these errors, and two deal- ers offered $5,000 for the lot, but the postal department of the Canal Zone is conducted strictly for postal needs. Still in spite of the precautions taken, the following have escaped their vigilance and have gone out." 2c — inverted surcharge, 30 to 40. 2c — dropped "L" sidewise, about 25. The 2c inverted — a few of these stamps were sold before the error in the sheet was detected and returned. Again a few sheets containing the dropped "L" were placed on sale and probably about 25 of this error got into circulation. Then this stamp was re- moved from all sheets before they were issued to the various postmasters. 920 of this error were burned together with the other errors. Although Dr. Perry does not state that the double surcharges were destroyed, no one has yet reported having seen one, and it is probable that all were burned. In the latter part of 1908 two sheets of the inverted "canal zone" surcharge were placed upon the market. Three sheets of this error must therefore have been printed and issued. As to the number of stamps printed with this surcharge Mr. Toppan says : "The fact that these errors were all destroyed on January 23rd, 1905, proves 10 beyond question, that they were all upon sheets of this printing and, as 920 of them were destroyed and 'about 25' are known to exist we should judge that the printing consisted of from 950 to 1,000 sheets, or 95,000 to 100,000 stamps." Second Printing — The errors which occur in this printing are the same as those found in the other values of the second setting, and, besides these there is known a shifted surcharge in which the "C" of "canal" is missing on the stamps of the tenth vertical row. It is probable that the supply of the two cents stamps was exhausted by these two printings, which together numbered 370,- 000 stamps, or, if not entirely exhausted, so nearly so that not enough remained for a third printing. The list for this stamp is : 2c rose. a— "CANAL ZONE" inverted (I), b— "L" of "CANAL" sideways (I; No. 08). c— "CAL" of "CANAL" broken (I; No. 1). d — "L" broken (I; No. 4, sometimes No. 3 and No. 35). e — "AL" widely spaced (I; No. 41). f — "ON" below other letters (I; No. 87). g— "Z" broken (II; No. 32). h— "E" broken (II; No. 33). i— "L" broken (II; No. 42). j— "N" broken (II; No. 65). k— "ANAL" for "CANAL" (II). CHAPTER IX. Five Cents Blue, 1904-06. This is the five cents stamp of the fourth Panama surcharge. The Canal Zone surcharge is the same as iii the pre- ceding values, and all of the six settings are found upon this value. First Printing — The first printing was upon the stamp having the narrow bar at the top. The "panama" surcharge presents a number of errors some of which are peculiar to this value, while others occur on other values. These are as follows : On the 15th and 20th stamps of the sheet a space of 5 mm, exists be- tween "panama" and the bar at the right side of the stamp, instead of r6l/2 mm. as in the normal surcharge ; on the 41st and 46th stamps the "M" of "panama" on the left is tall and thin, being from a different font of type than that used for the other letters. These two errors are so far as known found on all sheets. There are some other errors which occur on only a few sheets. It is there- fore probable that they were discovered and corrected before many sheets had been printed, or it is possible that a few sheets of another printing of the Pana- ma surcharge became mixed with those of the supply furnished to the Canal Zone authorities. On the bottom row of the sheet we find the word "anama" at the left side of eight stamps, Nos. 91, 92, 93, 95, 96, 98, 99, 100 and "panam" at the right of three, Nos. 92, 94 and 97. These errors are found upon a few sheets but are not at all common. The spelling "panaam" is found on the 41st and 46th stamps of a very few sheets. The final "A" of "panama" is above the level of the other letters on the 15th and 20th stamps of a very few sheets. The errors of the "canal zone" sur- charge are those of the first setting. Be- sides these there is known a double sur- charge. Dr. Perry says in regard to this error : "The five cents double surcharge was in a lot sent to Paraiso last August (1905) and it is supposed that practically all went on letters to Jamaica and, fall- ing into the hands of negroes, were destroyed. That it was of the first Canal Zone printing is proven by the fact that copies are known with the errors "panam" and "anama", which occur in no other printing." » The number of the first printing is- sued was 10,000 on December 12th, 1904 ; 10,000 in January, 1905, and 10,000 in March, 1905, making a total of 30,000. Reference list : 5c blue, narrow bar. a — "ANAMA" (8 times in lower row, not on all sheets), b— "PANAM" (Nos. 92, 94, 97; on a few sheets), c — "PANAMA" 5 mm. below bar (15, 20). d — "PANAAM" (41, 46) on a few sheets, e— "PANAM " (15, 20) on a few sheets, f— Tall thin "M" in "PANAMA" (41, 46). g — "CAL" broken (I). h — "L" broken (4, sometimes 3). i — "A L" widely spaced (41). j — "CANAL ZONE" double.* k — "CANAL ZONE" double and "PANAM". 1_«CANAL ZONE" double and "ANA- MA". * It is probable that the "CANAL ZONE" errors exist double but none have as yet been discovered. 11 Second Printing— The first lot of the second printing was issued May 4th, 1905, and was 10,000 in number, and the second lot, consisting of 20,000, was issued June 22, 1905. The "panama" surcharge which is the same as that of the first printing has, so far as known, but three errors. The first is the spelling "panaam". This could not be distinguished from the same error occurring in the first printing when on the 46th stamp, unless it were in a block containing some other stamp distinctive of this printing and but four or five copies are known in this condi- tion. Mr. Toppan has it in a block of nine, including Nos. 31, 32, 33, 41, 42, 43, 51, 52, 53, and the Tweedy collection has it in a block of 16, including Nos. 46 and 65. This surcharge also occurs inverted with the bar at the bottom. The other error of the "panama" sur- charge has the last "A" below the line of the remaining letters of the word, and only three or possibly four copies of this variety have thus far been discov- ered. Reference list: 5c blue. a— "PANAAM" (41, 46; 4 or 5 known). b— "PANAMA" (15, 20; 3 or 4 known). c— "Z" broken (32). d— "E" broken (33). e — "L" broken (42). f— "N" broken (65). g — Bar at bottom. Third Printing — The stamp used for the third printing in the Canal Zone was the one bearing the wide bar with the "panama" fourth surcharge. Of this printing 20,000 were issued August 21, 1905, £nd 25,000 more on September 23, 1905. The "panama" surcharge exists in two distinct shades of ink. One, proba- bly the earlier, is a bright rose carmine, and the other a dull vermilion. The errors found in the bright shade are "panawa" on Nos. 24 and 29, of some of the sheets, "panama" 16 mm. long on Nos. 25 and 30, "panama" ll/2 mm. be- low the bar instead of 3 mm. on the last horizontal row of the sheet, and "panama" 2 mm. from the bar on the second horizontal row. The surcharge is also found inverted with bar at the bottom. These same errors occur in the dull color, and, in addition to them, there is also the spelling "pamana" on Nos. 95 and 100, and a shifted surcharge with bar at bottom, and a double surcharge. To distinguish between the inverted surcharge with the bar at the bottom, and the shifted surcharge with the bar in the same position it is necessary to note the distance between the bar and the first letter of "panama." In the inverted surcharge, which was produced by placing the sheet of stamps on the press upside down, this distance is from 2 to 3 mm. In the shifted surcharge this distance is 4 to 4^4 mm. This was produced by placing the sheet in the press in such a manner that the bar fell upon the bottom of the row of stamps above the one upon the top of which it should have fallen. The bottom row of these sheets should show stamps with no bar at all, but except in one instance this variety has not been listed. Some of them will doubtless be found later. The Canal Zone surcharge of this printing is of the second setting, and is very clear and distinct, such as one would expect to see as a result of the use of new type. It is of a grayish black shade not found in this surcharge in any of the other printings of the stamp with wide bar. A few sheets of the stamp with the bright carmine surcharge were included in the lot used for the fourth printing and these show the "zone" in antique type which characterizes the third set- ting of the surcharge. Two printings having been made from the second set- ting, namely the second and third, the fourth printing was from the third set- ting, and this fact should be borne in mind with reference to this value. It occurs in no other. Reference list : 5c blue and bright carmine rose. Wide bar. a— "PANAWA" (24, 29); not on all sheets (II). b— "PANAMA" 16 mm. long (25, 30; ID. c— "PANAMA" 11 mm. below bar (91 to 100; II). d— "PANAMA" 2 mm. below bar (11 to 20; II). e — "PANAMA" inverted, bar at bottom (II). f— "Z" broken (32; II, III), g— "E" broken (38; II, III), h— "L" broken (42; II, III), i— "N" broken (65; II, III), j— "ZONE" antique type (48; III). 5c blue and dull vermilion. Wide bar. a— "PANAWA" (24, 29) not on all sheets (II). b— "PANAMA" 16 mm. long (25, 30; II). c— "PAMANA" (95, 100; II). d— "PANAMA" 11 mm. below bar (91 to 100; II). e— "PANAMA" 2 mm. below bar (11 to 20; II). f — "PANAMA" inverted, bar at bottom, g — "PANAMA" shifted, bar at bottom, h — No bar. i— "PANAMA" double (II). j— "Z" broken (32; II). k— "E" broken (33; II). 1— "L" broken (42; II). m— "N" broken (65 ; II). 12 Fourth Printing — The fourth printing consisted of 49,000 stamps of which 20,- 000 were issued on November 23, 1905, and 29,000 on January 27, 1906. The stamp used was the same as for the third printing but the surcharge is of a shade different from either of those. The shades of this and the following print- ings, are, however, considerably mixed and one cannot depend upon them to dis- tinguish between single stamps. Sheets exist showing two distinct shades which goes to show that this feature is not at all to be depended upon. The "panama" surcharge shows three errors. The spelling "pamana" occurs on the 54th and 59th stamps. The "N" of "panama" is double-lined on num- bers 53 and 58. This "N" is a peculiar letter. A triangle is formed on its right hand stroke, and extending to the middle of this stroke, and parallel with the middle stroke. The top of the triangle is the serif, the inner side is formed by the extra stroke and the outer side is the right hand stroke of the letter. Whether this is due to a defect in printing, or to a peculiarly made letter is problemati- cal. The second "A" of "panama" does not appear on Nos. 95 and 100 of some sheets. This "A" was not in reality omitted but became broken and conse- quently did not print. A wide spacing between "N" and the second "A" of "panama" also exists. The surcharge is known shifted with the bar at the bottom, and stamps are known without the bar. The "canal zone" surcharge is that of the third setting. Reference list: 5c blue and deep carmine, a— "PAMANA" (54, 59). b— "N" of "PANAMA" double-lined (53, 58). c— "PAN MA" (95, 100); not on all sheets. d — Shifted surcharge, bar at bottom, e — No bar on stamp, f— "Z" broken (32). g — "E" broken (33). h— "L" broken (42). i— "N" broken (69). i— "ZONE" antique tvpe (48). k— "N" and second "A" of "PANAMA" widely spaced. Fifth Printing — There has come to our knowledge indisputable evidence that this value received the fourth setting of the "canal zone" surcharge. This evi- dence is in the form of a photograph of eighty-four stamps of a sheet, and it fortunately contains all of the stamps uoon which the errors fall. It was fur- nished bv Mr. R. S. Nelson of Birming- ham, Alabama, who is the lucky owner. Before he discovered its extreme rarity he had removed sixteen of the stamps and disposed of them. This sheet was purchased by Mr. Nel- son from the postmaster at Paraiso, and reached him on April 16, 1906. So far as known this is an unique sheet. The printing of this value with this setting of the surcharge must have been a small one and it is probable that it was made to use up a few sheets which had re- mained on hand after some of the other printings. The "panama" surcharge contains no errors, but on the ninety-fifth stamp the second "A" is so badly broken that only the first stroke shows. As the one hundredth stamp has been removed from the sheet it cannot be stated whether or not the same break occurred upon that stamp also. Reference list : oc blue and bright carmine, a— "Z" broken (32). b— "E" broken (33). c — "L" broken (42). d1 — "N" broken (65). e — "ZONE" antique type, f — "CANAL" antique type. Sixth Printing — On March 6, 1906, there were issued 50,000 of the sixth printing and on May 9, 1906, 100,000 more, making a total of 150,000. The "panama" surcharge is in a dull, dark shade in most instances, though copies are known in a bright carmine shade, so that it is probable that a mixing of more than one Panama print- ing occurred. The "pamana" error is found on numbers 54 and 59 of the sheet and the double-lined "N" occurs on numbers 53 and 58. The first named error was on part of the sheets issued May 9, 1906. A double surcharge is known in this printing and a shifted surcharge with the bar at the bottom. The errors of the "canal zone" sur- charge are those of the fifth setting. A double surcharge is also known. Reference list : 5c blue and dark red. a — "PAMANA" (54, 59) ; on some sheets, b— "N" double-lined (53, 58). c— "PANAMA" double (20 copies known), d — "PANAMA" surcharge shifted, bar at bottom, e — No bar on stamp, f— "CANAL" antique type (26). g — "ZONE" antique type (48). h— "Z" antique type (32). i— "E" broken (33). j — "L" antique type (42). k — "N" antique type (65). Seventh Printing — The seventh print- ing was issued on August 17, 1906, and consisted of 100,000 stamps. The Pana- ma surcharge is in a lighter shade than 13 that used for any other printing and most of the sheets are more or less blurred owing to the liberal use of ink. The "pamana" spelling, and the double- lined "N" are found in the same posi- tion of the sheet as in the two preceding printings. In this printing a new error is found which is a space of 4 mm. be- tween the bar and "panama" instead of 2^2 mm. This occurs on the second horizontal row of the sheet. The "Pana- ma" surcharge is also found inverted. The, "canal zone" surcharge is that of the sixth stage of the setting. Reference list. 5c blue and carmine-vermilion, a— "PAMANA" (54, 59). b— "N" double-lined (53, 58). c — "PANAMA" 4 mm. below bar (11 to 20). d — "PANAMA" inverted, bar at bottom. e— "CANAL" antique type (26). f— "ZONE" antique type (48). g— "Z" antique type (32, 45). h — "E" broken (33). i — "Z" and "L" antique type (42). j — "N" antique type (65). CHAPTER X. "8 cts" on 50c Bistre Brown, 1904-06. First Printing — The varieties of this value are the most complicated of all of the varieties issued in the Canal Zone, and some of them are almost inexplic- able. This is largely due to the mixing by the Panama authorities of the sheets of different printings of the Panama surcharge when they were sent to the Zone. For some of the printings the Third Panama surcharge was supplied, while for others the fourth was used, and for one both were mixed together. Besides this, there is now a Third sur- charge to consider, and, in some in- stances, this adds to the problems to be solved. The stamp used was the fifty centavos of Colombia for Panama of the issue of 1896. Like the other values this stamp was surcharged with a bar through the word "Colombia" and the word "Pana- ma" was printed at each side. The Republic had no eight cents value, but the Canal Zone authorities needed this value as it represented the registration fee, and in order to supply it, it was necessary to surcharge the value upon some stamp of a different value. The choice fell upon the fifty centavos. After having received these two sur- charges by the Panama government, it went to the Zone authorities and the "canal zone" surcharge was printed up- on it. In studying this stamp it is necessary to bear in mind the fact that the panama surcharge was set up in two forms, one of which covered a vertical half, and the other an horizontal half of the sheet. For the several printings of this value issued in this series the "8 cts." sur- charge was set up to cover twenty-five stamps and four impressions were needed to finish the sheet. There are three types of the "8", called for con- venience a, b and c. In each sheet type "b" is found twenty times, type "c" four times, and type "a" seventy-six times. Type "b" always appears on numbers 35, 41, 42, 43, 44; 40, 46, 47, 48, 49; 85, 91, 92, 93, 94 ; 90, 96, 97, 98, 99 ;— that is if the sheet is divided into four blocks of twenty-five, we always find this type upon the last or fifth stamp of the fourth horizontal row of the block and upon the first four stamps of the fifth row. Type "c" appears upon numbers 45, 50, 95 and 100, or upon the fifth stamp of the fifth horizontal row of the block. The errors of the "canal zone" sur- charge are the same as those of the other values of the first printing, and besides these, two sheets are known with an inverted surcharge. These latter were not reported until 1908 when they were sold by their original owner, who purchased them at the administration building, in the regular course of busi- ness, and there can be no doubt as to their authenticity. Most of the sheets used in the first printing were of the fourth "panama" surcharge, and the only two varieties found are the ones in which the word at the right is 5 mm. instead of 3^ mm. below the bar, and the tall narrow "M" which occurs on the 41st and 46th stamps of the sheet. But three sheets of the third "pan*ama" surcharge were mixed with those of the fourth, and the varie- ties of this printing are therefore greatly increased in number as a result. The "8 cts" and "canal zone" sur- charges show the same varieties on these 14 three sheets as on those of the fourth Panama surcharge, and the "panama" surcharge has the same varieties as in the other values of the third surcharge. The total number of this printing of the eight cents for Canal Zone was 20,000, of which 19,700 were on the fourth Panama, and 300 on the third Panama. It has been ascertained that one sheet of these stamps escaped the "canal zone" surcharge and at least part, if not all of it, was sent to Germany, whence copies have come to this country. One catalog lists this as an error of Panama, but as that country had no use for an eight cents value it does not rightly belong there. It was never issued by the Canal Zone authorities and its exist- ence is doubtless due to the complais- ance of some Panama official. The same may be said of the same variety of the eight cents on third Panama sur- charge without period after "cts", and though one copy of the latter has been seen canceled, the cancellation is said to be a mere blur or daub which could easily have been applied by any one. We do not consider these stamps worthy of a place in the list of either Panama or Canal Zone. Owing to the many varieties and the complications it seems best to list each printing of this value, as Mr. Toppan has done, instead of giving one list for all of the printings. Following this plan we have for this printing: On fourth Panama. 8c on 50c bistre brown ; "8cts" type a. a — "Sets" type b. b — "8cts" type c, c — "PANAMA" 5mm. below bar at right (15, 20, or 20, 70). d— Tall thin "M" in "PANAMA" (41, 46). e — "C", "L", and "A" broken (1). f — "L" broken (4 sometimes 3). g — "AL" widely spaced (41). h — "L" broken, "Sets" type b (35 on some sheets). i — "CANAL ZONE" inverted, j — Shifted surcharge, bar at bottom. On third Panama. 8c on 50c bistre brown, "PANAMA" reading up, "Sets" type a. a — "Sets" type b. b — "8cts" type c. c — "PANAMA" reading up and down (1, 51). d— "PANAMA" 15mm. long, e — 1st and 3rd "A" large at right (3, 4, 44, 53, 54, 94). f — 1st and 3rd "A" large both sides (5, 55). g— All "A's" large at left (6, 7, 56, 57). h— 3rd "A" large at left (21, 71). i — 2nd "a' large at right (35, 85). j — At left, 1st "A" large, 3rd "A" dropped ; at right, 1st and 2nd "A's" inverted "V's", "MA" raised (42, 92). k— 1st "A" at left inverted "V" (11, 18, 61, 68). 1— 3rd "A" at left inverted "V" (14, 25, 64, 75). rn— 2nd "A" at right inverted "V" (3, 34, 44, 53, 83, 94). n— All "A's" at fight inverted "V's" (2T, 77). o— "N" at right inverted (12, 40, 62, 68). p— 3rd "A" at right accented (34, 38, 84, 88). q — 3rd "A" at left inverted "V", "MA" at right raised (19, 69). r— "N" at right raised (23, 73). s — "P" at right wrong font (49, 99). t — "P NAMA" at right (83 on some sheets). u — "P NAMA" at right, 3rd "A" accented (84 on some sheets). v — Shifted surcharge, bar at bottom, "8cts" type a. w— "CAL" of "CANAL" broken (1). x — "L" of "CANAL" broken (4). y — "AL" of "CANAL" widely spaced (41). The Second Printing — This pointing was issued on September 23, 1905, and consisted of 5,000 stamps. The Pana- ma surcharge is that of the fourth Panama type but is printed in red- brown instead of carmine. This shade being unknown in the Panama stamps, it is fair to presume that this lot was specially printed for the Zone authori- ties and that the color was changed either intentionally or through error. The errors have been corrected so far as this surcharge is concerned, but the "8ct5." is the same as in the preceding stamp, though the red-brown is also used for that surcharge One quarter of a sheet received a double surcharge of the "8cts." and one stamp has been found from which the value has been omitted. Mr. Toppan says in regard to this : "Of the other, the figure '8' is entirely omitted ; the only copy known is in Mr. Frank Tweedy's collection and came from the left vertical row of the sheet. It is not due to a misplaced surcharge, as the 'cts' is well over to the right of the stamp." The varieties of the Canal Zone sur- charge are the same as for the other values of this printing, viz. : broken "Z" on number 32, broken "E" on 33, broken "L" on 42, and broken "N" on 65. The list for this printing is therefore: 8c on 50c bistre brown, red-brown surcharge, "8" type a. a — "8" type b. b — "8" type c. c — "Sets" double, d — "8" omitted, e— "Z" broken (32). f— "E" broken (33). g_"L" broken (42). h— "N" broken (65). Third Printing — This printing is an- other of the exasperating cases of mix- ing in which the Panama authorities in- dulged in this value, and is mentioned here for the sake of simplicity and clear- ness in separating the varieties. Only a few sheets of this setting of the "Pana- ma''' and "8 cts." surcharge of this print- ing exist, and these were mixed with the sheets of this value of the fourth 15 series (on third Panama), and conse- quently were surcharged with the third Canal Zone setting. The stamps used were those with the carmine "panama" and "8 cts." surcharge of the first print- ing and the varieties of these surcharges are the same as in that printing accord- ing to Mr. Toppan, though he fails to place them in his list. The "canal zone" varieties are the broken letters on Nos. 32, 33, 42, and 65 and the "zone" of the wrong font on No. 48. The number of sheets of this stamp has, so far as I am aware, never been stated accurately but it is probably not far from twenty-five to thirty, as twenty-two copies of the 48th stamp are known to exist and a few may have gone into circulation. The whole issue consisted of 20,000, so that about one- eighth, in round numbers, were of this variety. There is no difference between these stamps and those of the first print- ing, except the ones showing the dis- tinctive varieties of the third setting of the Canal Zone surcharge, and^ unless one has some one of these varieties in a block it would not be possible to deter- mine that it was not the first printing. The list of this printing, giving only the varieties peculiar to it, is as follows : 8c on 50c bistre brown. a— "Z" broken (No. 32). b— "E" broken (No. 33). c— "L" broken (No. 42). d— "N" broken (No. 65). e— "ZONE" wrong font (No. 48). Fourth Printing — Almost nothing of a definite character is known about this printing. Mr. Toppan says concerning it: "This printing is still more mysterious than the third and, like it, has the 'Pana- ma' and '8cts' printed in carmine and is on the fourth Panama type. The mystery of the third printing has been solved but not so with this one. It must have made its appearance late in 1905. My attention was first called to it by Mr. J. C. Morgenthau, who showed me an irregular block from the lower, right half of the sheet which proved that the '8cts' overprint had been re-set. "The block in question consisted of stamps Nos. 50 to 80 inclusive vertically and was very irregular horizontally. No. 50 was, as in other printings, type c, but type b was represented only on No. 80, which in all other printings is type a. Nos. 48 and 49 were type a, in- stead of type b, as they are normally. "I also have a block of four with the bar at the bottom of the stamp instead of at the top. This block consists of Nos. 49, 50, 59 and 60 on the sheet and all are type a, except No. 50, which is type c. Normally No. 49 is type b. "I have also seen a block of this printing which has no bar at all. "Errors of the 'canal zone' surcharge exist in all probability, but what they are I am unable to state, though it is probable that they are the same as in the third printing. "The only varieties which I am en- abled to list as being of this printing are therefore the two following, and I list these only because they are unknown in any other printing. 8c on 50c bistre brown, bar at bottom of stamp. a — Bar entirely omitted from stamp." Fifth Printing — This, like the third printing, is due to mixing a few sheets of this type of surcharge with those of an entirely different type when a supply was sent to the Zone authorities. In this case a few sheets of the second printing having the red-brown "Pana- ma" and "8cts" surcharge, were in the lot supplied for this value of the fifth series and though an error it is deemed less confusing to place them here. At least ten of these sheets have thus far come to be known. Of these "three are in the collections of philatelists, of Washington, D. C. ; one is in a London collection, another has lately been ad- vertised by a New York dealer and one, or possibly two, are in collections on the Zone," says Mr. Toppan. These stamps were issued on April 23rd, 1906. The 8 cts. varieties are not different from those of the second printing and are arranged in the same manner on the sheet. The Panama surcharge has no errors. The Canal Zone surcharge shows the same errors as appear on the other sheets of the issue of the same date and are : "canal" in wrong font on No. 26, "Z" in wrong font on No. 32, "E" broken on No. 33, "L" in wrong font on No. 42, "N" in wrong font on No. 65, and "zone" in wrong font on No. 48. The "8cts." types could not of course be distinguished from those of the second printing except when in connection with some of the distinctive Canal Zone er- rors, and have for this reason been omitted from the list, which is: 8c on 50c fourth Panama red-brown surcharge, a— "CANAL" in wrong font (No. 26). b— "Z" in wrong font (No. 32). c— "E" broken (No. 33). d — "L" in wrong font (No. 42). e— "ZONE" in wrong font (No. 48). f — "N" in wrong font (No. 65). 16 CHAPTER XI. Ten Cents Yellow, 1904-06. All of the printings of this value, four in number, are upon the fourth Panama type of surcharge. First Printing — This printing was is- sued on December 12th, 1904, like the other values of the same printing and shows the same varieties. It numbered 20,000. The Panama surcharge is printed in carmine and a vertical half sheet was printed at a time. There are but three varieties of it, viz. : that having the "panama" 5 mm. below the bar at the right on the 15th and 20th stamps of the sheet, and that having the tall thin "M" in "panama'"' on the 41st and 46th stamps, and a double surcharge. The varieties of the Canal Zone sur- charge are as in the other values of the first setting. The list is therefore : 10c yellow, carmine. a— "PANAMA" 5 mm. below bar (15, 20). b— "M" in "PANAMA" tall and thin (41, 46). c — Panama surcharge double, d — "C", "A", and "L" broken (1). e — "L" broken (4, sometimes 3). f — "A L" widely spaced (41). Second Printing — This printing was issued in the fall of 1905. Dr. Perry states that there were 25,000 of these stamps issued, but other writers upon the subject think this number is too high as the stamp is extremely scarce. It is in fact harder to obtain than the second printing of the eight cents of which only 5,000 were issued. It is on the fourth type of Panama stamps but the surcharge is of a brown orange color instead of carmine. So far no varieties of this surcharge have been recorded. Of the Canal Zone surcharge the va- rieties are four in number, being the same as those of the second printing of the other values, and are the broken letters on Nos. 32, 33, 42 and 65 of the sheet. The list of this printing is : 10c yellow, rose-brown surcharge, a— "Z" broken (No. 32). b— "E" broken (No. 33). c— "L" broken (No. 42). d— "N" broken (No. 65). Third Printing — This printing was is- sued early in 1906, and consisted of 20,- 000 stamps. The Canal Zone surcharge of the III stage of the setting does not vary from the same stage of the other values, but the latest information tends to the belief that two Panama printings, known as the fifth and sixth, were in- cluded in the sheets sent to the Zone authorities. These differ from each other in the shade of the surcharge and in having the spelling "pamana" upon one and not upon the other. Otherwise they are the same. The varieties which are common to both printings are: In- verted "M" on Nos. 24 and 29, "Pana- ma" 16 mm. instead of 15 mm. on the right of Nos. 25 and 30, "panama" ll/2 mm. below the bar on Nos. 92 to 94 and 97 to 99 of the fifth, and 92, 95 and 97- 100 of the sixth. The "A" of "panama" touching the bar on the left of Nos. 91 and 96. A double surcharge of the former printing is known, but not of the latter. Dr. Perry says of this : "This occurred in the third printing, four vertical rows. Only 40 copies were printed." 10c Panama surcharge double. a — 10c with error "PAMANA" in double surcharge (1 copy known). . b — 10c with inverted "M" in double sur- charge (2 copies only). This statement at first glance appears puzzling, since the inverted "M" occurs on numbers 24 and 29, and the "pama- na" on numbers 95 and 100, it seems unlikely that two copies of the former and only one of the latter could be included in the double surcharge, as the printing of the surcharge was done in vertical panes of fifty stamps. A talk with Dr. Perry has, however, thrown some light upon the subject. He is posi- tive that only one sheet received the double surcharge and that only four vertical rows of the sheet were included in it. He also thinks that the above mentioned errors did not occur double upon the same stamp but that one of them was found in connection with three normal spellings of "panama," and that "pamana" occurred upon the 96th stamp in single surcharge. These things being so, it is probable that the left half of the sheet first received an impression covering all of its stamps. Then when the right half was printed the sheet was placed in a wrong position in the press and the sixth row escaped the surcharge. Then, in order to make the surcharge appear upon this row, the sheet was again placed in the press in such a po- sition that the imprint which would normally fall upon the > left half of the sheet, came in this instance upon the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth rows. This would cause the in- verted "M" to fall upon the 24th and 25th stamps in connection with three normal spellings in each instance. 17 "pamana" would be found upon the 95th stamp with three normal spellings and upon the 96th stamp in single sur- charge. The end of the bar would fall upon the sixth row, giving this row the same appearance as one would expect to find on the fifth row of an ordinary sheet. In addition to these errors there must have been the one with "A" touch- ing the bar on the 92nd stamp, "Pana- ma" 16 mm. long on the 25th stamp, and "panama" \y2 mm. below the bar on the 92nd, 93rd and 94th stamps. The 91st stamp would show the "A" touching the bar but it would be in single surcharge. The margin at the right, if the sheet had one, would show the imprint which, un- der the usual conditions, would have fallen upon the tenth vertical row. In addition to these errors there must also have been the broken letter errors of the "canal zone" surcharge in combination with double "panama" surcharge. It is possible that another sheet re- ceived the double surcharge, which escaped the notice of Dr. Perry, since Mr. Toppan informs the writer that he has had several blocks and several pairs with double surcharge and that with two exceptions these have all had the stamp with single surcharge at the left, that this stamp was number six in the row, and that the exceptions noted had the double surcharge on all the stamps so that it could not be told from what po- sition in the sheet they had come. Judg- ing from this data the double imprint must have fallen upon the 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th rows of this sheet. The errors appearing upon such a sheet would be, inverted "M" on numbers 29 and 30, "pamana" on number 100, "panama" 16 mm. long on number 30, and "panama" V/z mm. from the bar on numbers 97, 98, 99 and 100. The "zone" in antique type would also be found on number 48. This sheet, like the one described above, would have the margin at the right, if it existed, showing the imprint which should have fallen upon the tenth ver- tical row. None of the errors men- tioned in this connection, except those which could have existed on the other sheet, have been reported, and it is thought best not to list them until they are known to be in existence. The list of this printing is: 10c yellow, carmine or orange red surcharge, wide bar. a— "PAMANA" (95, 100). b — "PANAWA" (24-29) (24, 29). c— "PANAMA" 16 mm. (25, 30) (25, 30). d— "PANAMA" 11 mm. below bar (92 to 94, 97 to 99) (92 to 95, 97 to 100). e— "A" touches bar (91, 96). f — Panama surcharge double. a — "PAMANA" in double surcharge. b— "PANAWA" double surcharge. c— "PANAMA" 16 mm. d — "A" touches bar. f— "PANAMA" 11 mm. from bar. g — "Z" broken (32) 1 copy. h — "E" broken (33) 1 copy. i — "L" broken (42) 1 copy, g— "ZONE" antique type (26) (26). h— "L" broken (42) (42). i— "Z" broken (32) (32). j— "E" broken (33) (33). k— "N" broken (65) (65). Fourth Printing — This printing com- prised 20,000 stamps and was issued in June, 1906. The Panama surcharge is still that of the fourth type with the wide bar. The shade of the ink, how- ever, is of a dark red differing consider- ably from that of all of the other print- ings of this stamp and is quite distinc- tive. All of the errors of this surcharge have been corrected so that there are no varieties of it. There seem to have been two settings of the Canal Zone surcharge, both of which are used for this issue viz., the IV and V stages. The list of this stamp is : 10c yellow, dark red surcharge, wide bar. a— "CANAL" antique type (IV-V-26). b— "ZONE" antique type (IV-V-26). c— "L" broken (IV-42). d— "E" broken (IV-V-33). e— "Z" broken (IV-32). f— "N" broken (IV-65). g — "L" antique type (V-42). h— "Z" antique type (V-32). i — "N" antique type (V-65). CHAPTER XII. 1905, 2c and "8cts" on 50c. This series consists of two values, a two cents and an eight cents. Two Cents. This stamp is the same as the one used for the first series but has the Panama surcharge of the fourth type, and the surcharge is in two shades, carmine and vermilion, the latter being more com- mon than the dark shade. It was issued in December, 1905, and consisted of 150,- 000 stamps, including both shades of surcharge. A copy on a cover post- marked at Cristobal December 30, 1905, proves that it was in use there before January 1, 1906, which has been the date assigned for its issue. It was necessary to use this stamp instead of the two cents permanent type because the supply of the latter was ex- 18 hausted. Dr. Perry states that "The Zone postal authorities were opposed to doing this" (changing from one type to another) "as it has been the endeavor of the Director of Posts to conduct a simple and as clean an administration as possible, but no choice existed as stamps must be had, and the law pro- vides that such shall be Panama stamps surcharged 'canal zone'." The varieties of the Panama surcharge are three in number which are common to both shades, and one which exists only in the lighter shade. The three found in both shades are : An inverted "M" on the 24th and 29th stamps; "panama" 16 mm. long at the left on Nos. 25 and 30, and "panama" V/2 mm. below the bar. The error found in the vermilion surcharge is an inverted Panama surcharge. The Canal Zone varieties are those of the III stage of the setting and exist on both shades of the Panama surcharge. The list of this value is : 2c rose on 4th Panama, vermilion surcharge. a— "PANAWA" (Nos. 24, 29). b— "PANAMA" 16 mm. long (25, 30). c— "PANAMA" lft mm. below bar. d — Bar at bottom. e— "Z" broken (32). f — "E" broken (33). g — "L" broken (42). h— "N" broken (65). i— "Z O N E" wrong font (48). 2c rose on 4th Panama, carmine surcharge. a— "PANAWA" (24, 29). b— "PANAMA" 16 mm. long (25, 30). c— "PANAMA" 11 mm. below bar. d— "Z" broken (32). e— "E" broken (33). f— "L" broken (42). g— "N" broken (65). h— "Z O N E" wrong font (48). "8cts." on 50c Bistre Brown. This stamp was issued November, 1905, and the issue numbered 20,000. It is an altogether different stamp from the preceding ones of this value. It is of the third Panama type, as the fourth type had by this time become exhausted. The "8cts." is a new type. The "8" is taller and more slender than in the former stamp of this value and only one type of it is found. The let- ters "cts." are also smaller and thinner and a period appears after the letter "s." The Panama surcharge was applied to a horizontal half sheet at a time, and shows the many varieties of this third Panama type, and besides these, which it is unnecessary to enumerate here, we find the bar at the bottom, an extra bar at the bottom and no bar at all. The Canal Zone surcharge presents the same varieties as the preceding stamp, viz. : The broken letters and the Zone in wrong font, or the III stage of the setting. The list as usual in the 3rd Panama type is rather long. It is 8c on 50c bistre-brown (Panama reading up) with period after "8cts." a — "PANAMA" reading up and down (1, 51). b — "PANAMA" 15 mm. long (16 stamps on each sheet). c— 1st and 3rd "A" large right (3, 4, 44, 53, 54, 94). d — 1st and 3rd "A" large, both sides (5, 55). e— All A's large at left (6, 7, 56, 57). f— 3rd "A" large at left (21, 71). g— 2nd "A" large at right (35, 85). h — 1st "A" large at left, 3rd "A" dropped, 1st and 2nd "A" at right inverted V and MA raised (42, 92). i— 1st "A" at left inverted V (11, 18, 61, 68). j— 2nd "A" at right inverted V (3, 34, 44, 53, 84, 94). k— 3rd "A" at left inverted V (14, 25, 64, 75). 1— All "A's" at right inverted V's (27, 77). m— "N" at right inverted (12, 40, 62, 90). n — 3rd "A" at left inverted V and MA raised (19, 69). o— 3rd "A" right accented (34, 38, 84, 88). p— "N" at right raised (23, 73). q — "p" at right wrong font (49, 99). r— "P NAMA" at right (83) (some sheets). s— "P NAMA" at right 3rd "A" accented (84) (some sheets). t — Bar at bottom. u — Extra bar at bottom. v — No bar on stamp. w— "Z" broken (32). x— "E" broken (33). y— "L" broken (42). z — "N" broken (65). aa— "ZONE" wrong font (48). CHAPTER XIII. One Cent on Twenty Centavos, Violet. First Printing — In regard to this issue Dr. Perry says : "These stamps be- came necessary on account of exhaus- tion of the supply of 1 cent and 2 cents stamps both in Canal Zone and Republic of Panama post offices. "The new permanent set for Panama has been promised for some months, but delay in ordering the same resulted in a complete exhaustion of stamps of these denominations, of both the new Panama and the old Colombian design. "The Canal Zone authorities desired that the 1 cent and 2 cents of the Re- public of Panama stamps be furnished, and requested the Panama authorities to have a sufficient amount printed and forwarded. This they did not do, as the complete series of stamps for Panama, in new design, had already been or- dered, and they did not want more printings made of the 1 cent and 2 cents. The Panama authorities offered the 1 19 cent and 2 cents provisionals that they had prepared to meet their postal needs for stamps of these denominations, but the surcharging has been so poorly done that the Zone authorities would not ac- cept them, and, after several days' de- lay and much correspondence, the old Colombian stamps were furnished. All the surcharging, Panama, bars and value, was done by the Canal Zone authorities. "This type of Canal Zone is entirely different from that on previous issues, as a new setting was made, the word "canal zone" being smaller and the let- ters being closer together. The stamps were surcharged in panes of 50. The quantities printed are : 2c, 200,000 ; lc, 100,000. "Both a double and inverted sur- charge have been detected in both de- nominations. The stamps are carefully examined, and I doubt if any errors pass in circulation. Still such may hap- pen, and I record such as have been de- tected : lc — Inverted surcharge, 50, i sheet, lc — Double surcharge, 50, £ sheet. 2c — Inverted surcharge, 50, \ sheet. 2c — Double surcharge, 50, i sheet." None of these errors having been reported from any other source it is fair to presume that none escaped de- tection, but that all were destroyed. < CANAL * I ZONE £ mmmsmmmmm A. — The space between "1 ct" and bar is li mm. Figure "1" is thick with long serif and long thin foot. This stamp was issued in April, 1906. It was printed upon the twenty centavos Colombian stamp of 1892, and a horizon- tal half sheet was printed at a time. The whole surcharge, "panama," bars, value and "canal zone" was set up to print at one impression instead of the "canal zone" being printed separately as in the former series. The surcharging in this instance is done in black ink, with a bar at both the top and the bottom of the stamp. The word "panama" reads up- ward at the left and downward at the right and is in small capitals. Between these two words is the "canal zone" and below this near the lower bar the value. The type used for the "canal zone" differs from that used on all of the previous issues, and is of the style used in the errors of the third and fourth printings of the third series, i. e., the wrong font "canal" of the 48th stamp of those printings. The "1" of "let." is thick, with a long, thin foot, and rather long serif, the upper side of which is concave and the lower one horizontal. The "ct." are in small pica type and followed by a period. Measurements. The bars cover ten stamps or a horizontal row and are 2 mm. wide. The "panama" is 10y2xiy2 mm.; "canal" is 12x2 mm.; "zone" is 9x2 mm. ; and "let." including the period, is 8l/2x2 mm. "canal" is %y2 mm. below the upper bar; "zone" is 3 mm. below "canal"; "let." is 4 mm. below "zone", and the distance between "let." and the lower bar is iy2 mm. liy2 mm. is the distance between the bars except in the fourth and ninth rows where it is % mm. far- ther, or 17^4 mm. ; and the distance be- tween the two words "panama" is 18 mm. Accents are found over one or more "A's" of "panama" on twenty-four stamps of the sheet, which are Nos. 39 to 50, and 89 to 100. In regard to these Mr. Toppan says : "As I have stated before, the correct way to spell "panama" is with an accent on the final "A"; however, the composi- tor who set up this surcharge was evi- dently not to be bothered with a little thing like that, so he used the accented "A" in a rather hit or miss manner, the result being that we find no less than six combinations among the twenty-four stamps. They are as follows : 1 — Nos. 39 and 89 have no accents at left but one over each "A" on the right. 2— Nos. 40, 50, 90, 100 have accents on the second and third "A" at left and on all three at right. 3 — Nos. 41 and 91 have the accents on the third "A" at left and on the second and third at right. 4— Nos. 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97 and 98 have the accents on every "A" on the stamp. 5 — Nos. 43 and 93 have the accent on the first and second "A" at left and on all three at right. 6i — Nos. 49 and 99 have the accent on all the "A's" at left and on the first and second at right. "It must be remembered that these accents, which are nothing more than small dots over the letters, are very liable to become broken, or otherwise damaged, so that they will not print. In this case sheets may be found on which the arrangement will not exactly cor- respond with that given above, which was taken from an exceedingly clear and sharp impression of the surcharge. So far, however, I have found no sheet upon which at least one of any two 20 complementary stamps did not agree with the type given above for those particular stamps in the sheet." On the 12th and 62nd stamps of some of the sheets there appear between the "Z" and "O" of "zone" and a little be- low the letters one dot or in some cases two dots similar to a colon except that the lower one is the larger, and when only one is found it is the lower and larger one. This stamp also exists with both bars at the bottom of the stamp, and with the bar at the bottom but none at the top. The list for this printing is : lc on 20c violet. a — Accent on one or more "A's" of "PANAMA." b — One or two dots between "ZO" (12, 62). c — Two bars at bottom of stamp, d — One bar at bottom, none at top. Second Printing — This printing was issued in May, 1906, and consisted of CANAL M PANAM/ ZONE 1 ct. WNAMA B. — The space between "1 ct" and bar is 3i mm. Figure "1" is thin and the serif and foot somewhat stubby. 100,000' stamps. Like the preceding one it is printed entirely in black, and a horizontal half sheet was printed at an impression. The surcharge has, however, been reset, and although the type used is the same as in the first printing the meas- urements differ, and the figure "1" of the value has been changed, so that in this printing its foot and serif are short and its down stroke is thinner. There is one feature concerning it which is puzzling and which Mr. Top- pan has described at length. He says : "Before pointing out the differences in distance between the upper bar and the word "c a n a l" it seems to me ad- visable to call attention to a peculiar attribute of this printing. I have al- ready stated that this, like the first one, was set up in blocks of fifty, the first five upper rows being overprinted at one impression and the sheet being then moved forward upon the bed of the press, the lower half of the sheet re- ceived its overprint by a second im- pression. That this statement is so is proven by the fact that the only error on the sheets is first found upon the 49th stamp and repeated upon the 99th, its complementary stamp." Since this was written I have found another error which adds to the proof, since it is found upon the 36th and 86th stamps, which are also complementary stamps. This error is a wider spacing between the letters "Z" and "O" of "zone" than occurs upon the other stamps of the, sheet. Mr. Toppan continues : "It is further proved by the fact that all varieties with the accented "A" which are to be found upon the upper half of the sheet are exactly duplicated upon the stamp occu- pying the same relative position upon the lower half, as is also the case in the first printing. "In describing the first printing I have stated that the distance between the two bars on a stamp is liy2 mm. on all but the fourth and ninth rows, where it is 17^4 mm. This difference would natu- rally affect the distance between the upper bar and "canal", or the "let." and the lower bar, but, being so slight, I did not consider it of sufficient im- portance to notice. "In this printing, however, matters are decidedly different, for after most careful measurements, I find that the distance between the bars on the upper half of the sheet (Nos. 1 to 50) is 1&Y2 mm., while upon the lower half (Nos. 51 to 100) it is 17 mm., and that in the lower row on the sheet the distance increases very gradually from the left until upon No. 100 it is 17^2 mm. "These differences are quite enough to warrant their being taken into con- sideration and must be noted when they affect the measurements of the other portions of the surcharge. "To 'come back to our mutton/ then, and point out the differences in spacing between 'canal' and the bar above it. As will be remembered, this was, in the first printing, 3^> mm.; in this printing it is V/z mm. on the upper half of the sheet, and 2 mm. on the lower half, either of the latter differing from the former sufficiently to be easily noted by the naked eye." The accented "A's" are found on six- ty-eight stamps of the sheet and Mr. Toppan gives the following nineteen combinations of these dots : 1— Nos. 1, 9, 35, 51, 59, 85, on 1st "a" at left; 2nd at right. 2— Nos. 2, 52, on 2nd and 3rd at left; 2nd at right. 3 — Nos. 3, 53, on 3rd at both left and right. 4— Nos. 4, 54, on 3rd at left; 1st and 3rd at right. 21 5 — Nos. 5, 55, on 3rd at left; 1st and 2nd at right. 6— Nos. 8, 58, on 1st and 2nd at left; 2nd at right. 7— Nos. 10, 60, on 1st and 3rd at left; 3rd at right. 8— Nos. 11, 61, on 2nd and 3rd at left; 2nd at right. 9— Nos. 13, 24, 36, 38, 63, 74, 86, 88, none at left; 1st at right. 10— Nos. 14, 64 none at left; 2nd at right. 11— Nos. 16, 20, 23, 31, 48, 66, 70, 73, 81, 98 none at left; 3rd at right. 12^-Nos. 17, 29, 49, 67, 79, 99, 2nd at left; none at right. 13— Nos. 19, 69, 1st, 2nd and 3rd at left; none at right. 14 — Nos. 21, 71, none at left, 1st, 2nd, 3rd at right. 15— Nos. 22, 26, 40, 44, 72, 76, 90, 94, 1st at left ; none at right. 16— Nos. 25, 75, 3rd at left; 2nd and 3rd at right. 17^-Nos. 27, 34, 77, 84, 2nd and 3rd at left; 1st and 2nd at right. 18— Nos. 28, 78, none at left; 1st and 3rd at right. 19^— Nos. 33, 83, 1st and 2nd at left; none at right. The remarks as to possible breaking or wearing away of these accents apply here as in the first printing. The "canal zone" and "panama" measurements are the same as in the first printing. The "let." is 8x2 mm. and in the upper half of the sheet it is 3 mm. from the bar above, while in the lower half it is 4 mm. The error on the 49th and 99th stamps is in the space between the "1" and "ct.", it being 1^ mm. instead of 2% mm. On the 36th and 86th stamps there is a wider space between the "Z" and "O" of "zone" than is found on the other stamps of the sheet. The list of this printing therefore is : lc on 20c violet. a — Accent on one or more "A's" of "PAN- AMA". b — "1" and "ct" 1% mm. apart (49, 99). c— "Z" and "O", widely spaced (36, 86). Third Printing — This printing was is- sued in September, 1906, and consisted of 300,000 stamps. The surcharge is as in the former printings in black, and the spacings are the same as in the second printing, but the "1" of "ct" is the same as that of the first printing. ^ CANAL ^ | ZONE | t 1 ct. I C. — The space between "1 ct" and the bar is 3| mm. Figure "1" is thick, with long serif and long thin foot. If the manner of printing the second printing is puzzling this one is still more so. There is evidence that the sur- charging was done in horizontal blocks of fifty, or a half sheet at a time. In substantiation of this we have the following varieties which are found on complementary stamps, viz. : on Nos.- 7 and 57 an inverted "V" for the last "A" of "panama"; an inverted "N" in "panama" on Nos. 2 and 52; the "Z" and "O" of "zone" widely spaced on Nos. 36 and 86; and the "1" and "ct" 2 mm. apart instead of 3 mm. on Nos. 2 and 52, while on Nos. 1 and 51 the space is 2T/2 mm. If a whole sheet was printed at one impression it seems strange that these small differences should be found in exactly the same po- sition on the lower half of the sheet, as they occupy on the upper half, and without further evidence we should con- clude that only a half sheet was printed, and that the sheet was then pushed forward upon the bed of the press and the remaining half printed. There are, however, varieties which appear only once on the sheet and if the above method had been pursued these varieties should have appeared upon the complementary stamps. On the 49th stamp there is a wider space between the "P" and the first "A" of "panama" than is found on any other stamp of the sheet, on the 50th stamp the space between the "C" and "A" of "canal" is 4 mm. instead of 1 mm., and the "ct." is on a higher level than the "1"; and on No. 100 the word "canal" is 13 mm. long instead of 12 mm. What really occurred was that the upper half of the sheet was printed first, and then instead of sliding it for- ward on the press and printing the lower half at once, it was removed and the whole lot of 3000 sheets was printed on the upper half before any of the surcharging was done on the lower halves of the sheets. During the print- ing of the upper halves and before they had been finished, the spacing of the "C A" of "canal" was discovered and before the lower half was printed the error was corrected, and the 49th stamp being contiguous to this one the spacing of that also was corrected. The other errors being some distance removed were not discovered and show in the lower half of the sheet. The spacing on the 50th stamp was as we know not made absolutely correct but it was so much improved that a millemeter scale is needed to detect that it is not cor- rect, since it is 13 mm. long instead of 12 mm. The accented "A's" in "panama" are more numerous in this printing than in either of the others, there being seventy- two stamps on which they occur, and from a clearly printed sheet are taken the following combinations : 1 — On 1st at left, none at right; Nos. 1. 8, 18, 22, 26, 40, 44, 51, 58, 68, 72, 76, 90, 94. 2— On 2nd at left, none at right 17, 29, 47, 67, 79, 97. ~ ^ 3 — On 3rd at left, none at right 4, 10, 20. 24, 54, 60, 70, 74. 4 — On 1st and 3rd at left; none at right 32 82 5— On all at left; none at right 19, 69. 6— On 1st at right; none at left 37, 38. Si, 88 7_On 2nd at right; none at left 14. 35, 36 41 50 64. 8— On 3rd at right; none at left 85, 86, 91, 100 9— On all at right; none at left 13, 16, 48, 63, 66, 98. 21, 71. 10— On 1st and 3rd at right; none at left 28 78 U_JOn 1st at left ; 2nd at right 34, 84 12— On 1st and 2nd left; 3rd at right o, 55 13 — On 1st and 2nd left; 2nd and 3rd right 9 59 'l4_Lon all at left; 2nd right 11, 61. _ 15_On 3rd at left; 2nd and 3rd at right 25 75 16— On 2nd and 3rd left; 2nd at right 27, 77 *17u_0n 2nd and 3rd at left; 1st and 2nd at right 33, 83. As in the former printings these ac- cents are very liable to changes. There is in this printing a shifted surcharge having both bars at the top of the stamp and also showing but one bar at the top. The list for this printing is: "A's" of lc on 20c violet. a — Accent on one or more "PANAMA." „ , b— "C A" of "CANAL" 4 mm. apart and "cts" raised (50). , , c_«p A" of "PANAMA" widely spaced (49) d— Last "A" of "PANAMA" an inverted "V" (7 57) e_«N" of "PANAMA" inverted (2, 52). f_«Z O" of "ZONE" widely spaced (36, 86) g— "CANAL" 13 mm. long (100), (50 on some sheets). h— "1" and "c" of "let" 2h mm. apart (1, 51) . i-l_"l" and "c" of "let" 3 mm. apart (2, 52) . j — Both bars at top of stamp, k — Bar at top of stamp only. three the surcharge is in black and ap- plied on a horizontal half sheet at a time. The stamp used was the Colom- bian one peso of the issue of 1896. First Printing — The type of surcharge, the spacing between the bars themselves, between the bars and words, and be- tween the words differs in no particular from the first printing of the one cent on twenty centavos, and in fact the only difference is in the value, where we find "2" instead of "1" and "cts." instead of "ct", and the "2 cts." measures 10^4 mm. 4 CANAL ^ 5 > £ ZONE £ * 2 cts. > D. — The space between the upper bar and the word "Canal" is 31 mm. and between "2 cts" and the lower bar it is 1£ mm. The accented "A's" in "panama" ap- pear upon the same stamps, and in the same combinations as in the one cent on twenty centavos, the dot or dots appear on the 12th and 62nd stamps, and one can but get the impression that the same type was used for this printing as was used for the first printing of the one cent on twenty centavos, and that after the printing of that stamp had been finished the block containing the type was taken from the press, the figure "1" removed and "2" set in its place, the "s" added after "ct." and the whole thing then relocked, replaced in the press and the printing of this value run off. The list of this printing is : 2 cts. on 1 peso, lake. a — Accents on one or more "A's" of "PANAMA." b— 1 or 2 dots between "ZO" (12, 62). Second Printing — This printing was issued in May, 1906, and there were 200,000' stamps of it. CHAPTER XIV. Two Cents on One Peso. The reasons for the appearance of this stamp being the same as for the one cent on twenty centavos, it is not neces- sary that they be repeated. There were three printings of this stamp and in all , CANAL £ 5 ZONE * 2 cts. > E. — The space between the upper bar and the word "Canal" is 2| mm. and between "2 cts" and the lower bar it is only 1 mm. 23 This is an entirely new setting of the surcharge. Unlike the first printing, this differs from the second printing of the one cent on twenty centavos in many of the spaces between the various parts of the surcharge, which in this stamp are as follows : From upper bar to "canal", mm. ; "canal" to "zone", 3^4 rnm. ; "zone" to "2 cts.", 4^ mm.; "2 cts." to lower bar, 1 mm. The distance between the bars is 17 mm. to 17^2 mm. The other measurements are as in the first printing. Only one error exists and that is in the spacing of the "Z" and "O" of "zone" on the 36th and 86th stamps of the sheet. The accented "A's" in "panama" ap- pear on 68 stamps of the sheet and on the same stamps as in the one cent on twenty centavos. The list for this printing then is : 2c on lp lake. a — Accents on one or more "A's" of "PANAMA." b— "ZO" of "ZONE" widely spaced (36, 86). Third Printing — This printing was is- sued in September, 1906, and comprised 50,000 stamps. CANAL < v ^ ZONE £ £ 2 cts. 5 F.— The space between the upper bar and the word "Canal" is 2i mm. and between "2 cts" and the lower bar it is 31 mm. The type was the same as in the first and second printings, and the measure- ments are the same as in the second printing except the distance between the "2 cts." and the lower bar which is 3^4 mm. instead of 1 mm. The accented "A's" in "panama" ap- pear on the same stamps and in the same combinations as in the third print- ing of the one cent on twenty centavos, the same errors are also found as are found in that printing except those of the uncorrected setting, and are those of the corrected setting which were used in printing the lower half of the sheet of the one cent on twenty centavos with, of course, the value changed. The er- rors are: the last "A" of "panama" is an inverted "V" on Nos. 7 and 57; the "N" of "panama" is inverted on Nos. 2 and 52; the "zo" of "zone" are widely spaced on Nos. 36 and 86; "canal" is 13 mm. long on Nos. 50 and 100; the spacing between "2" and "c" on Nos. 1, 2, 51, 52 is the same as on these stamps of the third printing of the 1 ct. ; and both bars at the bottom. From this data I concluded that it is therefore probable that after the print- ing of the one cent value was finished the block of type was taken from the press and unlocked, the value changed, and the block relocked and replaced in the press, and used for the surcharging of this stamp, without disturbing any other part of it than the value. The list for this printing is : 2c on lp lake. a — Accent on one or more "A's" of "PANAMA." b— Last "A" of "PANAMA" an inverted "V" (7, 57). c— "N" of "PANAMA" inverted (2, 52). d— "CANAL" 13 mm. long (50, 100). e— "ZO" widely spaced (36, 86). f — "2" and "c" of "cts." close (1, 2, 51, 52). g — Both bars at bottom. CHAPTER XV. "8cts" on Fifty Centavos. This is a new setting of the "8cts." surcharge. It was issued April 23rd, 1906, and there were 20,000 stamps of this printing. Concerning this stamp Dr. Perry says: "Another printing of the 8 cent has also been issued, and this differs from all others in the following essential points. The figure "8" is long and nar- row in proportion to its length, in fact is larger than in any previous printing. The "cts" is closer to the figure "8" and the letters are smaller than those in the first and second printing, and slightly larger than in the third printing." There is no period after "cts". The stamps are on the third Panama series. This surcharge is easily distinguished from the former stamps of this value. The "8" differs materially in shape and size from the first two "8 cts'' and the third Panama type is used instead of the fourth as in those two issues. It re- sembles more the third "8cts." i. e., that of the fourth series but can be readily differentiated from that stamp, which is upon the third Panama type, by the absence of the period. Being upon the third type of Panama surcharge we find the characteristic errors of that type here. It is not 24 necessary to enumerate them at this place. They will be given in the refer- ence list. The "canal zone" surcharge which as usual was printed upon one hundred stamps at once, presents the following errors : "canal" in wrong font on No. 26 ; Z" of "zone" in wrong font on No. 32; "E" of "zone" broken on No. 33; "L" of "canal" wrong font on No. 42; "zone" in wrong font on No. 48; and "N" of "canal" in wrong font No. 65. There is also one error in the "8 cts" surcharge. One stamp of this issue has been found having this surcharge double. This stamp was upon a cover and it is not known how many of this variety were issued, but it is probable that all were used and that very few will be recovered. The reference list is : 8c on 50c bistre, brown ("PANAMA" reading up). a — "PANAMA" reading up and down (1, 51). b— "PANAMA" 15 mm. long. c— "PANAMA" 1st and 3rd "A" at right large (3, 4, 44, 53, 54, 94). d— "PANAMA" 1st and 3rd "A" both sides large (5, 55). e— All "A's" at left large (6, 7, 56, 57). f— 3rd "A" at left large (21, 71). g— 2nd "A" at right large (35, 85). h — 1st "A" at left large, 1st and 2nd "A's" at right inverted "V" and "MA" raised (42, 92). i— 1st "A" at left inverted "V" (11, 18, 61, 68). j— 2nd "A" at right inverted "V" (3, 34, 44 53 84 94) k— 3rd "A" 'at left inverted "V" (14, 25, 64, 75). 1— All "A's" at right inverted "V" (27, 77). m— "N" at right inverted (12, 40, 62, 90). n — 3rd "A" at left inverted "V" and "MA" raised at right (19, 69). o— 3rd "A" at right accented (34, 38, 84, 88). p— "N" at right raised (23, 73). q— "P" at right wrong font (49, 99). r— "P NAMA" at right (83) (on some sheets). s — "P NAMA" and 3rd "A" accented at right (84) (on some sheets), t — "Sets" double (one known.) u— "CANAL" in wrong font (26). v — "Z" in wrong font (32). w— "E" broken (33). x — "L" in wrong font (42). y — "ZONE" in wrong font (48). z — "N" in wrong font (65). aa — No bar on stamp. CHAPTER XVI. Another "8cts." Surcharge. This issue consists of only one stamp, eight cents on fifty centavos, which differs very materially from all other issues of this value. It was issued in^ September, 1906, and 20,000 were printed. The Panama surcharge is of the fourth type of that surcharge on the fifty centavos stamp of Colombia and is in carmine. It differs from the fourth Panama of the first eight cents of the third series in having the word spelled "pamana" on the 54th and 59th stamps and a double lined "N" on the 53rd and 58th stamps similar to that found upon the later printings of the five cents stamps. The surcharge was printed upon a vertical half sheet at a time. The "8cts." surcharge is similar to that of the last stamp except that the lines of the "8" are thinner in all parts and the letters of "cts." possess the same characteristics as the figure. In this stamp a period follows the letters and this is the only eight cents value on fourth Panama having the period. A new variety of spacing appears upon the fifth and tenth vertical rows of each sheet, the distance between the "8" and "c" in these two rows being 3 mm. in- stead of 2 mm., thus giving twenty stamps of this variety to the sheet. The right half of one sheet escaped having the "8cts." surcharge upon it, hence we have one stamp existing with- out this surcharge and with "pamana", one with double lined "N", one with "canal" in antique type, and one with "zone" in antique type. The varieties of the "canal zone" surcharge are the same as in the pre- ceding stamp. The list of this stamp is : 8c on 50c bistre brown, a— "PAMANA" (54, 59). b— Double lined "N" in "PANAMA" (53, 58). c — "Sets." omitted. d— "8cts." omitted and "PAMANA" (1 stamp). e — "Sets." omitted and double lined "N" (1 stamp). f — "Sets." omitted and "CANAL" antique type (1 stamp). g — "8cts," omitted and "ZONE" antique type (1 stamp). h — "CANAL" antique type. i — "Z" antique type (32). j— "E" broken (33). k — "L" antique type (42). 1— "ZONE" antique type (48). m— "N" of "CANAL" antique type (65). n — "8" and "cts" 3 mm. apart instead of 2 mm. All of the stamps of the third, fourth, fifth and sixth series which are upon the third and fourth Panama types are to be found with the Panama surcharge shifted horizontally, in some instances to the right and in others to the left, so that on some stamps the word "Pana- ma" appears but once, on others twice on the same side of the stamp, and on still others twice on one side and once on 25 the other side. It can readily be seen that an attempt to classify these varie- ties would be a task of Herculean pro- portions and of no great value. CHAPTER XVII. 1906 Issue Panama Designs. The stamps used for this series were those of a new issue of Panama. They were printed in New York by the Hamilton Bank Note Co. on soft thick paper. The five values used by the Canal Zone government have a central portrait in black surrounded by a col- ored frame. The value i^ expressed in "centesimos de balboa" at the bottom of the stamp. The words "republica de panama correos" are printed at the top of all except the eight centesimos de balboa, on which the first three words occur in a curve extending around the upper half of the stamp and the word "correos" in small letters just beneath the center of this curve. The lc, 5c, 8c and 10c values the Surcharge Reading Down. Vasco Nunez de Balboa's portrait ap- pears upon the one centesimo de balboa, that of Hernandez de Cordoba upon the two centesimos de balboa, of Justo Arosemena upon the five centesimos de balboa, of Manuel J. Hurtado upon the eight centesimos de balboa, and of Jose de Obaldia upon the ten centesimos de balboa. The colors of the frames are green, vermilion, ultramarine, red-violet and purple, respectively. The first value issued was the two centesimos de balboa in October, 1906, when 20,000 stamps were sent out. The Canal Zone surcharge on this lot reads upward with "canal" at the left and "zone" at the right of the central portrait in black letters of antique type of a larger size than appears up- on any of the former issues. This sur- charge upon the succeeding printings of this value and upon all the other values is in the same type and occu- pies the same position on the stamps except that instead of reading upward" it reads downward and the word "ca- nal" is at the right and "zone" at the left. The second lot of this value issued was printed in November, 1906. It was the intention of the Director of Posts for the Zone that the surcharge should The 2c, Surcharge Reading Up and Down. read upward on these, but by some ac- cident they were printed with it read- ing downward. When this came to his notice he was very much put out, and ordered that, in future, all surcharges of all values should be printed read- ing downward, but, in order that there should be a large enough supply of the first variety to go around, and so that no one could accuse him of intentional- ly producing a limited issue of this form of the surcharge, he ordered 30,000 more to be printed with the words reading upward. There were, therefore, 50,000 of this variety issued in the two lots. There is a difference of Yz mm. in the spacing between the words "canal" and "zone", be- tween the early and late printings of these stamps, but this seems to be un- important. The other values appeared in De- cember, 1906, with the exception o»f the one centesimo de balboa, which was issued in January, 1907. A few errors have been recorded as occurring in connection with this is- 26 sue. On number 8 of the sheet of the first printing of the two centesimos de balboa the "N" of "zone" has broken serifs, and on a few sheets of the second printing of the same value the same error occurs on the 93rd stamp, which in the reversed position of the surcharge is complementary to the 8th stamp of the first printing. The error was soon discovered and cor- rected. The lc Imperforate Horizontally. Fifty horizontal pairs of the one cen- tesimo de balboa have been found imperforate between the stamps. This value is also known with a bar after the word "zone/' with a double surcharge, and with a very wide im- perforate strip at the top. One copy has been found with a double surcharge, one of which is inverted. The ten centesimos de balboa is known with a similar imperforate marginal strip at the bottom. The eight centesimos de balboa occurs with a wide imper- forate margin at the left and between the first two vertical rows of the sheet. Three sheets were sold at the Cristobal office showing this variety, and one of the stamps was used before the variety was discovered. Another sheet containing this variety was sold at Gatun, and ten of these, or half of the number in the sheet were used for postage. The two centesimos de balboa exists in pairs, one of which has no surcharge, but very few of them are known. There is a wider spacing than normal of the "CA" of "canal" on the fiftieth stamp of the sheet of the eight centesi- mos de balboa. In 1907 the two and five centesimos de balboa appeared upon a thinner hard paper, and the shade of color was changed, probably unintentionally, to carmine lake on the former, while the latter is known in four distinct shades of blue. In 1908 the one centesimo de balboa also was issued upon this thin- ner paper, and it is found in two shades of green, one of which is very nearly the same as that of the same value on soft paper, and the other a dull shade. In March, 1908, a sheet of this value with the head in the center inverted was sold at the Cristobal Office to a clerk in the employ of the Panama Railroad Company, in a lot of stamps purchased for the use of the Company. Before the error was discovered all but nineteen of these stamps had been used in mailing letters and only a very few of these have been recovered. The nineteen unused ones passed into the possession of a collector and have been preserved. This value is also known imperforate horizontally, one- quarter of a sheet being known in this condition, though it would seem that there must have been at least a half sheet issued. A sheet of the five centesimos de balboa with double surcharge was sent to the Tabernilla Post Office in a lot of stamps sent there in filling a requisition dated February 20, 1909. This sheet passed into the hands of a collector and was finally sent to the United States. This value has the 27 second "A" of "canal" missing on the fourth stamp of the sheet in a few instances, and the "L" is broken so that it resembles an "I" on one stamp of a few sheets, believed to be number 71. It is also known with "L" of "ca- nal" missing and with "A" missing and "L" so broken that only the down-stroke appears. Two sheets of the two centesi- mos de balboa were discovered during the summer of 1909 with a double sur- charge. One of these sheets has the second surcharge in a diagonal position so that on part of the stamps a portion of it falls in the space between the stamps. In a few instances the second "A" of "canal" is so badly broken that only a trace of it shows. Twenty hori- zontal pairs of this value are known imperforate between the stamps. On the one centesimo de balboa the "Z" of "zone" is omitted on the 35th stamp of the sheet of a late printing, and the "C" and "L" of "canal" are omitted on one stamp of the sheet in what is probably the last printing of this value, and which is believed to have numbered one hundred sheets. A double surcharge, one of which is very faint, is also known on this value, and four copies of a double surcharge both per- fectly plain are also known, having emanated from the Gatun office. The "CA" of "canal" widely spaced is known on all of these values on the hard paper. Reference list : Permanent types of Panama ; soft thick paper. lc green and black. a — Horizontal pair imperf. between. b — Imperf. marginal strip at top. c— Bar after "ZONE." d— "CANAL ZONE" double. e— "CANAL ZONE" double, 1 inverted. 2c vermilion and black. Surcharge reading upward. a— "N" of "ZONE" broken. 2c vermilion and black. Surcharge reading downward. a— "N" of "ZONE" broken. b — Brown red and black. c — Pair, one without surcharge. 5c ultramarine and black. 8c red-violet and black. a — "CA" widely spaced. b — Horizontal pair imperf. between and at margin. 10c purple and black. a — Imperf. marginal strip at bottom. Thinner hard paper. lc green and black. a — dull green and black. b — center inverted. c — "CA" widely spaced. d— "Z" of "ZONE" omitted (35). e — "C" and "L" of "CANAL" omitted. f — vertical pair imperf. between. g— "CANAL ZONE" double. 2c carmine lake and black. a — "CA" widely spaced. b— "CANAL ZONE" double. c— "CAN L" for "CANAL". d — horizontal pair imperf. between. 5c blue and black. a — dull blue and black. b — ultramarine and black. b (a) — "CANAI" for "CANAL". c — pale ultramarine and black. d — "CA" widely spaced. e— "CANAL ZONE" double. f— "CAN L" for "CANAL". g— "CANAI" for "CANAL". h— "CAN I" for "CANAL". i— "CANA" for "CANAL". CHAPTER XVIII. Issue of 1909. The designs of this series are simi- lar to those of the previous one, the differences being in the size of the portraits and in the frames. The stamps were printed by the American Bank Note Company, of New York, and the name of the company appears in small capitals on each stamp just below the design. The paper used is much thin- ner than that of the seventh series. The first value of this series to appear was the ten centesimos de balboa, about January 19th, 1909. The two centesimos de balboa was issued May 20th, the five centesimos de balboa May 28th, and the eight centesimos de balboa May 25th, 1909. The surcharge on these values was printed locally for a time, and one error is known on all of them, viz., a widely spaced "CA" in "canal" on the fiftieth stamp of the sheet. One sheet of the two centesimos de balboa has the surcharge missing from the 10th and 91st stamp due to having been placed in the press obliquely 28 and the same variety is known on the 91st and 100th stamps of the ten cen- tesimos de balboa. On November 8th, 1909, all of the values except the eight centesimos de balboa were issued with a new sur- charge which was printed in New York. The eight centesimos de balboa was issued March 18, 19101. The surcharge reads upward instead of downward and the type used for it is of antique letters and considerably smaller than that of the previous series, being of a different character from that of any former series, and also of a different size. The word "canal" is at the left of the cen- tral portrait, and the word "zone" at the right. The former is ten mm. and the latter eight mm. long. The colors used for this series are nearly the same as those of the pre- ceding series except that of the two centesimos de balboa which has been changed to a bright vermilion, and that of the eight centesimos de balboa which is of a reddish purple shade, differing only very slightly from that of the ten centesimos de balboa. The portrait of Hurtado on the eight centesimos de balboa faces the left in this series instead of the right as in the seventh series. The only errors thus far discovered in connection with the New York surcharge are a sheet of the eight centesi- mos de balboa on which the top hori- zontal row appears without the words "canal zone", a double surcharge on the five centesimos de balboa, and pairs of the two centesimos de balboa im- perforate between the stamps. In 1913 the letters of the surcharge were changed from antique to block type on the one, two and five centesimos de balboa and in 1915 the same change was made on the ten centesimos de bal- boa. In the early part of 1916 the sur- charge was applied at the Government Printery at Mount Hope in the Canal Zone to the one and five centesimos de balboa. The type used was antique and closely resembles that of the first New York surcharge, but the distance be- tween the two words is ^ mm. less than in the New York surcharge. In June, 1916, the ten cents de balboa was issued with this surcharge. In the fall of 1915 a few copies of the two centesimos de balboa were dis- covered with the head inverted. An investigation showed that three sheets of this variety had been sent to the Zone and cut up to be made into book- lets. Most of them were used before the error was discovered, and the con- sequence is that this is one of the rarities of the Canal Zone stamps. Local surcharge, reading downward. 2c bright vermilion and black. a — "CA" widely spaced. b — Pair, one without surcharge. 5c blue and black. a — "CA" widely spaced. 8c reddish purple and black. a — "CA" widely spaced. 10c purple and black. a — "CA" widely spaced. b — Pair, one without surcharge. New York surcharge, reading upward. Antique Type, lc green and black. 2c bright vermilion and black. a — Pair, imperf. between. 5c blue and black. a — Double surcharge. 8c reddish purple and black. a — Pair, one without surcharge. 10c purple and black. Block type, lc green and black. 2c bright vermilion and black. a — Center inverted. 5c blue and black. 10c purple and black. Mount Hope, surcharge, reading upward, lc green and black. 5c blue and black. 10c purple and black. CHAPTER XIX. 1911-14, 10c Values. This issue consists of two stamps both having the value of ten cents. The first one was a 13 centesimos de balboa which was ordered by the Panama authorities to be used in the Canal Zone as a registration stamp. At the time it was ordered the foreign regis- tration fee was eight cents, but before the stamps arrived the fee was changed to ten cents. The 13 centesimos de bal- boa stamps were therefore surcharged "10 cts", in addition to the "canal zone" surcharge. The stamps were printed by the American Bank Note 29 Company, at the same time as the stamps of the eighth seriesu In January, 1911, the supply of the ten centesi- mos de balboa purple became unex- pectedly exhausted and this stamp was surcharged to meet the needs of the service. The words "canal zone" appear as upon the stamps of the eighth series reading up. The type used is antique but much smaller than that used upon any other value. The word "canal" is nine mm. and "zone" seven mm. long, and the letters are Yz mm high. The two words are 13 x/z mm. apart. The "10 cts." surcharge appears between these two words and is ten mm. long. The color of this stamp is olive gray and its design is almost identical with that of the one cent and two cents of the third series. The differences con- sist of the figures of value in each lower corner and the words "centesimos de balboa" instead of "centavos" at the bottom. The surcharge is in black. The "canal zone" surcharge was ap- plied in New York and the value at the Government printing office at Mount Hope. One sheet has been reported which shows the "canal zone" surcharge up- on the lower margin as well as upon the stamps. Specimens have been found with the surcharge of value inverted, and others with no value surcharged upon them. Neither of these is plentiful, though the latter is more so than the former. In 1914 the value of the stamp was changed to ten centesimos de balboa. The design remains the same except that the figures of value in the lower corners are changed from "13" to "10". The color of the ten centesimos de balboa is not different from the thir- teen, and the "canal zone" surcharge remains the same. 10 cts on 13c de b olive gray. a. — "10 cts" inverted. b. — "10 cts" omitted. 10c de b olive gray. CHAPTER XX. Issue of 1915. On March 1, 1915, a set of four values in new designs was issued to commemorate the opening of the Canal. These stamps were quite different from any of the previous issues in shape and design. They are shaped like many of the commemorative stamps of other countries being 34^ mm. long by 2iy2 mm. wide. The design consists of a black picture in the center surrounded by a colored border. The words "republica de Pan- ama" extend in a curve across the top, and just below them is the word "correos", in colorless letters. Just be- low the picture is its title in the color of the border, and below that are two lines of words in colorless letters differ- ing in each value. The values are one, two, five, and ten centesimos de balboa. The one centesimo de balboa has for its central picture a relief map of the Canal. The title is "canal de panama 1915", and the value "un centesimo de balboa" in two lines. Figures of value appear at each side of this inscription. The picture of the two centesimos de balboa is that of Balboa taking pos- session of the Pacific Ocean, "Balboa 30 Tomando Posesion del Oceano Pa- cifico". The colorless inscription reads "exposicion de panama 1915" in one line and "dos centesimos de balboa" in the other. The figures of value are at the sides just below the center of the stamp. The five centesimos de balboa shows a picture of the Locks at Gatun, "Ex- clusas de Gatun." The two lines of words at the bottom read "canal de panama 1915," and "cinco centesimos de balboa". The figures of value are at each side in the center of the stamp. The word "Exclusas" is mis-spelled the correct spelling being "Esclusas". The ten centesimos de balboa has a picture of the famous Culebra Cut, "Corte de Culebra." The inscription at the bottom is the same as that of the preceding stamp except that the word "diez" takes the place of "cinco". The figures of value are at the sides slightly below the center. The colors are dark green and black, carmine and black, blue and black, and orange and black. The "canal zone" surcharge is in blue antique type reading upward. The word "canal" is 10 mm. long and "zone" is 8x/2 mm. long, and they are 9 mm. apart except on the 71st stamp of the sheet where the space is wider. The engraving and printing of these stamps was done by the American Bank Note Company of New York, and the surcharge was also printed by them. There are therefore in this series : lc dark green and black. 2c carmine and black. 5c blue and black. 10c orange and black. CHAPTER XXI. Postage Due. For several years after the United States took charge of the Canal Zone no postage due stamps were issued. Letters upon which the postage had not been fully prepaid were, when received at the office of delivery, hand stamped "postage due 10 cents", or some other amount. t)n the delivery of the letter and the payment of the amount due, an ordinary postage stamp of the value required, was affixed, and cancelled with the regular cancelling stamp of the office. In 1908 the postmaster of the office at Pedro Miguel conceived the idea of precancelling a sheet of stamps at a time with the Postage Due cancelling stamp. This was, of course, not official and was done for no other purpose than that of saving time when an unpaid letter was called for. It obviated the necessity of having to stop to cancel a stamp upon the delivery of each one of these letters. The ten cents stamp was the one most used but all of the values of the 1906, 1909 and 1910 issues were precancelled in this manner. In 1914, however, Postage Due stamps were issued. These were the current Postage Due stamps of the United States, of the values of one, two and ten cents surcharged with the words "canal zone" in one line, diagonally across the bottom of the stamps. This surcharge is 16 mm. long. The stamps are on the paper with double line water- mark and perforated 12. Strict orders were issued not to sell any of these stamps to the public in unused condition and the orders appear to have been obeyed, as none of the unused stamps have been reported. In April, 1915;, these stamps gave way to a set of Postage Dues supplied by the Panama Government, and those remaining in the Post Offices were called in and burned. The new stamps present a very pleas- ing appearance. There are three values, one, two, and ten centesimos de balboa, and all three are the same color, olive brown. The one centesimo de balboa is 29 mm. long horizontally, and 19 mm. vertically. At the top are the words "republica de panama" in a straight line and under them curving slightly over a central picture, the words "cor- reos nacionales", in smaller letters. At each end of these words appears the value, expressed decimally, "B/o.01". The picture in the center represents the "Castillo de San Lorenzo Chagres", At 31 the bottom are the words "correspon- DENCIA A DEBE." The two centesimos de balboa is 19 mm. horizontally by 29 mm. vertically. In the center is a picture of a statue of Columbus, "CRISTOBAL colon". This picture is on a tablet with a scrolled top. Curving over the picture are the words "correos nacionales". At the top of the stamp is the name of the country, "republica de Panama". Below the picture are the words "cor- eespondencia a debe", and at the bot- tom of the stamp the value "B/o.02" with scrolls at each side of it. The ten centesimos de balboa differs from the two in having in the centre a picture of Pedro J. Sosa upon a tablet with a differently shaped bottom, and that the value reads "B/o.10". In other respects the designs of the two stamps are alike. These three stamps are surcharged "canal zone" in blue, and this sur- charge is the same as that upon the tenth series of postage stamps. Early in 1916 the color of the sur- charge was changed to red, and large figures of value were added between the words. These figures are 9 mm. long, and the space between the words is 9 mm. CHAPTER XXII. Official and Registered Letter Seals. Official Seal — The official seal was is- sued in 1906. Its design is similar to that of the current seal of the United States with the head of Liberty as the central design surrounded by an oval frame. At each side is a straight label bearing the words "officially" at the left and "sealed" at the right in white letters. In a curve above are the words "post office department" in colored let- ters, and below are the words "canal zone government" also in colored let- ters. The background is made up of fine diagonal curved lines, and small ovals arranged in vertical rows. An ob- long frame with rounded corners sur- rounds the whole design. The color is blue. The size of the seal is 24 mm. by 39 mm. They were issued in sheets of eight in two vertical rows of four, and are not gummed. The sheets are imperforate on the edges. The spacing between the seals is 2 mm. In 1910 the size of the seals was reduced a trifle, to 23 mm. by 38 mm. and the spacing between them was made ^ mm. The color was also changed to ultra- marine. Registered Letter Seal — In 1906 there was in use at Cristobal a perfortaed label which was placed upon regis- tered letters originating at that office, and also upon those in transit. These labels were used on outgoing letters. The design is a simple oblong, formed by lines \ mm. wide. It is 39 mm. long by l±l/2 mm. wide, and is divided into four parts by three rules, one vertical, 6i mm. from the left end, and two horizontal. These two rules form two oblongs, each of which is 4^ mm. wide and a third one 5^2 mm. wide. At the left is a large "R". In the upper ob- long the words "united states of Ameri- ca", in the middle one "cristobal, c. z.," and in the bottom one "no." The color is vermilion and the paper is very thin and transparent. The number is in most instances stamped in with a numbering machine in blue ink. The label is per- forated 15. Previous to the use of this label the same design was hand-stamped upon the envelope, and since the supply became exhausted the hand stamp has been used. The measurements differ slightly from the printed label and the ink is of various colors. Special Delivery — No special delivery service is maintained in the Zone, but letters bearing the U. S. special delivery stamps, upon their arrival in the States, are delivered by the messenger of this service here. CHAPTER XXIII. Stationery. Stamped Envelopes — It was not until 1916 that the authorities decided to is- sue stamped envelopes for use in the Canal Zone. Whether this delay was due to lack of a demand for them or to some other cause has not been revealed. At any rate for nearly twelve years after the first use of adhesive stamps was begun, no envelopes were provided. The first issue was of two values, one and two centesimos de balboa. The pa- per of the envelopes is white wove, and the designs of the stamps are the same as those of the adhesives of the same values of the ninth series. The surcharge was applied at the Mount Hope printing plant and is in block type. Thirty thou- sand of the one centesimo de balboa and forty thousand of the two centesimos de balboa was the initial order for these envelopes. The size is 165 mm. by 93 mm. They were first reported in May, 1916. Postal Cards — There have been two is- sues of postal cards for the Canal Zone. 32 The first appeared in 1907. The card used was the Panama two centavos. The stamp is of the same design as the two centavos rose, of the third series of postage stamps with the name of the American Bank Note Co. beneath the design. The surcharge is in antique type like that used upon the seventh series of postage stamps and is printed in black. The words "canal zone" read upward. Between them is the value "let". Several errors of this surcharge are known. There is a double surcharge upon the stamp; a double surcharge, one of which is upon the stamp, and the other is reversed in the lower left cor- ner; a triple surcharge, two of which are upon the stamp, and the third is reversed in the lower left corner; and a single surcharge reversed in the lower left corner, but none on the stamp. Reference List. lc on 2c rose, black surcharge, a — surcharge double. b — surcharge double, one normal, the other reversed in lower left corner. c — surcharge triple, two on stamp, one re- versed in lower left corner. d — no surcharge on stamp but one reversed in lower left corner. In 1908 a different card was issued. This time the card used was the one centesimo de balboa of Panama with stamp of the same design as that of the same value of the seventh series of adhe- sive stamps. The "canal zone" sur- charge is in antique type reading down- ward, but the type is smaller than that used on the first postal card. The sur- charge of the value is omitted. Two errors of this card have been reported, viz., a double surcharge, and one re- versed in the lower left corner with the one on the stamp missing. In the latter part of November, or the first part of December, 1910, this card was issued with the New York surcharge. Reference List. lc de b. green. Local surcharge, a — surcharge double. b — no surcharge on stamp but one reversed in lower left corner. lc de b. green. New York surcharge. In 1913 a card was issued having a larger portrait of Balboa in a more com- pressed frame, with the words "Ameri- can bank note co. new york" below the design in small sans serif capitals. The colors were not changed. The "canal zone" surcharge reads downward, is in larger letters than on the other postal cards, and has a period after "zone". The size of the card and the inscriptions are the same as those of the earlier cards. lc de b green, American Bank Note Co. CHAPTER XXIV. Canal Zone Auction Prices. The sale of the Wm. Thorne collection of Canal Zone took place Feb. 14, 1907, and we are indebted to J. C. Morgen- thau & Co., who conducted the sale, for these pricings. It must be taken into consideration that years have passed by and these stamps would naturally bring higher prices if offered for sale today. References are to Toppan's "Stamps of the Canal Zone" and Bartels' "Check List of Canal Zone Stamps." Numbers following color description in parenthe- ses are Scott's. Canal Zone on Panama, June 24, 1904. 2c rose (i), block of 4 from upper left corner of sheet. This block con- tains the variety Panama reading up and down, large Panama and stamp with in- verted N. (Bartels 1, Id, If.) The block is slightly stained in lower mar- gin. $36.00 2c rose, block of 4, Panama reading up, two of the stamps large Panama (Bartels 1, If). $21.50 2c rose, block of 4 from center of sheet, two of the stamps having Panama reading up, two down. Canal Zone is inverted on all 4 of the stamps one of them having double surcharge both in- verted. See Toppan p. 6 and 7 (Bar- tels la, laa, lcc). A very rare block. $245.00 2c rose, block of 4, Panama reading down, one of the stamps with accent on -final A. The Canal Zone surcharge in- verted on all 4 stamps. An exceedingly scarce block and of the combination of Panama with accent and Canal Zone inverted, there can only be two in existence. (Bartels laa and haa). $101.00 2c rose, strip of three, the Panama surcharge inverted. The strip is from the bottom row and contains the stamp having Panama reading up and down. The two other stamps are Bartels lc and le, used June 30, 1904, unique. (Not listed by Toppan or Bar- tels.) $31.00 5c blue (2), block of 4. $10,25 5c blue, block of 4 ; one stamp con- taining the variety Panama 2 mm. from bar. Not listed by Toppan or Bartels. $10.50 Sc blue, inverted surcharge (2a), pair, used on entire cover. $21.00 10c yellow (3), used; block of 4 from lower right corner of sheet, containing variety inverted V for A. Not listed by Toppan or Bartels. $15.25 ioc yellow, inverted surcharge ( 3a) used on entire envelope. $13.50 33 U. S. Stamps Surcharged. 1, 2, 5, 8, 10c each in a block of 6 with imprint and plate number. $10.25 lc green (4), entire sheet 100; plate 2064. $10.50 2c carmine (5), entire sheet 100; plate 2210. $16.50 5c blue (6), entire sheet 100, plate 1888. $15.00 8c puce (7), sheet 100, plate 1498. $23.00 10c orange-brown (8), sheet 100, plate 1590. $25.00 Canal Zone on Panama Stamps, Dec. 1894. 1, 2, 5, 8, 10c, block of 4 of each, all first printings (Barrels 9, 10, 11, 17, 17a, 20; Scott 9 10, 11, 12, 13, 14). $2.10 1, 2, 5, 10c, block of 4, each with spaced A L. In the case of 5 and 10c this stamp also contains variety nar- row M in Panama (Bartels 9a, 10a, 11a, 20a; Scott 9a, 10a, 11a, 12a). $7.25 1, 2, 5c, block of 4, containing No. 1 broken CA and L. Also 1, 2, 5, 10c. Block of 4 of each containing No. 4 broken L. (Bartels 9b, 10b, lib, 20b, 9aa, lOaa, llaa). $4.25 lc green, First Printing (9), entire sheet of 100 (Toppan p. 10), in addi- tion to varieties mentioned No. 98 has broken E (Bartels variety 9b on both Nos. 3 and 4). $10.50 lc green (9), printing between Top- pan's First and Second; block of 6, one stamp (87), has letters O N of Zone dropped (Bartels 9dd). $5.25 lc green, block of 4, with E badly broken. Not noted by Toppan or Bar- tels. $1.10 lc green, Second Printing, block of 4 containing number 48 in sheet, wrong font Zone. (Bartels 9c, Toppan p. 11., g.) $2.10 ic green, inverted surcharge, very line used copy. We do not know to which printing this great rarity belongs; probably the second. Only two other copies known. Bartels 9f. $150.00 ic green, Third Printing, sheet of ioo containing both wrong^ font Zone (48) and Canal (26), in addition to the varie- ties of the second printing. (See Top- pan p. 11, h, Bartels 9c, 9d). $25.00 2c rose (10), complete sheet of 100 printing between Toppan's First and Second as it has all the varieties of the first and in addition number 87 has the letters O N dropped. (Bartels lOdd). $13.00 5c blue (11), First Printing, sheet of 100 (Toppan p. 13; but the lower row has no errors). This sheet contains Bartels varieties 11, 11a, lib, on Nos. 3 and 4, Hi, llaa, llbb. $16.00 5c blue, block of 4; one stamp ANAMA (lib), Bartels lid. $2.10 5c blue, Third Printing, block of 4, containing stamp with inverted M and the stamp with longer Panama. (Bar- tels 13c, 13d). $5.50 5c blue, vertical pair, one bar at bot- tom, the other no bar. We believe this belongs to Bartels' Fourth Printing, number 14. $17.00 5c blue, Bartels Fifth Printing. En- tire sheet P AM AN A (54 and 59), wrong font Canal (26), wrong font Zone (48), Z (32), L (42), N (65), broken E on 33 not replaced. (Bartels 15a, b, c, d, e, f). $15.50 5c blue, Fifth Printing, shifted sur- charge so that two stamps have Panama only once, two have Panama close to- gether. A variety of Bartels 15. $1.10 5c blue, block of 4, shifted surcharge, the words Panama together at right. One stamp wrong font Zone, one stamp has a clear arid distinct period after Canal. The block belongs to Bartels' Fifth Printing. $7.00 5c blue, Fifth Printing, Canal Zone double. A block of 4 of this great rarity. According to Dr. Perry only 50 stamps received the double surcharge, and many of these were used on letters to Jamaica. (Toppan p. 14 where the stamp is wrongly put under First Print- ing. See Bartels' 15 g.) $46.00 5c blue, Sixth Printing, entire sheet containing all the varieties of the Fifth Printing, and in addition stamp No. 42 is wrong font L; 45 is wrong font Z. (See Bartels' No. 16 & varieties.) $8.25 8 on 50c, First Printing, entire sheet of 100 with all the varieties (Bartels' 17a, b, c, d, aa, bb, ee). Entire sheets of this printing are rare. $38.00 8 on 50c, bar at bottom, a variety of first printing, block of 4 (See Toppan p. 22; not in Bartels). $8.25 8 on 50c, First Printing, block of 4; two stamps with bar at bottom; two without bar. The block contains both varieties of 8. Very rare. (Toppan p. 22a. Not in Bartels'). $45.50 8 on 50c, Third Printing (Toppan p. 21; Bartels 17) sheet. This setting con- tains all the varieties of Panama and 8 of the first printing, and Bartels' 17cc and dd and also broken L (42), broken N (65). A block of 4 containing Nos. 38, 39, 48, 49 is missing from the sheet. $11.25 8c Third Printing, block of 4 contain- ing No. 48, wrong font Zone. Com- pletes sheet in previous lot. (See Toppan p. 21, Bartels 17e). $10.00 34 8c, Third Printing, block of 8 includ- ing stamp No. 32, broken Z and (42) broken L. (Barrels 17cc, 17dd). $1.75 8c on 50 on Third Panama. This is the error of which only three sheets were printed. Very rare (Bartels No. 18), block of 4. $18.25 10c yellow, First Printing, entire sheet of 100 with all the varieties. (Toppan p. 22. Bartels 20, 20a, b, c, aa, bb). $21.00 10c yellow, Second Printing Panama and bar in brown. Block of 4 of this scarce stamp. (Bartels No. 21). $8.25 10c yellow, Third Printing (Toppan 23), entire sheet containing two stamps with inverted M, stamp with wrong font Zone, broken letters on Nos. 32, 42, 65. This is Bartels No. 22, but Canal is not wrong font and broken N, should be added to list. A block of 6 has been taken out of sheet and re- placed from another. $15.50 10c yellow, block of 4, one stamp in- verted M, one stamp Panama 16 mm. (Bartels 22d) but of different shade from sheet in previous lot. $3.20 10c yellow, pair, one of the error PAMANA (Bartels 23e). $3.30 10c yellow, Fourth Printing (Toppan p. 23. Bartels No. 24). Complete sheet of 100 containing all the va- rieties. $14.00 Fourth Series, 1905. 2c rose, vermilion surcharge, a block of 6. Surcharge was shifted so that the words Panama are both together at right, one stamp has inverted M and long Panama, one stamp wrong font Zone, (Bartels 25a, 25c, 25d). $4.00 2c rose, carmine surcharge, block of 4, one stamp inverted M, one stamp long Panama, (Bartels 26c, 26d, Scott's No. 26). $4.00 8c on 50, Toppan, p. 27, Bartels No. 27, Scott No. 26, Sheet containing all the varieties and in addition broken N (No. 65), a block of 4 containing Nos. 37, 38, 47, 48, has been taken from sheet. $19.50 8 on 50c, block of 4 containing wrong font Zone. (Bartels 27a and stamp with accent on Panama 27e) . This block completes sheet in previous lot. $3.10 Fifth Series, 1906. lc on 20c violet, First Printing (Scott No. 22. Bartels 28), entire sheet of 100. $2.70 lc on 20c, Second Printing, May, 1906. (Scott's No. 23. Bartels 29). Entire sheet of 100. $4.25 lc on 20, Third Printing. (Scott's No. 29. Bartels 31). Entire sheet of 100. $2.75 2c on lp, First Printing. (Scott's No. 24. Bartels 31). Entire sheet of 100. $6.25 2c on lp, Second Printing. (Scott's No. 25. Bartels 32). Entire sheet of 100. $10.25 8c on 50. (Toppan p. 36. Scott's No. 27. Bartels 34). Entire sheet of 100 containing all the varieties of Canal Zone, besides varieties of Panama. $25.50 8c on 50c, on Fourth Panama, Sept., 1906. (Scott's No. 28. Bartels 35). Sheet of 100 containing all the varieties of Canal Zone and PAMANA on 54 and 59. 19 16 Auction Quotations furnished by Mrs. L. W. Kellogg. The file of auction catalogs shows no startling heights reached by prices on Canal Zone stamps during the year. Rather few stamps have been offered ; the most pretentious listing is found in the Franklin Co.'s sale, early in '16, which contained nearly 80 items, ar- ranged according to Colman's list. Good covers are scarce ; O. G. blocks, showing at least two varieties are most frequently found. The following are a few of the prices realized at various sales, Scott's num- bers being used: No. 1, on a piece of cover, brought $3.60 and $4.10; No. 2 and No. 3, on covers, $2.75. Of two copies of 3a sold at one sale, the O. G. brought $7.10; the other, on a cover, only $6.70. The 2d issue —Nos. 4 to 8— proves a favorite — prices for the set run as high as $2.20, against $2.95 cat. Doubtless the general collector thinks himself safely outside the specialist's realm on these five stamps. A vert, pair of Nos. 12 and 12b (er- ror "AN AM A") brought $2.65. An in- teresting item was the 2c rose, No. 11, with an additional surcharge, inverted of No. 25— this, used, sold for $4.60 in N. Y. Back in '15, an O. G. block of 4 of the 8c on 50c, having "Canal Zone" inverted (14d) and one stamp with a variety of the "8" brought $75.00; No. 32e (lc with double surcharge) $17.50; and No. 33c (2c with double surcharge) $12.25. The 10c yellow in a block of 4, one stamp having "ZONE" in antique type (13 & 13b) was high at one sale, bringing $2.00. Of the later issues, a horiz. pair, imperforate between, of the lc (No. 32a) brought only $3.90; the same of the 8c sold for $7.25. Three copies of No. 42a have been sold re- cently— the 2c with inverted center. The prices quoted are $12.75, $15.50 and $21.50 for O. G. copies. 35 COMPLETE LIST OF BOOKS —PUBLISHED BY— SEVER N-WYLIE-JEWETT CO., BOSTON, MASS. Publishers of MEKEEL'S WEEKLY STAMP NEWS "STAMP COLLECTOR'S GUIDE" Valuable for the advanced collector as well as the beginner. Note the titles of some of the chapters : Design, Color, Paper, Watermark, Perforation, Gum, Engraving, Reprints, Remainders, Fakes, Errors, Proofs, Essays, Postage Due, Official, Parcel Post, Postal Fiscal, Collection Arrangement, Classification, etc. We don't need to say more. 54 pages. ^ff^ SECOND EDITION. Extensively revised and illustrated. PRICE "How to Deal in Stamps" This book will give you the particulars of how to deal in stamps and make a pleasurable and profitable occupation. Second edition. Authors: — Thorn Smith. Willard O. Wylie. Washington Grant. WHERE TO .BUY! WHAT TO BUY! WHERE TO SELL! PRICE ONLY IOC The Dealer and His Stork By BILL BLOSS. A valuable asset to the stamp dealer in his business. There is Only One Bill Bloss and his tone of authority is convincing. PRICE ONLY IOC U.S.3c Green 1870-1887 By H. L. WILEY. A handsome booklet — Fully illustrated, well printed. The text is accompanied by blank pages titled "Stamps and Notes." A Useful Book PRICE ONLY 1 2c The Stamps of Oaxaca By RODERICK ENFIELD. A handsomely printed book on the issues OI iniS lVlCXlCdll O'ldtC, Willi 1U11 JJdgC JJldLCo showing varieties of these interesting stamps. PRICE IOC Goodwin's, "United States" No collector of U. S. stamps can afford to be without this book. It lists and describes every U. S. adhesive postage stamp issued from 1847 down to 1914. It deals with the various points of interest in the several issues and makes a compact book of 72 large pages. It is in- valuable. PRICE 50c POOLE'S Two Great German Books GERMAN STATES — This book is a marvel of thoroughness, completeness and cheap- ness. It has 106 pages and illustrates and describes the stamps of Baden, Bavaria, Bergedorf, Bremen, Brunswick, Hamburg, Hanover, Lubeck, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Oldenburg, Prussia, Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein, Wurtemberg. This book is timely, fully illustrated and is very cheap. PRICE 35c GERMANY AND COLONIES— This book supplements the one already described. It covers the stamps of Germany proper and also all the colonies that have figured in the great war and occupied by British forces. This book is illustrated. PRICE 25c U. S. Department Stamps By GOODWIN. Of interest to every U. S. specialist. A handy book of reference. PRICE 10c 1 ne Stamps of Hawaii Written by three well known specialists in the stamps of the islands ; John N. Luff, Clif- ton A. Howes, Pres. A. P. S., C. F. Richards. A permanent and authoritative treatise that every stamp lover should own. PRICE IOC The Stamps of Egypt Now a British Protectorate you will want this book. Special cover design by W. G. Birdseye. Beautifully illustrated and text by R. E. R. Dalwick. PRICE 12c VSfnrin IcIsnH c v lrgiii isiciiJUd By DALWICK. An interesting booklet on the stamps of the islands. PRICE 10c U. S. Stamped Envelopes 1853-1913. Louis G. Barrett and J. M. Bartels. This little booklet treats of a difficult sub- ject, but the work is cared for by master hands. There are 20 illustrations of water- marks and envelope collecting is made easy. PRICE IOC Dalwick's "Gambia" The stamps of this interesting British Col- ony are fully written up and illustrated. PRICE IOC Poole's "Cook Islands" A complete history of the stamps of these islands and fully illustrated. PRICE 15c United States Parcel Post U. S. Stamp Booklets TJ. S. Postal Savings Stamps By H. L. WILEY. Here are three books in one, all of special interest to every collector of U. S. stamps. PRICE ONLY 25C Range Tales By E. B. HILL. Seventeen complete sketches of Arizona life into which philately is woven by the hand of an artist. Foreword by Willard O. Wylie. A fine sample of printers' art. Illustrated. PRICE 15c We believe that every stamp collector should have a library even though it be but a modest one. No one can properly collect stamps without some books of reference and these we now offer may properly form the nucleus of a philatelic library. Price of each book is given. Sent post free. 3 9088 00034 37Q© SM.THSON.AN ,^tVt^N4ub^R(es98 HEADQUARTERS FOR STAMPS OFTHE CANAL ZONE My stock of Canal Zone is by far the most complete in the world. If you are collecting these interesting stamps write me. My 1917 Price List of Stamps of the United States and Its Colonies is Free. This list contains the major varieties of the Canal Zone issues. In addition to this list I have published a complete Check-List for the specialist. It contains all the known varieties and sub-varieties up to 1912 — written by the well known expert on these stamps, Mr. Geo. L. Toppan. REMEMBER I AM HEADQUARTERS FOR STAMPS OF THE UNITED STATES AND ITS COLONIES Mr. Collector, send me your want list. I feel sure I can fill some of the vacant spaces in your album. Satisfaction guaranteed. H. F. COLMAN Second National Bank Bldg., WASHINGTON, D. C.