BIOLOGY

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_ LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

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| ADTUUT ATSDSO0 17. ae

LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

BY

Seem ow ENO, MA. F..8., F.Z.8., PE-S.,

MEMBER OF THE BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF FRANCE,

AND OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION.

VOE. VIL.

RHOPALOCERA. FAMILY LYCANID.

SUB-FAMILIES LYCZNINA, PLEBEINZ, LAMPIDINA, CHRYSOPHANIN, PORITIINA, AMBLYPODIINA, CURETIN#, LIPHYRINA, RURALINZ,

LONDON:

LOVELL REEVE & CO., LIMITED, PUBLISHERS TO THE HOME, COLONIAL, AND INDIAN GOVERNMENTS, 6, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 1910—1911.

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PAGE Puate 640. Fig. 1, g, la, 1b, 9. ‘Phengaris Atroguttata . ° ; : 2 Fig. 2, g, 2a, 9, 2b, g. Scolitantides Baton. : ‘ ; : 3 Fig. 3, ¢, 3a, 9, 3b, g. Lycena Younghusbandi 5 - : 5 Puate 641. Fig. 1, g, la, 9, 1b, g. Lycena Felicis. F A : s 6 Fig. 2, 6, 2a, 9, 2b, g. lLycena Omphisa . ‘ F : ‘ 6 Fig. 3, g, 3a, 3b, 9. Lycena Metallica if Fig. 4, 6, 4a, 4b, 9. Lycena Nycula . 8 PLATE aa Fig. 3g, la, 9, 1b, g. Lycena apis eae . : : : : 9

Fig. 2, $, 2a, 2b, 9. Plebeius Loewii . 12

DESCRIPTION

Fig. 3, 6, 3a, 9, 3b, g. Plebeius Samudra . 13 Fig. 4, g, 4a, 4b, 9. Plebeius Astrarche 14 Puate 643. Fig. 1, g, la, 9, 1b, g. PlebeiusIris. 15 Fig. 2, g, 2a, 9, 2b, g. Plebeius Lehana . : 2 : — 16 Fig. 3, ¢, 3a, 9, 3b, g. Plebeius ‘Asiatica : 17 Fig. 4, g, 4a, 2, 46, $. Plebeius Pharis 17 Prats 644. Fig. 1, 6, la, 9, 1b, 6, le, 2. Plebeius Jaloka . 18 Fig. 2, g (one cae): 2a, i (another form), 2b, 9, 2c, g, 2d, 9. Plebeius Ellisi 5 19 Fig. 3, g, 3a, 3b, 9. Plebeius Annulata 20 Puate 645. Fig. 1, g, la, 9, 1b, . Polyommatus Sree) nov. . : ; ‘ 21 Fig. 2, g, 2a, 9, 2b, 6. Polyommatus Pseuderos j F om 22 Fig. 3, ¢, 3a, 9, 3b, $. Polyommatus

Drasula, nov. . = : “ 23

Fig. 4, g ,4a, 9, 4b, $, 4c,9. Polyommatus

Stoliczkana if ; 5 i 24

OF -PLATES:

Prats 646. Fig. 1, 6, la, 9, 1b, g. Polyommatus Deyanica . : : : : Fig. 2, ¢, 2a, 9, 2b, g (Wet-season Brood), 2c, 6, 2d, 9, 2e, 6, 2f, 2 (Dry-season Brood = arene, Fawcett). Polyommatus Ariana . Fig. 3, g, 3a, 3b, 9. Polyommatus Drunela, nov. é > 0

Puate 647. Fig. 1, 6, la, 2, 1b, g. Polyommatus Bilucha . ‘ : : Fig. 2, ¢, 2a, 2, 2b, $,2 2c, 2 ( Wet-season

Fi

0a

Brood), 2d, t, 2e, 2 (Dry-season Brocd). Polyommatus Fugitiva . 3, 6, 3a, 9, 3b, g. Polyommatus Chitralensis, nov. ; :

Puiate 648.

Fig.

Fi

Fig. Fig. Fig.

oc Ss:

1, g, la, 9,16, g, le, 9 (Wet-season Brood), 1d, 6, le, 2 (Dry-season Brood). Polyommatus Yarkun- densis”. t :

Dass & > “2b, $. Azanus

3, 3a, g. Azanus Uranus 5, 4, 6, 4a, 9, 4b, g. Azanus Gamra

5, 6, 5a, 9, 5b, Se Orthomiella

Gpantig

Prats 649.

Fig.

Fig.

1, g, la, 1b, 2 (Wet-season Brood), le, g, 1d, 9 (Dry-season Brood), le, larva and jupa. Edales Pandava . : : ; j

2, 6, 2a, 9, 2b, g (Wet-season Brood), 2c, 6, 2d, 2 (Dry-season Brood). Euchrysops Cnejus

Puate 650.

Fig.

Fig. Fig.

f=)

1, g, la, 1b, : (Wet-season Brood), le,-g, 1d, 2 (Dry-season Brood), Euchrysops Contracta 3

25, ds 20; 9,20, gs Lampides Beticus .

3, g, 3a, 3b, Q (Wet season Brood), 36," 3d, 2 (Dry-season ca Catochrysops Strabo . :

PAGE

bo oo

37

40

44

47

vi DESCRIPTION OF PLATES ‘PAGE PAGE Prats 651. Prater 658. Fig. 1, g, 1a, g. Catochrysops Lithar- Fig. 1, g, la, 9, 1b, g¢. Nacaduba gyria ; : ‘ : 48 Dana 3 78 Fig. 2, ¢, 2a, 2b, 2 (Wet-season Brood), Fig. 2, 2a, g. Nacaduba Hampsoni Ae fis, 2c, g, 2d, 9 (Dry-season Brood). Fig. 3, $, 3a, 3b, 2 (Wet-season Brood), Syntarucus Plinius . : . 49 3c, g, 3d, 2 (Dry-season Brood), Fig. 3, $, 3a, 9, 3b, g. Niphanda 3e, larva and pupa. Nacaduba G mbia . 52 Atrata. 4 : : a) 80 Fig. 4, $,4a, 2, 4b, go. " Niphanda Marcia 53 Fig. 4, g, 4a, 9, 4b, $. Nacaduba Plumbeomicans 6 : ~ 82 PuLateE 652. ios ais 9, 1b, g. Lycenesthes Puate 659. fora : 99 Fig. 1, $, la, 9, 1b, g. Nacaduba Fig. 2, 6, 2a, 2, 2b, 6. ‘Lyexnesthes Nora A . ‘ . a 82 Lycenina oy wee Hig. 25g 2a , 2b, g. Nacaduba Fig. 3, g, 3a, 3b, 9. amides Boeke ‘ 58 Nosain! : r & 4 84 Fig. 3, g, 3a, 9, 3b, Be Nacaduba Pate 653. (Celeste : : . 85 Fig. 1, 6, la, 9, 1b, g. Jamides Fig. 4, ¢, 4a, 9, 4b, 3. Nacaduba Nicobaricus : . 60 "Ancy Ta. ‘ ; SO Hie ds 20, 9, 2, $. Jamides Fig. 5, 6, 5a, 9, 5b, $. Nacaduba Coruscans 60 Viola i; 5 : : 5 Si

Fig. 3, ¢, 3a, 3b, 9. a amides Lacteata 61 Fig. 4, 6, 4a, 4b, 2. Jamides Cerulea . 62 Prats 660. Fig. 1, la, 6. Una Usta (Vol. VII.) . 279

Prare 654. Fig. 2, 2a, g¢. Plebeius Jermyni, nov. . 89 I Is 5 ley 2 a 6. Jamides Fig. 3, g, 3a, 2, 3b, 9. Chrysophanus Cleodus . : 100 Phileas . 91 Fig. 2, g, 2a, 9, 2, 3. Jamides Fig. 4, ¢, 4a, ?. Chrysophanus Timeus 92 Subdita . 64 Fig. 5. 3, 5a, 9. Chrysophanus Fig. 3, $, 3a, 3b, Q (Wet. “season Brood), Stygianus : : : - 98 3c, 6, 3d, 9 (Dry-season ae Jamides Conferenda f 65 Prats 661. Fig. 1, g, la, 1b, 9. Chrysophanus Prare 655. epi ne Fig. 1, ¢, la, 9, 1b, 6 (Wet- season Fig. 2, g, 2a, 9, 2b, ¢. Chrysophanus Brood), le, g,1d, 9, le, § (Dry- Aditya. é . : . ge season Brood), lf, larva and pupa. Fig. 3, 6, 3a, 9, 3b, g (Wet-season Jamides Celeno 66 Breod, 3c, g, 3d, 2 (Dry-season Fig. 2, g, 2a, 2, 2b, a 2c, 2. Jamides Brood). Chrysophanus Kasyapa. 95 Kinkurka 68 Puate 662. Prate 656. Fig. 1, g, la, 2, 1b, ¢. Chrysophanus Fig. 1, g, la, 1b, 9. (Wet-season Brood), Susanus . 97 le, g, 1d, le, 2 (Dry-season Brood). Fig. 2, ¢, 2a, 9, 2b, $. Chrysophanus Jamides Elpis . ; f . 69 Evansi . 98 Fig. 2, 6, 2a, 9, 2b, 6. Jamides Fig. 3, g, 3a, @, 3b, é. Chrysophanus iRomsleae : ieee Al Tseng o ; 98 Fig. 3, 3a, g. Jamides Kankena » 72 Fig. 4, g, 4a, 9, 4b, Bi ‘Heliophorus Sena : 100 Prate 657. Fig. 1, 6, la, 2, 1b, g. Nacaduba Prate 663. j Macropthalma . ‘ 5 eee ie! Fig. 1, $, la, 2, 1b, 6, le, 9. Helio Fig. 2, 6, 2a, 2b, 9. Nacaduba Bes Brahma . : : . 102 Kerriana . ; ee (hte i Fig. 2, g, 2a, 2, 26, 6 (Wet-season Fig. 3, ¢, 3a, 3b, 2, 3c, Ao Nacaduba Brood), 2c, g, 2d, 2 (Dry-season Pavana - ye Brood). Heliophorus Epicles . 103 Fig. 4, ¢, 4a, 2 4b, 3+ “de 2. Nacaduba Fig. 3, g, 3a, 2, 3b, g. Helge ns Bhutea 2 5 pea tits Viridipunctata . - 104

DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.

Puate 664. : Fig. 1, 6, la, 2, 16, g (Wet-season Brood), 1c, 6, 1d, 2 (Dry-season Brood). Heliophorus Tamu = 2, }> 2a, g; 2b, 3} 2c, 2 (Wet- season Brood), 2d, 6, 2e, 9 (Dry- season Brood). Heliophorus Moorei

Fig. 3, $, 3a, 2, 3b, g, 3c, 9. Helio-

Fig.

phorus Androcles Puate 665. Fig. 1, la, 9. Gyaniriodes Libna ‘ Fig. 2, 6, 2a, e 2b, ¢. Poritia Hewit- soni Fig. 3, ¢, 3a, 9, 3b, $. Poritia ‘Eryci- noides ‘ Fig. 4, g, 4a, 9, “4b, 3. Poritia Sumatre . : 2 Puate 666. Fig. 1, g, la, 2, 1b, g, 1c, 2. Poritia Geta > Fig. 2, g, 2a, 2b, $. Poritia Phraa- tica . Fig. 3, g, 3a, 9, 3b, 3; Be, Q. " Simis- kina Pediada . Puate 667. Fig. 1, ¢, 1a, 9,1b, g,1le, 9. Simiskina Phalena . Fig. 2, 6, 2a, 9, 2b, $; 2e, 9. Simiskina Phalia . Fig. 3, g, 3a, 9, 3b, g, Be 2. Simiskina Potina Prate 668. Fig. 1, g, la, 2, 1b, g,1¢e, 9. Zarona Jasoda . Fig. 2, 2a, g. Cyaniriodes Libna Fig. 3, $, 3a, 2, 3b, g,3c, 9. Surendra pee tae ‘* Fig. 4, 6, 4a, 2, 40, a 4c, . Shrendra Discalis . Pate 669. Fig. 1, ¢, 1a, 9,16, g, le, 9. Surendra Amisena . ‘ 5 . Fig. 2, 6, 2a, 9, 2b, $3, 2c, es Surendra Florimel . - : Fig. 3, ¢, 3a, 9, 3b, 3, 3c, 2 Q (Wet-season

Brood), 3d, 3 (Dry-season Brood), 3e, larva and pupa. Traota Timoleon .

Puate 670. Fig.1, 6, 1 ?,1b, g. Iraota Rochana Fig. 2, $, 2a, 2b, 9, 2c, larva and pupa. Amblypodia Narada . 5 Fig. 3, 3a, ¢. Amblypodia Taooana

PAGE

105

129 130

Prats 671. Fig. 1, ¢, la, 9, 1b, g. Amblypodia Anita ; = . 3 C Fig. 2, g, 2a, 2b, ?. Uae Atkin- soni : ‘ Fig. 3, g, 3a, g, 3b, he Mahathala "Ameria 5 Prate 672. Fig. 1, ¢, 1a, 1b, 9. Thaduca Multicau- data 2 3 : , 5 Fig. 2, g, 2a, 9, 2b, g. Arhopala Con- Stancee . Fig. 3, g, 3a, 9, 3b, é- Athopals Cen- ” taurus = Puate 673. Fig. 1, g, la, 9, 1b, g. Arhopala Pirithous . : : ‘ : Fig. 2, g, 2a, 9, 2b, g, 2c, larva and

pupa. ‘Arhopala Coruscans. Fig. 3, g, 3a, 2, 3b, g, 3c, larva oral

pupa. ‘Arhopala Amantes . Puate 674. Fig. 1, g, la, 9, 1b, g. Arhopala Amatrix .

Fig. 2, 6, 2a, 9, 2b, 3. Arhopala Agnis Fig. 3, 3a, g. Arhopala Apha

Puate 675. Fig. 1, g,1a, 1b, 9. Arhopala Anthelus Fig. 2,¢, 2a,?,2b, 6. Arhopala Camdeo Fig: 3, g,3a, 2,3b, ¢. Arhopala Anarte

Puate 676. Fig. 1, g, la, 9, 1b, g. Arhopala Eumolphus : j : < Fig. 2, g, 2a, 9, 2), Arhopala Maxwelli . : 5 : Fig. 3, ¢, 3a, 9, 3b, Arhopala Hellenore 3 z : Puate 677. Fig. 1, g, la, 9, 1b, 6. Arhopala Silhetensis , : 3 F Fig. 2, g, 2a, 9, 2b, 6. Arhopala Nicév illei .

Fig. 3, ¢,.3a, 9, 3b, g. Arhopala ‘Agaba Fig. o 4a, 6. “Arhopala Zambra, nov.

Prats 678. Fig.1, $,1a,?,1b,g. Arhopala Bazalus

Fig. 2, 6, 2a, 2b, 9. Arhopala Singla . Fig. 3, 6, 3a, 92, 3b, 3. Athopala

‘Antura, nov.

158 160 161

161 163

164 165

166 167 168

Vili

DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.

Puiate 679. Fig. 1, g, 1a, 9,1b, g. Arhopala Selta Fig. 2, Gis Be 2, 2b, 6. Arhopala Aroa Fig. 3 be: 3a, 3b, 9. Arhopala Canaraica Fig. 4 4a, 3. ‘Athopala Mindanensis PrateE 680. Fig. 1, g, la, 1b, 9. Arhopala Rafilesii Fig. 2, g, 2a, 9, 2b, g. Arhopala Bazaloides Fig. 3, 6, 3a, 9, 3b, g. " Arhopala Alemon Prats 681. Fig. 1, g, la, 9, 1b, g. Arhopala Atrax Fig. 2, 6, 2a, 9,20, 6. ee Hewitsoni é Fig. 3, 3a, g. Arhopala Agrata : Fig. 4, 4a, g. Arhopala Alea PuatE 682. Fig. D la, 6. Arhopala Opalina . Fig. 2, 2a, g. Arhopala Aida . Fig. 3, 6, 3a, 9,930, 3 - Arhopala Basiviridis Fig. 4, 6, 4a, 9, Ae 3. Arhopala Mirabella . ‘ j : c PLATE 683. Fig. 3 g, la, 1b, 9. Arhopala Subfasciata Fig. 2, ¢, 2a, 2b, 9. Arhopala Albo- ‘punctata : Fig. 3, 6, 3a, ?, 3b, g. Arhopala ‘Alesia Fig 4, 6, 4a, 9, 4b, g. Arhopala Dama, nov. : c c 5 Puate 684. Fig.1, ¢, 1a, 9,1b, ¢. Arhopala Adorea Fig. 2, ¢, 2a, 9, 2b, 6. Arhopala Atosia Fig. 3, g, 3a, 9, 3b, 6. Arhopala Aidias Prate 685. Fig. 1, la, 3. Arhopala Khamti . Fig. 2 , ¢, 2a, 2b, 9. Arhopala Ginea . Fig. 3, , 8a, 3b, 9. Arhopala Abseus Puate 686. Fig. 1, g, la, 2, 1b, g, le, larva, 1d, pupa. Arhopala Rama. Fig. 2, ¢, 2a, 2b, 9. Arhopala Dodonxa Fig. Be 3a, Q. “Arhopala Comica . PLATE 687. Fig. 1, ¢, la, 9, 1b, g. Arhopala Diardi . ; . : z Fig. 2, g, 2a, 9, 2b, g. Arhopala Fulgida . : : : . Fig. 3, g¢, 3a, 9, 3b, g. Arhopala Asoka. : ° . :

PAGE 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177

178 179

198 199

Puiate 688.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

, 6, la, 1b, 2, le, larva and pupa. ” Arhopala ‘Apidanus 2, g, 2a, 2b, 9. Arhopala Ageia

Fig. 3, 3a, g. Arhopala Belphcebe Pate 689. Tes, No ei c,e ils Oe itp, Arhopala Chinensis s : G Fig. 2, 6, 2a, 9, 2b, Arhopala Areste . : : 3 Fig. 3, 6, 3a, 2, 3b, Arhopala Anniella . : > : Pate 690. Fig. 1, ¢, la, 9, 1b, g. Arhopala Bp : : ¢ : . Fig. 2, ¢, 2a, 9, 2b, g. Arhopala Antimuta Fig. 3, ¢, 3a, 3b, 9. Arhopala Moolaiana Prats 691. Fig. 1, la, g. Arhopala Duesse . Fig. 2, é6, 2a, 9, 26, 6. Arhopala Artegal Fig. 3, ¢, 3a, Os 3b, $. Arhopala Hypomuta 3 2 4 5 Fig. 4, 6, 4a, 9, 4b, g. Arhopala Metamuta é ° * : PLATE 692. Te, WL ig Ue, On Ie ec ese Paramuta : Fig. 2, 2a, g. Arhopala Roona Fig. 3, 3a, 9. Arhopala Zeta. Fig. 4, g, 4a, 4b, 9. Arhopala Perimuta Prate 693. Fig. 1, g, la, 9, 1b, g. Arhopala Andamanica . : : A Fig. 2, g, 2a, 9,2b, g. Arhopala Fulla Fig. 3, g, 3a, 9, 3b, g. Arhopala Arvina 5 : : - Prats 694. Hig: 1; }, la, 9, 1b, Arhopala Agelastus : : : Fig. 2, 6, 2a, 9, 26 Arhopala Perissa . 5 a Fig. 3, g, 3a, 9, 3b, Arhopala Adala ‘ : e Puate 695. Fig. 1, $, la, 9,10, ¢. Arhopala Tounh- one : : : ; Fig. 2, g, 2a, 2b, @. Arhopala Asopia .

. 8, 6, 3a, 2, 3b, @. Arhopala Meta

PAGE

DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.

Prate 696. - Fig. 1, ¢, la, 9, 1b,g. Arhopala Ober- thiiri : : : t : Fig. 2, $, 2a, 2b, 9. Arhopala Ganesa . Fig. 3,6, 3a, 3b, 9. Arhopala Aberrans Fig. 4, dg, 4a, 2, 4b, a a Bir- mana

Pruate 697. Fig. 1, la, g> Arhopala Ammonides Fig. 2, g, 2a, 2b, 2. ae Paraga- nesa Fig. 3, g, 3a, 3b, Q. " Arhopala Zephy- retta d Fig. 4, g, 4a, 9, 40, 3. Arhopala Ariel

Prats 698. Fig. 1, ¢, la, 2, 1b, @, le, 1d, larva and pupa. Curetis Thetys : Fig. 2, g, 2a, 9, 26, oy Curetis Stig- mata Fig. 3, $, 3a, ?, 3b, $b. Curetis Gloriosa

Prate 699. Fig. 1, g, a 9, 1b, g. Curetis Saronis Fig. 2, g, 2 re 2b, g (bulis form), 3, Be

3a, 3h, Q (discalis form) Puate 700.

Fig. 1, g, la, 2,1b, 6. Curetis Dentata His. 2; 6, 2a, 9, 26, g. Curetis

Angulata : : : é Fig. 3, g, 3a, ¢, 3b, g. Curetis Malayica . : : - :

Prate 701. Bias dus @, 1b, 6g. Liphyra eae : E . : 5 Fig. 2, 6, 2a, 9, 2b, g. Strymon

Sassanides : : . : Fig. 4 8, 3a, 9, 3b, g. Callophrys Rubi Fig. 4, 6, 4a, or 2 Pes ees "Leechi ; c

PAGE

PLATE Fig.

702. 1, g, la, 9, 1b, 6. Neolycena Sinensis : : : 5 2, g, 2a, 9, 2b, g. Ruralis Dohertyi ‘ : By Cig CEE Og lA Ge Ruralis Teana . 4, 4a, $. Ruralis Khasia : 703. 1, g, la, 9,1b, 6. Ruralis Ataxus 2, 6, 2a, 9, 2b, g. Ruralis Duma 3, g, 3a, 9, 3b, 6. Ruralis Syla . 704. 1, g, la, 2, 1b, g, le, 1d, larva and pupa. Ruralis Birupa 2, 2a, g¢. Ruralis Letha . 3, 3a, 6. Ruralis Zoa . 4, g, 4a, 9, 4b, g. Ruralis ahen 705. ig. » 3g, la, 9, 1b, g. Ruralis Pavo. » 65 2a, 9, 2b, g. Euaspa Mili- ‘onia Osis) Os 9, 3b, in ‘Cheetoprocta Odata é . . 4, 4a, g. Listeria Dudgeonii 705A. 1, la, larva and pepe. Traota Timoleon . 5 : . 2, 2a, larva and. pupa. Surendra Quercetorum . . : . 3, 3a, larva and pupa. "Amblypodia Anita . 4, 4a, larva and pupa. Arhopala ‘Coruscans . 5, larva. Arhopala Amantes .

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LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

Sub-Family LYCAENINZ.

Eyes naked, colouring on the upper side generally blue or purple, some few dark or pale brown: many metallic and shining, venation and general structure very similar in all the genera; the margins of the wings invariably entire; the hindwings are tailless.

GENITALIA.—/Edeeagus very wide at the proximal end, so that it is heart-shaped, and there is a good armature of cornuti (Chapman).

Genus PHENGARIS. Phengaris, Doherty, Journ. As, Soc. Bengal, 1891, p. 36.

Imaco.—Eyes smooth; this splendid Chinese butterfly, Lyceena atroguttata, Oberthiir, deserves to be placed in a separate genus or sub-genus, distinguished from Lycena by the upper discoidal vein of the hindwing being short, and angled outwardly, the lower discocellular meeting the median vein opposite its second forking.

This butterfly is certainly the finest of the sub-family, unless the Danis group of Cyaniris be excepted. I was not able to detect any odour about it, but it has all the air of a protected species. I often saw it in the meadows of the Kutcha Naga country, Naga Hills, from 6,000 to 8,000 feet elevation, flying very slowly and visible from a great distance, so that I caught a good number, in spite of its rarity. The character of its markings, round black spots on a pure white ground, is very remarkable. It is hard to avoid thinking Tajuria maculata, Hew., a mimic of this species, though it seems to live at a lower elevation and further to the westward. Turaka hamada is somewhat-similarly marked, and is obviously protected.

Ihave taken the name Phengaris, which means a daughter of the moon, from the modern Greek (Doherty, l.c.).

Type, atroguttata, Oberthiir.

Dr. Chapman informs us that the genitalia of Phengaris show characters closely allied to those of typical Lycena.

VOL. VIII. B

2 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

PHENGARIS ATROGUTTATA. Plate 640, figs. 1, g, la, 9, 1b, 9.

Lyczna atroguttata, Oberthiir, Etud. @Entom. ii. p- 21, pl. 1, fig. 4, a, b (1876).

Phengaris atroguttata, Doherty, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1891, p. 36, Leech, Butt. of China, Japan, and Corea, ii. p. 317 (1892). Watson, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1897, p. 659,

Phengaris atroguttata, var. albida, Leech, 1.c. pl. 28, fig. 5, ¢.

Imaco.—Male. Upperside very pale blue with a metallic sheen in certain lights, the basal and costal portions of the forewing and the basal and abdominal portions of the hindwing suffused with darker blue, darkest at the base and gradually paling outwards. orewing with a large black spot at the end of the cell, two beyond it near the marginal band, one above the other, a third black spot beneath them and more inwards, a small black dot below that and more inwards still ; a broad black marginal band, well defined, which abruptly stops a little below vein 3, and has below it a black mark on vein 2. Hindwing with a thin, suffused blackish, marginal band, containing suffused black markings in the interspaces, the black spots of the underside showing through the wing. Underside white. Horewing with all the markings jet black and large ; a transverse spot in the middle of the cell, a larger nearly round spot at the end, a whorl of spots in the upper disc beyond, commencing with a twin spot on the costa, a twin spot below and a little outside, a round spot again below and on the inner side and a small spot again below and still farther inwards, a sub-terminal row of square spots from the costa to interspace 1, an anteciliary row of short somewhat lunular marks stopping in the same interspace, and a marginal series of smaller and somewhat triangular spots stopping in the next lower interspace. Hindwing with three large spots on the costa and three bands of large spots across the wing, the first consisting of five, the second and third of seven each, and an anteciliary row, the spots becoming larger hindwards.

Female. Upperside like the male, but there is an extra spot inside the cell, three sub-apical spots instead of two, and a small spot straight below the hindermost large spot instead of being well on the inner portion of the wing as in the male; the marginal black band is also broader and is somewhat suffused on its inner side. -Hindwing with all the spots of the underside showing more distinctly and the outer marginal band broader. Underside similar to the male, except for the position of the small spot being directly below the large lowest one, instead of being on its inner side. Cilia of both sexes white.

Antenne black, club whitish beneath; head and body black above, whitish beneath.

Expanse of wings, f ?, 2 inches.

LYCANINE. 3

Hasirat.—Naga Hills, Western China.

Distripution.—The type came from Moupin; it is commonly distributed in W. China; Doherty procured it from the Naga Hills, and it is in our collection from the same locality. Watson records it from the Chin Hills.

Genus SCOLITANTIDES. Scolitantides, H bner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 68 (1816). Butler, Cat. Fabr. Lep. B.M. p. 167 (1869). Lycena, de Nicéville (part), Butt. of India, iii. p. 66 (1890). Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 334 (1907).

Has a peculiar type of coloration, the fringe of the wings being alternated with black and white, and the spots of the underside large and black; venation as in Lycena.

GerniTaLiA.—Harpagones or clasps not Plebeid; very broad, exceptionally so, and short, suddenly excavated from the lower apical half and extended into a long point downwards. Cingula or girdle deeply bent over the harpagones. Tegumen highly excised in front apex, raised into a high saddle at the back, the whole tegumen extended right beyond the harpagones. Falces or hooks much reduced, being merely two slightly curved points in the rear of the tegumen. Furca long, waved; sdcagus broad, exceptionally short, being only about twice its own width (Bethune-Baker).

Type, erion, Pallas.

SCOLITANTIDES BATON. Plate 640, figs. 2, ¢, 2a, 9, 2b, ¢. Papilio baton, Bergstriasser, Nomencl. ii. p. 18, vol. iii. pl. 9, figs. 6 to 8 (1779). Lyczna baton, Elwes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 889, Lang, Butt. of Europe, p. 109, pl. 24, fig. 2, ¢ 9? (1884). Papilio hylastor, Bergstriisser, Nomencl. ii. pl. 47, figs. 7, 8 (1779). Polyommatus vicrama, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 505, pl. 31, fig. 6, 9. Scolitantides cashmirensis, Moore, l.c. 1874, p. 272. Butler, Proce. Zool. Soc. 1880, p. 408. Lyczena hylas, de Nicéville (nec Schiff.), Butt. of India, iii. p. 84 (1890). Leslie and Evans, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1893, p. 673. Bingham, Fauna of Brit, India, Butt. ii. p. 351 (1907).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside greyish-blue, both wings with a slender lunular black line at the end of the cell, and black marginal line with a little inner blackish suffusion, a series of sub-terminal blackish spots on the hindwing, and indications of a very slender white line close to the marginal line. Cilia white, with blackish spots opposite the vein ends. Underside grey, with a slight bluish tinge with a few blue scales at the base, markings black, prominent. /orewing with a spot inside the cell, a short lunular mark at the end of the cell, a discal series of seven spots, much curved outwards

B 2

4 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

above the middle, the two upper spots small, the second spot from the lower end well inwards, the lowest spot outside on a line with the third, a sub-terminal series of spots, a black marginal line and between them a row of short brown linear marks. /Zindwing with four sub-basal spots in an outwardly curved row, a lunule at the end of the cell, a discal series of eight spots, the upper one near the apex of the wing, the next well inwards being the commencement of an outwardly highly curved row of five spots, the second from the lower end well outwards, and a costal spot between the upper spot and the sub-basal spot ; a sub-terminal double series of short lunules with orange-ochreous between them ; a black marginal line. Cilia as on the upperside; in some examples the black spots are’encircled with pale whitish.

Female. Upperside purplish-brown, with some blue-grey basal irrorations, the lunular mark at the end of the cell obscure, some sub-terminal obscure blackish spots with narrow, paler surroundings, mostly obsolete on the forewing, faintly indicated on the hindwing, not visible on either wing in some examples. Cilia as in the male, but the spots in it are brown. Underside as in the male. Antenne black, ringed with white ; top of head white ; some white marks on the front of the thorax; thorax and abdomen blackish above, with greyish-blue pubescence, white beneath.

Expanse of wings, S 14%; inches.

Hasirat.—N.W. Himalayas, Central and South-Eastern Europe, Afghanistan.

DisrriputTion.—Leslie and Evans record it from Chitral, Butler from Kandahar, de Nicéville from Ladak, Kashmir, Lahoul, Kunawur, Bingham from Beluchistan ; it is in our collection also from Kulu and Kashmir.

ALLIED CHINESE AND JAPANESE SPECIES.

Scolitantides orion, Papilio orion, Pallas, Reise, i. p. 471 (1771). Leech, Butt. of China, ete. il. p. 309 (1892). Habitat, Corea, Pekin, Central Europe, Asia Minor, South Siberia, and the Amur.

Scolitantides lanty, Lycena lanty, Oberthiir, Etud. d’Ent. xi. p. 21, pl. 7, fig. 53 (1886). Habitat, Chinese Thibet.

Genus LYCA( NA.

Lyczena, Fabricius, Tl. Mag. vi. p. 285 (1807). de Nicéville (part), Butt. of India, iii. p. 66 (1890). Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 3384 (1907).

Forewing with vein 6 from upper end of cell, 9 out of 7, the bases of 6 and 7 well separated, 8 absent, 5 from the middle of discocellulars, 10 and 11 from apical half of sub-costal vein, 12 at apex bent slightly towards 11. Hindwing with 3 and 4 distinctly separated at base, 3 from a little before the end of the cell, 4 from the end, 7 from

LYCANIN 4. 5

apical half of sub-costal, 8 strongly arched at base, then straight to apex, running close to costal margin. Antenne half as long as the costa of forewing, club well marked, oval, pointed at tip, palpi sub-porrect, with short stiff hairs in front, third joint moderately long, legs slender, tibie and tarsi of foreleg tapered, the latter long, ex- articulate, spined beneath, foreles of female normal, with minute claws. Genitalia with the clasp more or less quadrangular on side view, with a strong spine from the dorsal angle parallel with the distal margin; the cornuti are small and numerous.

Type, arion, Linnzeus. Photo of genitalia of Lycena arion, Linnzus. According to Tutt, all

the species of this genus that follow belong to Scudder’s genus Glaucopsyche, Syst. Rev. Am. Butt. p. 33 (1872), type, lygdamus, Doubleday, from America, which Tutt separates from Lycena, but the general structure is the same, and Dr. Chapman informs us that the genitalia are congeneric.

LYCHNA YOUNGHUSBANDI.

Plate 640, figs. 3, ¢, 3a, 2, 3b, g.

Lyczena younghusbandi, Elwes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1906, p. 484, pl. 36, fig. 10, ¢. Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt, ii. p. 338 (1907).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside, dark brownish-black, with a satiny sheen and tinted with plumbeous; marginal lines black and slender, an indistinct slender linear mark at the end of the cell of the forewing. Cilia snow white, with a basal ochreous-grey band. Underside. J orewing brownish-grey, spots black, with whitish edges ; a linear mark at the end of the cell, and a discal even row of six spots, the row slightly outwardly curved, the lowest spot oblique, formed of two joined together ; a sub-terminal, very indistinct double row of grey lunular marks ; terminal line brown. indwing with all the inner portion glistening green, leaving a fairly even terminal band of brownish- grey, veins in the green portion grey, some glistening green sub-terminal spots, grey terminal line, and cilia of both wings grey.

6 LEPIDGPTERA INDICA.

Female, like the male above and below, the sub-terminal markings on the underside more prominent. Antenne black, ringed with white, head and body brownish-black above, white beneath.

Expanse of wings, $ ? 1435 inches.

Haspirat.—Thibet.

DisrripuTion.—Recorded by Bingham from Sikkim, Chumbi Valley, and Phari ; in the B. M., a fine series of both sexes (including the types) from Gyantze, Thibet.

LYCHNA FELICIS.

Plate 641, figs. 1, g, la, 9, lb, 6. Lycena felicis, Oberthiir, Etud. d’Ent. xi. p. 21, pl. 7, fig. 52 (1886). Leech, Butt. of China, ete. ii. p. 307. (1892).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside dark blackish-brown with a chocolate tint, five deep black sub-terminal, triangular spots on the hindwing, from the anal angle upwards, each outwardly edged with metallic blue-green scales, and inwardly with dark orange angulated lunules, the upper and lowest spot small. Underside. Lorewing grey, spots deep black, ringed with white; a lunular spot at the end of the cell, a discal series of six nearly round spots, slightly curving inwards at its upper end, the lowest spot geminate ; a sub-terminal series of more or less lunular spots decreasing in size and paling in colour upwards, a very fine brown terminal line, and between them some grey lunular marks on a whitish ground. SHindwing pale blue-green, becoming pale outwards, the terminal border more or less grey like the colour of the forewing, a black, fine, lunular line on a pale ground at the end of the cell. Cilia above, with the inner half brown, the outer half white; on the underside it is grey. Antenne black, ringed with white. Palpi black above, white beneath, with black and white rather long hairs ; frons blackish-brown, with a white streak on each side, head and body blackish-brown above, white beneath.

Very near Younghusbandi, but the markings on the underside of the forewings differ somewhat, and the wings are broader and shorter.

Female, like the male.

Expanse of wings, ¢ ? 1335 inches.

Hasirat.—Thibet.

Disrripution.—In the B. M. from Gyantze, How-kow and other parts of Thibet.

LYCHNA OMPHISA. Plate 641, figs. 2, ¢, 2a, 2, 2b, @.

Polyommatus omphisa, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874, p. 573, pl. 66, fig. 2, ¢. Lyczena omphisa, de Nicéville, Butt of India, iii. p. 84 (1890), Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, ii. p. 347, pl. 19, fig. 131 (1907).

LYCHNINA. 7

Imaco.—Male. Upperside blackish-brown, all the interior portion of both wings thickly covered with metallic blue scales which in some lights look purple-blue and in others purple-green, leaving the borders as if with broad even blackish bands, the extent of the blue scaling, however, varies somewhat in different specimens. Under- side. orewing dark brownish-grey, darker on the outer marginal portion ; a black lunule edged with white at the end of the cell, an even discal series of six black spots edged with white, the lowest geminate, the three upper ones curving inwards below the costa, some obscure white angular marks on the outer margin ; the base of the wing thickly suffused with blue scales. Hindwing blue-green, darker towards the base ; a white lunule at the end of the cell, four white spots in an even curve in the middle of the disc, and a fifth white spot on the middle of the costa; veins rather prominent.

Female. Upperside dark purple-brown without any markings; a slender black marginal line to both wings and a black costal line on the forewing. Underside. Forewing suffused with pale chestnut-brown, the outer margin with large pale white spots joined together, making a rather broad whitish marginal band, some blue suffusion at the base. Hindwing dull pale blue-green with some pale greyish suffusion on the costal parts; markings on both wings as in the male. Cilia white. Antenne black, ringed with white; head and body black above with some blue pubescence, below white.

Expanse of wings, $ 14%, 2 1445 inches.

Hasirat.—N. W. Himalayas.

DistripuTion.—Recorded from Chitral, Lahoul and Ladak; and it is in our collection from Dras,

LYCHZNA METALLICA. Plate 641, figs. 3, ¢, 3a, 9, 3b, 9.

Lycena metallica, Felder, Reise, Nov. Lep. ii. p. 283, pl. 35, figs. 7,8, ¢, 9, 9 (1865). Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1882, p. 247. de Nicéville, Butt. of India, i. p. 83 (1890). Lyczna galathea, Bingham (part), Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 348 (1907).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside, both wings dilute violaceous-cyaneous, a whitish striga before the cilia, outwardly powdered with fuscous. J orewing with the tips of the veins and the margin increasingly hindward. indwing with the costal border and the external margin fuscous. Underside. orewing very pale hoary-brownish at the base and at the apex; the hindwing entirely metallic bluish-greenish. J vurewing with a rounded spot. Hindwing with a litura on the discocellulars, and a bent fascia of rounded spots beyond the disc whitish, broader in the forewing and in the hindwing joined to a fuscous shadow (Felder).

Female. Upperside brown. Forewing with the basal two-thirds. Hindwing with

8 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

the interior area with blue iridescent scales, three sub-terminal square spots (now faded) orange-ochreous above the hinder angle of the forewing and a series of similar sub- terminal spots on the hindwing, decreasing in size upwards. Cilia of both wings white. Underside. orewing grey, shining, some blue-green scales at the base; a narrow spot at the end of the cell, and seven in a transverse row in the disc, all whitish with brown centres. Hindwing green, almost emerald green, veins and outer margin speckled with brownish (apparently because the green scales are rubbed off them), a white lunular spot at the end of the cell and a discal, evenly curved row of large round, white spots. Antenne black, ringed with white; head and body blackish-brown above, orey beneath.

Expanse of wings, $ ? 1425 inches.

Hasrrat.—Ladak.

The description and figures of the male are taken from Felder’s description and figures, the type being lost; the blue colour of the upperside is undoubtedly too vivid ; the description and figures of the female are taken from the actual type-specimen kindly lent from the Tring Museum ; the type-specimen isa female as stated by Felder, and not a male as supposed by de Nicéville. There can be no doubt that Felder’s figures 7 and 8 represent the male and his figure 9 represents the female, though the blue coloration of the interior of the wings of this figure is, as it is in the male figure, much too vivid, the colour of this female is really brown with blue iridescence, very difficult to represent in a coloured figure. Bingham altogether misidentified the species, sinking fig. 9 to omphisa, and figs. 7 and 8 to galathea. He never could have seen Felder’s type.

LYCANA NYCULA. Plate 641, figs. 4, g, 4a, 2, 4b, 9.

Polyommatus nycula, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 503, pl. 31, fig. 3, ¢.

Lycena nycula, Staudinger, Ex. Schmett. 1888, p. 272, pl. 94, ¢.

Lyczna galathea, de Nicéville (part), Butt. of India, iii. p. 82 (1890). Bingham, Fauna of Brit.

India, Butt. ii. p. 348 (1907).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside dark violet-blue. vrewing with the costal line blackish, and both wings with the outer marginal line blackish, with fine streaks from it running in on the veins; cilia white with a pale grey line in it, hardly visible ; some blue scales at the base of both wings. Underside pale brownish-grey. Forewing with a white spot at the end of the cell, and a discal even row of white spots, containing minute, central, grey dots, outwardly curved above its middle and inwardly curved below it, some indistinct angulated whitish marks on the outer margin which under the lens are blue-tinted. Hindwing pale blue-green, a thin white lunule at the end of the cell, and a curved row of five pale white spots in the disc,

LYCZENINZ. 9

- with a sixth white spot in the middle of the costa; a series of pale white angulated marks on the outer margin. Antenne black, ringed with white; head and body blackish with blue pubescence.

Female. Dark chocolate-brown. Fvrewing with four large square subterminal orange spots above the hinder angle, sometimes with indications of a fifth. finding with a complete sub-terminal row of similar spots, the second and third the largest, decreasing in size upwards. Underside like the male, but the colour on both wings paler, the outer marginal space tinged with pale blue on the forewing, some brownish suffusion on the interior portion of the wing, and the discal row of white spots with more prominent dark central dots. Hindwing similar to the male.

Expanse of wings, f 1745, 2 143; inches.

Hasrrat.—N.W. Himalayas.

DisrriputTion.—The type came from Kunawar, it has been recorded from Simla and Tehri Gurhwal. Moore also records it from Kashmir and Narkunda; and it is in our collection from Kunawur and Pangi.

LYCHNA GALATHEA. Plate 642, figs. 1, g, la, 9, 1b, ¢.

Lycena Galathea, Blanchard, in Jacq. Voy. Ind. iv. p. 21, pl. 1, figs. 5, 6, g (1844). de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 82 (1890). Mackinnon and de Nicéville, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1898, p. 379. Leslie and Evans, id. 1903, p. 673. Bingham (part), Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 348 (1907).

Polyommatus galathea, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874, p. 271 ; id. Sci. Res. Second Yark. Miss. Lep. p. 6 (1879).

ImaGo.—Male. Upperside of a beautiful azure-blue colour. orewing with the costal line black, marginal line black with the colour running in shortly on the veins. Cilia white with a grey line in it. Underside. Fvrewing grey, pale on the upper parts, the lower portions smeared with brown in the outer parts of the interspaces ; a discal row of six black spots edged with white, the two lowest geminate, the third and fourth linear, the fifth oblique, the sixth small, the seventh minute and placed a little inwards below the costa ; a thin lunular line edged with white at the end of the cell; base of wing with blue iridescence. Hindwing blue-green densely irrorated with darker blue- green on the basal portion; a white lunular line at the end of the cell, and a discal well-curved row of six pale white spots in regular order. Antenne black, ringed with white; head and body blackish above, covered with blue hairs ; white below.

Female. Upperside dark brown, almost blackish-brown. orewing with three subterminal dark orange spots above the hinder angle, decreasing in size upwards.

VOL. VIII, c

10 ; LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

Hlindwing with four subterminal similar spots, the second and third from the anal angle the largest. Underside like the underside of the male.

Expanse of wings, $ ? 1445 inches.

Hapirat.—N.W. Himalayas. :

DIsTRIBUTION.—Mackinnon and de Nicéville record it from Mussuri; Leslie and Evans from Chitral; it has also been recorded from Pangi, Kashmir, Kulu, and the

hills north of Simla, and it is in our collection from Goolmurg.

ALLIED CHINESE AND JAPANESE SPECIES.

Lyczena lycormas, Polyommatus lycormas, Butler, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. Lond. ix. p. 57 (1868). Synonym, Lycena scylla, Oberthiir, Etud. d’Ent. v. p. 22 (1880). Staudinger, Rom. sur Lep. iii. p. 139, pl. 16, fig. 7 (1887). Habitat, Japan.

Lyczena kazamoto, Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 361 (1875). Habitat, Central Japan.

Lycena cxligena, Oberthiir, Ktud. d’Ent. ii. p. 21, pl. i. figs. 3, a, b (1876). Habitat, Central China.

Lycena euphemia, Lycena euphemius, var. euphemia, Staudinger, Rom. sur Lep. iii. pp. 142, 288, pl. 138, fig. 6 (1887). Habitat, Yesso Island, Japan.

Lycena divina, Fixsen, Rom. sur Lep. iii. p. 286, pl. 13, figs. 5a, b, 2 (1887). Habitat, Corea.

Lycena xgina, Grum-Grshimailo, Hore Ross. 1891, p. 451. Leech, Butt. of China, ete. ii. p. 303, pl. 31, fig. 11, g¢ (1892). Habitat, Central China.

Lycena insularis, Lycena argus, var. insularis. Leech, Butt. of China, etc. ii, p. 302, pl. 31, figs. 8, 6,5, 9 (1892). Habitat, Yesso Island, Japan.

Lycena barine, Leech, l.c. p. 304, pl. 31, fig. 14, § (1892). Habitat, Oiwake, Japan.

Sub-Family PLEBEINZ.

Eyes naked, except in the genus Polyommatus, and in the aberrant genera Azanus and Orthomiella, colour generally blue or purple as in Lyceeninz, neuration similar,

GENITALIA.—Clasp large, tapering to each end, each clasp quite separate from its fellow, and with the two divisions into which the clasp is divided only distinct at the very end. The dorsal portion of the armature consists of two lateral portions, connected across the actual dorsum by a comparatively narrow and featureless strip of chitin, less reduced, however, than in Celastrina (Lycenopsis) ; each side has a rather long process clothed with hairs, and of by no means simple structure ; attached to the hase of this is a smooth hook, so articulated as to have considerable freedom of movement; the base of the hook is more or less swollen, and extends somewhat transversely to the dorsal process, then with a bend, which may be a right angle, the rest of the hook extends more or less parallel to the dorsal process on its dorsal side. It is the size and form of this

PLEBEINL. 11

hook and its relation to the dorsal process that afford the easiest characters to seize for the sub-division of the Plebeids (Chapman).

Tutt has divided the genus Plebeiws into several sub-divisions merely on account

of small differences in the genitalia, most of them so small, it is impossible to consider them generic characters, we prefer putting them into sections, giving the genitalial differences from Chapman’s notes in Tutt’s Britt. Lep. x. pp. 156-157 (1907). Polyom- matus, however, though practically similar in every other character, has hairy eyes, and therefore the species of that genus are easily distinguishable ; all the above are tailless. All the species of Edales and Euchrysops have filamentous tails, and in that they differ from the other Plebeids, but in every other respect Hdales is a true Plebeid, and Euchrysops very nearly related. , Nore.—Tutt says (Britt. Butt. ix. p. 327) that the character (smooth or hairy eyes) is of little importance, and “ does not even separate species belonging to different sub-families.” We have not found this to be the case; in the Heterocera the eye character is of great importance as a family character, and in the Lycenidz we have found it, almost universally, to correspond with the characters of the genitalia and general structure ; in only two instances in the whole of the Lyceenidze do we find hairy- eyed and smooth-eyed genera that have to be put in the same sub-family ; in the Plebeinze there are three, Polyommatus, Azanus and Orthomiella; Polyommatus is a true Plebeid, the others somewhat aberrant; the other genera are all smooth eyed; in the Hypolyczeninz the hairy and smooth-eyed genera are in about equal numbers, and form two sections of that sub-family ; the remaining sub-families have no exceptions that we have yet found, and are as follows :—

_ SMOOTH EYED. HAIRY EYED. Gerydinz. . “ Curetine. Ly cxenopsinz. Ruraline = Thecline. Everine. Aphneine. Lyczenine. Chrysophanine, Poritine, Amblypodine. Cheritrinz. Horagine. Biduandine. Loxurine. Liphyrine, SECTION I.

. Genus PLEBEIUS.

_ Plebeii, Linnzus, Syst. Nat. i. (2); p. 744-(1767). Cuvier, Tabl. Elem. p. 591 (1799). - ‘Plebeius, Kluk, Zwierz, Hist.. Nat. iv..p: 81 (1780), Crotch, Cist. Ent, i. p. 60 (1872). Kirby, Cc 2

12 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

Handbook Lep. ii. p. 87 (1895), Tutt, Ent. Record, vii. pp. 220, 340 (1895) ; id. Brit. Lep. x. p. 159 (1909).

Lycena, de Nicéville (part), Butt. of India, iii. p. 66 (1890). Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, i. p. 334 (1907).

Cyaniris, Dalman, Kongl. Vet. Acad. Handl. xxxvii. p. 63 (1816). Type, semiargus, Rottenburg.

Nomiades, Hiibner, Verz, bek. Schmett. p. 67 (1816). .

Aricia, R, and L, Jena, Allg. Lit. Zeit. i. p. 280 (1817). Prout, Ent. Record, xxi. p. 156 (1909). Type, astrarche, Bergstriisser.

Vaceiniina, Tutt, Brit. Butt. x. p. 154 (1908). Type, optilete, Knoch,

Albulina, Tutt, l.c. Type, pheretes, Eversmann.

Latiorina, Tutt, l.c. p. 55. Type, orbitulus, Esper.

Structure and neuration very similar to Lycena. Genitalia characterised by its length and slenderness of both dorsal process and the upright portion of the hook ; the dorsal process is, also curved in such a way that, when the parts are flattened, as — occurs when mounting them on a slide, the dorsal armature has the closest resemblance to the harp-like tale of the lyre-bird, or perhaps we ought to say, to the conventional harp that that tail so closely imitates (Chapman).

Type, Argus, Linnzeus.

PLEBEIUS LOEWII. Plate 642, figs. 2, ¢, 2a, 9, 2b, 9. Lyczxna loewii, Zeller, Isis, 1847, p. 9. Herrick-Schiifer, Schmett. Eur. i. figs. 434 to 437 (1849). Lang, Butt. of Europe, p. 141 (1884). de Nicéville, Butt. of India, ii. p. 79, pl. 26, fig. 167, ¢

(1890). Leslie and Evans, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1903, p. 672. Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 343 (1907).

Lycena empyrea, Freyer, Neuere Beitr. vi. pl. 573, fig. 1 (1852). Gerhard, Mon. Lye. pl. 17, figs. 2, a to ¢ (1853). i

Lyceena chamanica, Moore, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1884, p. 23. de Nicéville, Butt. of India, 111. p. 79 (1890).

ImaGo.—Male. Upperside purplish-blue. orewing with the costal and outer marginal lines black, the latter with a little black suffusion and short blackish streaks running in on the veins and in the interspaces. J/indwing with a black marginal line, a series of indistinct subterminal black marks with a fine white line between them. Cilia white with a black basal band. Underside grey, markings black edged with white. orewing with a lunule at the end of the cell, a discal series of six spots, the lowest linear, the second and third oblique, the upper three close together. /indwing with four sub-basal spots, a lunule at the end of the cell, and a discal series of six spots, the lowest lunular, the next placed inwards in a line with the first spot and the cell lunule, forming the end of a complete curve with the next three, the last two of this curve, being the fourth and fifth spots of the series, close together, the six

PLEBEINZ. 13

inwards, in a line with the seventh spot below the middle of the costa, and also another costal spot near the apex of the wing; both wings with a subterminal series of brown spots, enclosed by a lunular pale brown line, the first, second and fourth from the anal angle with metallic blue scales, the first three bordered on their inner sides with orange-ochreous ; a fine marginal brown line and grey cilia with a brown basal band. Antenne black, ringed with white ; head and body black above with a little blue pubescence, white beneath.

Female. Upperside brown. Forewing with a blackish spot at the end of the cell, a post-discal transverse double series of pale whitish spots, the outer series being obscure, a marginal blackish line with a very indistinct and very fine inner whitish line. Hindwing with a post-discal series of more or less obscure whitish spots, a subterminal series of blackish spots, commencing with a small pair close together near the anal angle, the next two the largest, the others more obscure and decreasing in size upwards, all edged outwardly with white, and the first four crowned inwardly with orange, a marginal blackish line, and cilia of both wings as in the male. Underside as in the male, the markings larger and more prominent.

_Expanse of wings, $ 1,45 inches.

Hasirat.—Beluchistan, Chitral, Persia, Asia Minor.

DistriputTion.—Recorded by Leslie and Evans from Chitral, by de Nicéviile from Quetta and Khojak; in our collection from Gunduk in the Sarakola Pass, Beluchistan.

PLEBEIUS SAMUDRA. Plate 642, figs. 3, g, 3a, 9, 3b, ¢g.

Polyommatus samudra, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874, p. 574, pl. 67, fig. 2, ¢. Lycena samudra, de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 78 (1890). Leslie and Evans, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1903, p. 673. Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 347 (1907).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside lavender-blue, both wings with slender terminal black line, in most examples (but not in the type-specimen) with a little black suffusion inside the line, thickest at the apex of each wing ; some dull blue scaling at the base. Cilia snow-white. Underside grey, spots black, ringed with whitish. Forewing with a short lunule at the end of the cell, a discal even series of five spots, with a slight outward curve, the lowest composed of two small spots joined together, the next the largest, the next three more or less angular in shape. Hindwing with three sub-basal spots, a pale short slender lunular mark at the end of the cell; a discal series of eight spots, six of them in an even and well-curved row from the middle of the costa to the second interspace, the other two outwards, level with each other, near the abdominal margin of the wing; both wings with slender terminal brown line, sub-terminal brown

14 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

lunules and an indistinct series of brown marks between them, those on the hindwing containing some pale blue-green metallic scales. Cilia white with grey marks at the vein ends.

Female. Upperside brown with a few dull blue scales at the base, and on the abdominal margin of the hindwing ; terminal line black and slender. Underside as in the male, but in the type-specimen the ground colour is much darker, markings similar. Antenne black, ringed with white ; head and body black above with blue hairs, white beneath.

Expanse of wings, ¢ ? 1545 inches.

Hasirat.—Baltistan, Beluchistan, Ladak, Kashmir.

DisTRIBUTION.—-The types in the B. M. are from Kashmir; there is one example from Ladak, and a fine series of both sexes from Kiris, 8,000 feet elevation.

SECTION J[.—Aricta.

Genitalia has a comparatively very fine hook to the dorsal process, and possesses on the body of the clasp, in a longitudinal line, a number of rough spinous processes. Type, astrarche, Bergstrasser.

PLEBEIUS ASTRARCHE. Plate 642, figs. 4, g, 4a, 2, 4b, 2.

Papilio astrarche, Bergstrisser, Nomencl. iii. p. 4, pl. 49, figs. 7, 8 (1779).

Lycena astrarche, Staudinger, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. xiv. p. 2£0 (1878). Elwes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 889. Lang, Butt. of Europe, p. 114, pl. 24, fig. 9, g, 9 (1884). Alphéraky, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. xvi. p. 386 (1881). Doherty, Journ, As. Soc, Bengal, 1886, p. 133. Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 337 (1907).

Papilio allous, Hiibner, Eur. Schmett. i. figs. 988 to 992 (1827-1841).

Lyczna astrarche, var. allous, Lang, Butt. of Europe, p. 115 (1884). ; Lyceena medon, de Nicéville (nec Hufnagel), Butt. of India, iii. p. 69 (1890). Mackinnon and de Nicéville, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1898, p. 379. Leslie and Evans, id. 1903, p. 671.

Polyommatus nazira, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 504, pl. 31, fig. 4.

Lyczna nazira, Moore, l.c. 1882, p. 246.

Cupido nazira, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1886, p. 368.

Imaco.—Male. Upperside satin brown. orewing with a black spot at the end of the cell; a terminal series of blackish spots, and a sub-terminal series of orange lunules, sometimes one and sometimes both obsolete. Hindwing with a similar terminal and sub-terminal series more prominent, a fine black marginal line to both wings. Underside dark grey with some blue scales at. the base, markings

PLEBEIN 4. ; 15

black, with white edgings. Forewing with a spot at the end of the cell, and a discal series of spots, highly curved outwards above the middle and inwards below it. Mindwing with four sub-basal spots in a line, a thin lunule at the end of the cel], a discal series of spots curved above and below as in the forewing ; both wings with terminal black line, a sub-terminal series of black spots with a white line between them and the terminal line, the white line having black dots on the vein ends, the black spots heavily crowned with orange and the orange crowned with thin blackish lunules. Cilia white. Antenne black, ringed with white ; club whitish beneath ; head and body blackish-brown above, white beneath ; palpi with some stiff black hairs.

Female, above and below, like the male, but the bands above are composed of larger orange spots, and on the underside the ground colour is darker, and all the markings larger and more prominent.

Expanse of wings, $ 2 145 to 1; inches.

Larva.—Pale green, with a brownish-purple medio-dorsal stripe and faint pale lateral stripes ; each segment has two wart-like eminences with projecting white bristles ; the ventral surface is pale green with whitish bristles ; the claspers are semi-transparent and pale yellow in colour; the legs are spotted with black ; when full-grown itis about half an inch in length and has the usual Lycena shape ; its food-plant is the Storkbill (Erodium cicutarium).

Pupa.—Has the usual Lyceena form, pale yellow in colour, witha green tinge, with a dorsal stripe of reddish-purple ; it is spun up among the dry leaves of Hrodium and Artemisia (Lang).

Hasirat.—The Himalayas, throughout Europe, Asia Minor, Kouldja, Askold and Amurland.

Distrisution.—de Nicéville records it from Simla, Kashmir, Ladak, Kumaon, Cheena, Doherty from Naini Tal, Bingham from Beluchistan, Mackinnon and de Nicéville from Mussuri, Leslie and Evans from Chitral, and it is in our collection from Solon, Simla.

PLEBEIUS IRIS.

Plate 643, figs. 1, ¢, la, 2, 1b, ¢.

Lycena iris, Staudinger, Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1886, p. 207. Grum-Grshimailo, Rom. Mem. Lep. iv. p- 378, pl. 7, fig. 8 (1890). Leslie and Evans, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1903, p. 672. Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 337 (woodcut) (1907).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside rich silky purple-brown; both wings with terminal black line and black lunule at the end of the cell. Hindwing with a very indistinct sub-terminal series of blackish spots, and sometimes indications of a series close to the margin, the two nearest the anal angle less obscure than the others, and occasionally

16 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

with two or three blue-green metallic scales. Cilia snow-white. Underside dark grey, spots large and edged with clear-cut white rings. Jorewing with the largest spot of all, at the end of the cell; in some examples it looks like two spots closely joimed together, a discal series of six spots quite close to the large discoidal spot, the first four from the upper end in a well-curved series, the lowest spot outwards, the third, fourth and fifth at right angles to the others, like short bars, the fifth generally the longest. Hindwing with four sub-basal spots in an irregular line, a thick lunular mark at the end of the cell, and a discal series of seven spots, the sixth from the costa outwardly deeply curved, the seventh placed a little outwards ; both wings with a terminal brown line, a sub-terminal series of brown lunular marks, edged inwardly by conspicuous white lunules, and between them a paler series of brown lunular marks, the last four spaces before the anal angle of the hindwing filled in with orange suffusion, the spots in them jet black with metallic blue-green scales, the two middle ones the largest.

Female, above and below, like the male.

Antenne black, ringed with white; thorax and abdomen blackish above, white beneath ; front and top of head white.

Expanse of wings, ¢ ? 1 to 1+/5 inches.

Hasrrat.—Central Asia, Pamirs, Chitral.

DisTRIBUTION.—A fine series in the B. M. from Turkestan, Samarkund, and many other parts of Central Asia, and nine examples from Ziarat and Jhela Drosh, Chitral, collected by Leslie and Evans.

SECTION IIJ.—Atxpu.ina.

Genitalia agrees with Aricia in the general form of the long hard process of the clasp, but has the hook of the dorsal process with a very broad square base, and the upper portion thick below, tapering and ending in a slight hook.

Type, pheretes, Eversmann.

PLEBEIUS LEHANA. Plate 643, figs. 2, g, 2a, 9, 2b, @. Polyommatus lehana, Moore, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 230; id. Sci. Res. Second Yark. Miss. Lep. p. 6, pl. i. fig. 6, ¢ (1879). Lycezena lehana, de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 81 (1890). Mackinnon and de Nicéville, Journ.

Bo, Nat. Hist. Soc. 1898, p. 379. Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 352, pl. 19, fig. 132, ¢, 133, 9 (1907).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside purplish-blue, with some dark blue scaling at the base ; both wings with very fine marginal black line. Underside. Forewing plumbeous- grey, with blue scaling at the base, markings blackish-brown with white edges; a lunular mark at the end of the cell, a diseal row of five small spots, evenly curved

PLEBEINZ.. 17

inwards at its upper end. //indwing with the ground colour darker; markings pure white, large and prominent, a streak within the cell, a costal spot above it, another spot outwards close to it, a spot below obliquely outwards, five squarish lengthened spots in the disc in a row, only separated from each other by the veins, the upper end outwardly obliquely below the last-mentioned spot, the row running right across the wing, the lowest spot belonging to it (very small) placed inwards, a series of paler and more obscure sub-terminal spots, all the spots centred by very obscure grey dots. Cilia white. Antenne black, ringed with white; head and body blackish above, clothed with bluish hairs, white beneath, the palpi beneath fringed with black hairs,

Female. Upperside darker than the male, otherwise it is similar both above and beneath.

Expanse of wings, $ $ 1 inch.

Hasirat.—Western Himalayas.

Distripution.—Mackinnon and de Nicéville record it from Mussuri, de Nicéville from Leh and Ladak ; and both sexes are in our collection from Kashmir.

PLEBEIUS ASIATICA. Plate 643, figs. 3, ¢, 3a, 2, 3b, ¢. Lyczxna pheretes, var. asiatica, Elwes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1882, p. 402; id. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1888, p. 382. de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 81 (1890). Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 352, pl. 19, fig. 134 (1907).

Imaco.—Male. Forewing more pointed at apex. Upperside, both wings rich metallic blue, with very fine marginal black line. Underside grey. Forewing with a thin black lunular mark edged with white at the end of the cell, some blue scaling at the base of the wing. Hindwing irrorated with blue scales on the basal two-thirds, the white spots arranged as in Lehana, but smaller and more round.

Female. Upperside darker and duller in colour, with fine marginal black line. Underside coloured like the male. Forewing with three small white spots in a transverse row in the upper disc, instead of the complete row of discal spots as in Lehana. HHindwing with a white lunule at the end of the cell, the remaining markings as in Lehana.

Expanse of wings, 3 75, 2 1 inch.

Hasitat.—Sikkim, Chumbi.

PLEBEIUS PHARIS. Plate 643, figs. 4, $, 4a, 9, 4b, ¢. Lycena pheretes, var. pharis, Fawcett, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, vol. ii. p- 138, pl. 9, figs. 5, g, 5a, 9. Imaco.—Male. Upperside dark purple-blue. Forewing with a black marginal

line; margin of hindwing broadly black, especially at apex and costa ; cilia broadly VOL. VIII. D

18 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

white. Underside. Forewing purple-grey, paling towards apex; a black spot ringed with white at apex of cell, a discal series of small black spots ringed with white, varying in number; in some specimens only three, usually four. indwing pale brownish on the disc, fading into pale greenish-ochreous at the margin, with the following pale ochreous spots; one in and extending beyond discoidal cell, cuneiform, a discal series of six beyond it, and an indistinct one basally below the costa.

Female. Upperside dark fuscous, basally irrorated with blue. Underside as in the male.

This form differs from the var. asiatica of Elwes in having fewer discal black spots on forewing, and in the size and length of the pale cellular spot on hindwing (Faweett).

Expanse of wings, ¢ ? 1 inch. ,

Hasrrat.—Khamba Jong, Thibet, 15,000 feet elevation. Colonel Fawcett has kindly lent us his types for figuring. Elwes says, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1906, p. 485, that he believes this to be a form of his Asvatica, but there is undoubtedly a marked difference, especially in the whitish streak in the cell of the hindwing.

SECTION IV.—Larrorra.

Genitalia very near Albulina, but the dorsal hook is less heavy and more like that of Polyommatus ; the hard process of the clasp is rather long, and the serrate margin extends round an almost circular termination.

Type, orbitulus, Esper.

PLEBEIUS JALOKA. Plate 644, figs. 1, ¢, la, 9, lb, g, le, 9.

Polyommatus jaloka, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874, p. 573, pl. 66, fig. 3, ¢. Lycena jaloka, de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 86 (1890). Bingham (part), Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 349 (1907).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside purplish-blue, the base of forewing and the basal and abdominal half of hindwing covered with greenish-blue scales. Forewing with a fine black costal and outer marginal line, and a short black mark edged with grey at the end of the cell. HMindwing with a deeper black terminal line inwardly edged with a very fine white line, interrupted by black dots at the vein ends. Underside greyish- white. Forewing basally irrorated with blue scales, markings black, edged with white, a short lunular mark at the end of the cell, a discal series of six spots, commencing in the third interspace, decreasing in size upwards where it is curved inwards; three pale blackish somewhat spear-shaped marks between the discal series and the outer margin, in the first three interspaces. Hindwing with the basal third with blue scaling ; a pale

PLEBEIN. 19

brownish rather broad and even medial band deeply elbowed outwards in its middle, leaving a large white spot inside the elbow. Cilia white, black basally. Antenne black, ringed with white, the club bright bronzy-red on the underside ; head and body blackish above with blue hairs, white beneath.

Female. Upperside brown, with some dull blue basal scaling, marked like the male. Underside. orewing with the basal two-thirds sutfused with brown, sharply defined just before the discal series of spots which are disposed as in the male, as also are the paler spots before the outer margin above the hinder angle. Hindwing with the basal third densely irrorated with blue scaling, the elbowed band represented on both sides of the large white spots, meeting both above and below it.

Expanse of wings, ¢ ? 3° to 1 inch.

Hasirat.—Kashmir.

DistripuTion.—Recorded from the Rajdiangan Pass, Sursungar and Stakpila Passes, and Baitul.

PLEBEIUS ELLISI. Plate 644, figs. 2, § (one form), 2a, ¢ (another form), 2b, 2, 2c, g, 2d, 9. Polyommatus ellisi, Marshall, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1882, p. 41, pl. 4, fig. 4, g. Lycena ellisi, de Nicéville, Butt. of India, ili. p. 87 (1890). Lycena leela, de Nicéville, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1883, p. 66, pl. 1, figs. 3, ¢, 3a, 9; id. Butt. of India, iii. p. 87 (1890). Lyczna jaloka, Bingham (part), Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 349 (1907).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside pale greyish-black, with blue basal irrorations. [ore- wing with a thick lunular black spot ringed with white at the end of the cell, and a discal medial series of five white spots with black centres. Hindwing with a fine black lunule ringed with white at the end of the cell, and a white spot above it a little outwards, a discal medial row of five white spots with blackish centres, the lowest small and a little outwards. Cilia of both wings white. Underside grey, suffused with pale chocolate colour. Both wings with the spots as above, but more prominent, the upper spot on the hindwing joined to another above it, the base of this wing suffused with blue séales.

Female. Upperside greyish-black, much darker than the male, with some blue scales at the base. Both wings with similar white spots, but without black centres. Underside grey, with glistening blue scales at the base of the hindwing, which often occupy a third of the wing. vrewing with the white spots very faintly indicated, but without black centres. Hindwing with the cell spot and upper spot large and touching each other, a blackish patch on their outer side, the black colour continued in a ring round the upper spot, also indications of a discal series of white spots.

Expanse of wings, $ ¢ 1 inch. D2

20 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

Hasirat.—Himalayas, Ladak.

Distripution.—Recorded from Pangi, 12,000 feet. Sanch Pass, 14,000 feet (type). The form Jeela was taken by de Nicéville at Zogi-la, on the Ladak side, at about 11,000 feet elevation, and at Mamyka Pass, Ladak, 13,000 feet, and at Fotu-la, Ladak, about the same elevation. The species is variable, but undoubtedly both ellisi and leela are forms of one species.

SECTION V:—Cvyantris.

Genitalia agrees with Aricia in having the hard process markedly larger than the soft one, but it has a more special character in the hook of the dorsal process being folded at the bend to about 170°, ie. the base and upper part almost folded together.

Type, Semzargus, Rottenbure.

PLEBEIUS ANNULATA. Plate 644, figs. 3, ¢, 3a, 9, 3b, 9. Lyczna semiargus, var. annulata, Elwes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1906, p. 484, pl. 36, figs. 12, g, 11, 9.

Imaco.—Male. Upperside brownish-black with a slight purplish tint, with blue iridescence in certain lights leaving broad blackish margins to both wings, and also to the costa of the hindwing. Costal line of forewing and cilia of both wings pure white. Underside pale grey, spots small, black, narrowly ringed with white. Forewing with the costal line pure white, with black inner edge, the entire wing, except a small outer marginal space, suffused with pale blackish-brown, with some obscure darker streaks on the veins ; a short linear mark at the end of the cell, a discal evenly curved row of five spots. /indwing with three sub-basal spots, a discal row of six spots, evenly and deeply outwardly curved, a linear mark at the end of the cell, the inner third of the wing with blue irrorations, both wings with a sub-terminal row of brown lunular marks, rather far from the margin, the upper ones on the forewing more or less obsolescent ; marginal line black. Cilia pure white. Antenne black, ringed with white ; head and body black above, with white bands on each side of the eyes, white beneath.

Female, similar to the male, above and below, with less iridescence above.

Expanse of wings, S 2 14%; inches.

Hasirat.—Gyantze, Thibet, 13,000 feet elevation.

The types are unique ; it is a very distinct form.

ALLIED CHINESE, JAPANESE AND AFGHAN SPECIES.

Plebeius argus, Papilio argus, Linneus, Syst. Nat. x. p. 483 (1758). Habitat, Central Japan, Europe, Asia Minor, Amurland,

PLEBEINA. 21

Plebeius optilete, Papilio. optilete, Knoch, Beitr. Ins. i. p. 76, pl. 5, figs. 5, 6 (1781). Central Japan, Europe, Siberia, Amurland, Trans-Baikal.

Plebeius cleobis, Lycena cleobis, Bremer, Butt. Acad. Petr. iii. p. 472 (1861). Habitat, Central Japan, Corea, Amurland, Bureja Mountains.

Plebeius pheretes, Papilio pheretes, Hiibner, Eur. Schmett. i. p. 45 (1865). Habitat, Western China, Europe, Turkestan, Amurland, Lapland.

Plebeius micrargus, Lycena micrargus, Butler, Cist. Ent. ii. p. 283 (1873). Habitat, Tokio, Japan.

Phebeius chinensis, Lycena chinensis, Murray, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1874, p. 523, pl. 10, fig. 5; Synonym, Lycna mandschurica, Staudinger, Rom. sur Lep. vi. p. 160 (1892). Habitat, N. China.

Plebeius bracteata, Lycena bracteata, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1880, p- 407, pl. 39, fig. 4, ¢. Habitat, Kandahar.

Plebeius pseudegon, Lyczna pseudegon, Butler, Proc. Zool. Sec. 1881, p. 851. Habitat, Yesso Island, Japan.

Plebeius iburiensis, Lycena iburiensis, Butler, l.c, p. 852. Waterhouse, Aid, pl. 108 (1882). Habitat, Yesso Island, Japan.

Genus POLYOMMATUS. Polyommatus, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins, xiv. p. 116 (1805); id. Enc. Méth.ix. p, 11 (1819). Tutt, Brit. Butt. i. p. 313 (1906). Lyczna, de Nicéville (part), Butt. of India, iii. p. 66 (1890). Bingham, Fauna of Brit, India, Butt. ii. p. 334 (1907). Hirsutina, Tutt, Brit. Lep. x. p. 154 (1908). Type, damon, Schiff. Agriades, Tutt, l.c. p. 155. Type, coridon, Scop.

Eyes hairy, coloration, structure and venation much as in Lyceena and Plebeius ; differs from Plebeiws in the genitalia, in having a less heavy base to the clasp, a less slender upper portion, and its curvature is simple; the hard process of the clasp is rather shorter than in Agriades; in both there is a soft process between the two divisions of the clasp (it often swells out in preparation in a balloon-like way) ; whether we regard it as a part of the soft process of the clasp, or a development of the membrane between the two processes does not much matter, but its considerable development (it occurs elsewhere) is characteristic of these two genera. The hairy eyes of the species of this genus makes it a link between the Plebeine and Lampidine.

Type, Zcarus, Rottenburg.

POLYOMMATUS SARTOIDES, nov. Plate 645, figs. 1, g, la, 9, 1b, g. Lyczena sarta, Bingham (nec Alphéraky), Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 345 (1907). Imaco.—Male. Upperside purple-blue, with some darker blue scaling at the base.

Forewing with the costal line finely black, terminal line black, with indications of suffused sub-terminal blackish spots. Hindwing with the costa broadly suffused with

22 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

blackish; the terminal line black with large sub-terminal almost square black spots edged with grey in the interspaces, the two near the anal angle small and geminate. Cilia white with a black basal band. Underside dark chocolate-grey, markings black, broadly surrounded with white, spots all large. orewing with a short lunular mark at the end of the cell, a row of five discal spots, curved inwards at its upper end, the third from the top oblique, a series of sub-terminal short lunular spots, the white surroundings joined together forming a narrow white sub-terminal band, and between it and the discal series is a row of almost square dark brown spots, almost filling up the space between. //indwing with a somewhat spear-shaped, large white spot at the end of the cell, another in the middle of the disc between the discal and sub-terminal series, four sub-basal spots in a line, a discal series of eight spots, bent outwards above its middle, the lowest two spots geminate, a sub-terminal series of black spots broadly capped with orange, edged on its inner side by black lunules, the two lowest spots and the two lowest Junules geminate ; marginal line of both wings black, slightly crenulate. Cilia grey with brown lines across it, opposite the vein ends. Antennz black, ringed with white, with some white marks on the club ; head and body blackish above with blue pubescence, white beneath.

Female. Upperside brown, with a chocolate bronzy tinge. Forewing with the costal line black, and a narrow black marginal band, containing a series of black triancular spots, the discal portion of the wing generally the palest. Hindwing, darker brown, black marginal line, and sub-terminal black spots as in the male, both wings with a transverse series of unusually large spear-shaped orange spots, the outer ends touching the black spots, darker and more prominent on the hindwing. Cilia not quite as in the male, the black basal band on it being interrupted in places. Under- side as in the male.

Expanse of wings, f ? 1445 inches.

Hasirar. — Chitral.

A fine series in the B. M. taken by Leslie and Evans (Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soe. 1908, vol. xiv. p. 672), who naturally were unable to identify it; it no doubt belongs to the Sarta group, but is a very distinctive local form.

POLYOMMATUS PSEUDEROS. Plate 645, figs. 2, g, 2a, 9, 2b, 6. Polyommatus pseuderos, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1879, p. 138.

Lycxna pseuderos, de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 77 (1890).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside purple-blue with beautiful blue reflections. Torewing with a black costal lineand black terminal line, with some slight blackish suffusion on

PLEBEINE. 23

its inner side and short blackish streaks running in on the veins. //indwing with the costa somewhat narrowly blackish, terminal line black, a series of sub-terminal blackish spots with a very fine white line between them. Cilia white, with a basal black band. Underside grey, with a pinkish tint, spots black, narrowly ringed with white. Porewing with a few blue scales at the base, a spot inside the cell, another below it, a lunule at the end ; a discal row of seven spots, the two lowest geminate, the row curving evenly outwards above its middle and curving inwards below it. Hindwing with blue scales on the basal and abdominal portions, four sub-basal spots in a line, the lowest close to the lowest geminate spots of the discal series, which consists of eight spots, the upper three in a line outwards, the remainder nearly in a line inwards, both wings with a terminal brown line, sub-terminal white spots with brown centres, capped with orange, the orange limited by brown lunules inwardly edged with white triangular marks, the middle ones of the hindwing expanding into a whitish streak inwards. Cilia whitish, with grey markings opposite the vein ends. Antenne black, ringed with white ; head and body blackish above, covered with blue hairs; a white band on each side of the eyes, whitish beneath.

Female. Upperside blackish-brown, with blue reflections, varying much in extent in different specimens. Forewing with a black mark at the end of the cell; black terminal line, three or four sub-terminal orange lunular marks above the hinder angle. findwing with a black terminal line, a regular series of orange lunular spots, decreasing in size upwards, each orange spot with a black spot at its outer end, and a black lunule at its inner end, a very fine white line between the spots and the terminal line. Cilia white with a brown basal band. Underside as in the male, the spots and markings larger and more prominent.

Expanse of wings, S ? 13%; inches.

Haprrat.—Kashmivr.

DistriBuTion.—The type came from the Sind Valley, Kashmir; it is in the B. M. from Mandi, Kulu, and Bhagi, 9000-10,000 feet.

POLYOMMATUS DRASULA, nov. Plate 645, figs. 3, g, 3a, 9, 3b, g.

Imaco.—Male. Upperside cyaneous-blue with brilliant reflections, veins pro- minent. orewing with the costal line white with black inner edging before the apex, outer-marginal line rather broadly blackish, inwardly diffuse and shortly running in on the veins. Hindwing with the costal space narrowly blackish, terminal line black, narrowly diffused with blackish inwards with:a series of indistinct sub-terminal blackish spots. Cilia white, with grey marks opposite the vein ends. Underside grey with a pink tint; spots black, ringed with white. Forewing with a lunule at the end of the cell,

24 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

a discal series of seven spots, the two lowest geminate, the row evenly curved outwards above its middle, some blue scaling at the base. Hindwing with the basal portions irrorated with blue scales, four sub-basal spots in a line, a fine Junular line in a small white patch at the end of the cell, a discal outwardly well curved row ef seven spots, the lowest lunular ; both wings with brown terminal line, a sub-terminal series of spear-shaped white marks, each with a grey spot in it; the middle spots of the hindwing expanding into a white streak inwards, its inner point joining the discoidal patch. Antenne: black, ringed with white ; head and body blackish, with blue hairs.

Female. Upperside brown, costal line of forewing white, marginal line of both wings blackish, a few indistinct blackish sub-terminal spots on the hindwing. Under- side darker than the male, markings similar.

Expanse of wings, ¢ ? 1 to 175 inches.

Hasirat.—Kardong Pass, 17,000 feet elevation (types); it is in the B. M. also from the Chongching Valley, Ladak and Kashmir.

POLYOMMATUS STOLICZKANA. Plate 645, figs. 4, ¢, 4a, 2, 4b, g, 4c, 9.

Lyczena stoliczkana, Felder, Reise, Nov. Lep. ii. p. 283, pl. 35, figs. 10, 11, ¢ (1865). de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 73 (1890). Bingham (part), Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 341 (1907).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside rather pale violet-blue. Forewing with dark blue iridescent scales at the base and along two-thirds of the hinder marginal space. Hind- wing with the basal and abdominal portions with similar iridescent scales; both wings with brown marginal line. *, Cilia white witha basal brown band. Underside pale violet- grey, all the veins more or less prominent, marginal line brown. Forewing with a black thin linear mark at the end of the cell, on a round white spot; some bright iridescent blue scales at the base, outer part of the wing palest, the interspaces being somewhat whitish. //indwing with the basal and abdominal portions broadly irrorated with blue iridescent scales, a large pale whitish spot or round patch at the end of the cell, with the whitish colour continued in the interspace above vein 4 down to the outer margin, which contains a series of rather broad whitish streaks in all the inter- spaces, each streak containing a fine line of the ground colour ; with the exception of the mark at the end of the cell of the forewing there are no other marks or spots on either wing. Cilia pure white without the basal band.

Female. Upperside violet-brown with some basal blue scales on the forewing and on both basal and abdominal portions of the hindwing, a few markings on the outer margin of the latter, like nearly obsolete pale spots. Underside coloured like the male.

PLEBEINAL. 25

Forewing with the black spot at the end of the cell larger, and on the outer margin a series of pale white spots, with small lunular grey marks inside them; blue iridescent scales on both wings as in the male. Hindwing with the white cell patch and the streak to the sub-terminal series broader, commencing with a point below the cell patch and widening outwards, a series of rather large white terminal spots with brownish spots inside them, capped with orange, the orange marks with what looks like a series of brownish lunules on their inner. sides, but the specimen is somewhat faded and all the marginal markings of the hindwing are very indistinct; no other spots or markings on either wing. Antenne black, ringed with white ; head and body blackish-brown above, white beneath.

Expanse of wings, $ ? 14% inches.

Hasrrat.—Ladak.

The above description and figures are taken from Felder’s types from the Tring Museum ; they are in fairly good condition, though apparently somewhat faded ; de Nicéville suggested that they were dwarfed examples of Ariana, Moore, and Bingham sank Ariana to Stoliezkana, but they had evidently never seen Felder’s types, which have no resemblance to Moore’s species. There are two examples of Stoliczkana in the B. M. which have some of the usual discal spots on the underside more or less visible.

POLYOMMATUS DEVANICA. Plate 646, figs. 1, ¢, la, 9, 1b, g. Polyommatus devanica, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874, p. 573, pl. 66, fig. 4, ¢. Lyczna devanica, de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 71 (1890). Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 344 (1907).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside dusky purplish-brown with blue scaling on the basal portions, sometimes covering the greater portion of the wings, but the amount is very irregular and varying; a black lunular mark at the end of the cell in both wings and black terminal line. Underside dark brownish-grey, or greyish-brown ; much darker than usual, the spots black, large and prominent, and broadly ringed with white. Forewing with one at the end of the cell, a discal series of five (sometimes six) spots, the upper one inwards, the third, fourth and fifth from the top rather oblique ; just outside this series is a row of brown lunular marks, a sub-terminal row of smaller brown marks, all more or less ringed with whitish, and a brown marginal line. Lindwing with four sub-basal spots almost in a line, a spot at the end of the cell, a discal series of five spots almost in a line, the lower two geminate, the series completed to seven by a spot near the middle of the costa and another outwardly below it; marginal line brown, a series of sub-marginal brown spots, the lower two small and geminate, each capped with pale orange and edged outwardly by a white line, the orange edged

VOL. VIII. E

26 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

inwardly by brown lunules, the latter again inwardly edged by white lunules, these white lunules expanding into a white patch in the middle of the disc.

Female. Upperside uniformly dark brown with a few blue-grey basal scales, very neatly resembling the male, cell marks and marginal line black. Underside slightly darker, markings as in the male. Cilia white with brown spots opposite the extremity of the veins. Antenne black, ringed with white; head and body blackish above, with a little blue pubescence, white beneath.

Expanse of wings, ¢ ? 144; inches.

Hasrrat.—Ladak, Kashmir.

DisTRIBUTION.—It is in the B, M. from Dras, Gorais Valley, as well as the type from Ladak ; in our collection from Ladak.

POLYOMMATUS ARIANA.

Plate 646, figs. 2, $, 2a, 2, 2b, ¢ (Wet-season Brood), 2c, g, 2d, 9, 2e, g, 2f, 9 (Dry-season Brood=arene, Fawcett). Polyommatus ariana, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 504, pl. 31, fig. 2, ¢; and 1874, p. 271; id. Sci. Res. Second Yarkand Miss. Lep. p. 6 (1879). Lyczena ariana, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1882, p. 246. Doherty, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1886, p- 133. de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 72 (1890). Mackinnon and de Nicéville, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1898, p. 379. Leslie and Evans, id. 1903, p. 672. Cupido ariana, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1886, p. 368; id. Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist. 1888, p. 149. Lyczena sutleja, Moore, Proc, Zool. Soc. 1882, p. 246.

Lycena stoliczkana, Bingham (part), Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 341, pl. 19, fig. 130, g (1907). Lyczena arene, Fawcett, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, p. 137, pl. 9, fig. 4.

Wet-season Brood (Figs. 2, 3, 2a, ?, 2b, 2).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside purplish-blue. orewing with a blackish costal line, and rather broad marginal blackish border, and inside this border is a series of very indistinct, pale bluish short marks in the interspaces ; an indistinct small blackish spot at the upper end of the cell. Hindwing with the costa rather broadly suffused with pale blackish, and a marginal, inwardly suffused blackish band, broader than the marginal band of the forewing; some dull blue scales on the basal portions of both wings, marginal line black. Underside rather dark brownish-grey with basal blue irrorations ; markings black, ringed with white. orewing with a spot inside the cell, another sometimes below it, neither always present, a slender short lunular mark at the end, a series of seven discal spots, curved inwards above, the lowest two small and geminate, a grey terminal line, and short greyish linear sub-terminal marks. Hindwing a little darker, three sub-basal spots, the lowest more or less obsolete, a very slender pale

PLEBEINA. 27

lunular line in a triangular white patch at the end of the cell, a discal series of eight spots, the lowest two minute and geminate, the upper three in an outward line, the remainder angled inwards in an inwardly curved series, terminal line grey, sub-terminal white spots with grey centres, the middle ones expanding inwards in a white streak, the series of white spots with brown thin lunules on their inner sides capped with minute slender brown lunular marks. Cilia white. Antennee black, ringed with white ; head and body blackish above with purplish pubescence, white beneath.

Female. Upperside brown, generally without any markings, but in some examples there are some sub-terminal orange spots on the lower portion of both wings. Under- side darker than in the male, the markings similar.

Expanse of wings, S ? 1345 inches.

Dry-season Brood (Figs. 2c, g, 2d, ?, 2e, ¢, 2f, 2).

Male. Upperside brilliant grey-blue, with some darker blue irrorations at the base. orewing with the costal line very finely black, marginal line of both wings black, with some short slender black lines running in on the veins. HHindwing with the costal space slightly suffused with pale blackish. Cilia white. Underside very much paler than in the other form, the blue scales at the base, and especially in the abdominal portion of the hindwing, more extensive and brighter, markings similar, the outer area of both wings often nearly white.

Female like the same sex of the Wet-season form, but the sub-terminal orange spots on both wings on the upperside are always present and prominent; the series is, however, seldom complete, especially on the forewing; on the underside the spots are usually smaller and more round, and the size is very variable.

Expanse of wings, f 1345 to 15°5, 2 14% to 1,4 inches.

Hasirat.—W. Himalayas.

DistripuTion.— Recorded by Mackinnon and de Nicéville from Mussuri, by Leslie ’ and Evans from Chitral, by Doherty from Naini Tal (4,000 to 8,000 feet), by Moore from Kashmir, by de Nicéville from Kunawar, Mataran, Dras Valley (11,000 feet), Leh ; in the B. M. also from Thundiani, and in our collection also from Kulu and the Gorais Valley ; the type of arene came from Khamba Jong, Thibet (15,000 feet elevation).

‘Note.—Colonel Fawcett has very kindly lent us his type of arene for figuring (2c and 2e); it is a very good example of the Dry-season form of ariana; we possess some identical with it from Kashmir.

POLYOMMATUS DRUNELA, nov. Plate 646, figs. 3, ¢, 3a, 2, 3b, @. Imaco.—Male. Upperside shining opalescent blue, some brilliant blue-green scales at the base and along the hinder margin of the forewing, and covering the whole of the

nH 2

28 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

hindwing except the narrow marginal portions; costal line of forewing, and outer marginal line of both wings black. Cilia brownish at the base, its outer portion white, tipped with grey. Underside dark chocolate-grey, some green scaling in the basal portion of the hindwing ; spots deep black, ringed with white. orewing with a thick lunular spot at the end of the cell, an evenly, outwardly curved, discal series of six round spots, the lowest in the first median interspace. Hindwing with three sub-basal spots in a row, the lower two rather close together; an evenly outwardly curved discal series of seven round spots, the lowest geminate, a white streak between the fourth and fifth spots, running into a small white patch at the end of the cell; which contains a very fine lunular line ; both wings with a terminal fine black line, sub-terminal black spots, outwardly edged with white, and inwardly with orange, capped with black lunules. Cilia pure white.

Female. Upperside dark chocolate-brown, black lunular spot at the end of the cell of the forewing, and both wings with sub-terminal black spots capped with orange, four on the lower part of the forewing and five on the hindwing. Underside much darker than in the male, markings similar but larger, and brighter coloured, and in addition on the forewing there is a spot inside the cell and another below it, the latter in the left wing being geminate.

Expanse of wings, $ $ 1 inch.

Haprrat.—Peshawar, types in Mus. Druce.

The underside in both sexes is much like the underside -of Plebeius astrarche, Bergstriisser.

POLYOMMATUS BILUCHA. Plate 647, figs. 1, g, la, 2, 1b, ¢. Lycena bilucha, Moore, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1884, p. 24. Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1885, p. 340. de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 76 (1890). Lycena balucha, Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. 1. p. 340 (1907).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside shining opalescent purplish-blue, base of both wings and abdominal area of hindwing with iridescent dark blue scales ; costal line of fore- wing and marginal line of both wings black. Cilia white with a grey basal line. Underside grey, markings black edged with white. J orewing with a spot inside the cell and another below it, a short lunular mark at the end, a discal row of six spots, elbowed outwards in the 6th interspace. Hindwing with three sub-basal spots, and a deeply curved discal row of seven spots, the upper one just below the middle of the costa the largest, both wiags with some blue scales at the base, a marginal fine brown line, a sub-terminal series of spots, brown on forewing, black on the hindwing, followed by a series of orange spots inwardly edged by blackish lunules. Antennz black, ringed with white ; head and body blackish above with blue hairs, whitish beneath.

PLEBEIN. 29

Female. Upperside brown with some blue scaling at the base, a slender marginal black line to both wings ; a black spot at the end of the cell of forewing and sometimes a sub-marginal series of orange spots, generally obsolete. Hindwing with a terminal series of black indistinct spots, with pale surroundings, nearly obsolete, sometimes bnt not often with orange markings ; in most examples all but the terminal series of black indistinct spots of the hindwing are wanting. Underside as in the male, but the ground colour is darker and the markings on the hindwing generally smaller.

Expanse of wings, f ? 13°5 inches.

Hasirat.—Beluchistan.

DisrriputTion.—The type is in the Indian Museum, Calcutta; de Nicéville records it from Quetta, and we have both sexes from Shurog, Quetta and Chaman.

POLYOMMATUS FUGITIVA. Plate 647, figs. 2, ¢, 2a, 9, 2b, g, 2c, 2 (Wet-season Brood), 2d, g, 2e, 9 (Dry-season Brood).

Lycena fugitiva, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 606; id. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1882, p. 207. Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1885, p. 340. de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 74 (1890).

Lyczna persica, Butler (nec Bienert), Proc. Zool. Soc. 1880, p. 407 ; id. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1882, p- 207. Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1885, p. 340. de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 74 (1890). Leslie and Evans, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1903, p. 672.

Lycena icarus, Bingham (part), Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 339 (1907).

Wet-season Brood (Figs. 2, 3, 2a, 2, 2b, f, 2c, 2).

Imaco.—Male. A local form of P. icarus. Upperside bright lilacine blue, with some darker blue scaling at the base of both wings and on the abdominal portion of the hindwing, a fine black costal line to forewing and on the outer margin of both wings. Underside grey with bright blue scales at the base of both wings and on the abdominal portion of the hindwing, markings black with white edges. vrewing with a spot in the cell and another below it, a lunule at the end and a discal row of seven spots, the lowest two small, pale and geminate; the row is evenly curved outwards above the middle and ‘inwards below it. Hindwing with three sub-basal spots, a pale thin lunular line at the end of the cell and a discal row of eight very small spots, the lowest two geminate, the row elbowed outwards in the fifth interspace ; the spots all of a size; both wings with brown terminal line, and sub-terminal spots followed by very pale and obscure orange spots (seldom visible) edged on their inner sides by blackish lunules. Cilia white, grey at its base. Antennze black, ringed with white; head and body blackish above with blue hairs, white beneath.

Female. Upperside brown, with some blue scaling at the base of both wings. Forewing with two or three sub-marginal orange spots below the middle and indications

30 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

of paler-spots upwards, but generally these spots are absent. Hindwing with some very indistinct blackish sub-terminal marks. Underside dark brownish-grey, markings as in the male, but the orange spots near the outer margin of the hindwings, though pale, are distinctly visible.

Expanse of wings, ¢ 2 14% inches.

Dry-season Brood (Figs. 2d, 2, 2e, 2).

Male and Female do not differ from the other form, except in their smallness of size and paler colour, and with all the markings on the underside very minute, and the orange sub-terminal spots on both wings of the female above are often complete.

Expanse of wings, ¢ ? 1 inch.

Haspirat.—Beloochistan, Kandahar.

DistRIBuTIon.—The types came from Quetta, in North Baleockiceee there are many examples in our collection taken at Kandahar, Chaman and Quetta, anid we have received it from Gwal, Sheerog, Karian and the Lora Valley; it is no doubt a local form of P. icarus, Rottenbure.

POLYOMMATUS CHITRALENSIS, nov. Plate 647, figs. 3, g, 3a, 9, 3b, ¢.

Imaco.—Male. A local form of P. icarus. Upperside dark lavender-blue. Forewing with a slender black costal line, both wings with black terminal line. Cilia white, with a brown basal band. Underside dark grey, spots black ringed with white, much larger and more prominent than in P. fugitiva or P. yarkundensis, markings similarly disposed, but there are eight spots in the discal row on the hindwing, the lowest two being twin spots ; in some examples the sub-marginal orange spots of the hindwing are very prominent.

Female. Upperside dark brown with a pinkish-ochreous tint. orewing in some examples without any markings, in others there are three or four pale orange sub- terminal spots above the hinder angle. /Hindwing with a more or less complete series of sub-terminal black spots marked with blue on the outer side and with orange capped with dark brown lunules on the inner side, prominent in some examples, more or less obsolescent in others. Underside darker than in the male and more pinkish tinged, all the spots and also the sub-terminal orange spots on both wings large and prominent.

Expanse of wings, ? 2 1445 inches.

Hasirat.—Chitral, Sane se and four females in the B. M. The tint of the blue colour of the upperside in the males is different to the other forms of P. icarus,

PLEBEINA. 31

POLYOMMATUS YARKUNDENSIS.

Plate 64$, figs. 1, ¢, la, 9, 1b, ¢, 1c, ¢ (Wet-season Brood), 1d, ¢, le, ? (Dry-season Brood).

Polyommatus yarkundensis, Moore, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 229 ; id. Sci. Res. Second Yarkand Miss. Lep. p. 6, pl. 1, fig. 8 (1879).

Lycena yarkundensis, de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 75 (1890).

Polyommatus kashgharensis, Moore, Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 230; id. Sci, Res. Second Yarkand Miss. Lep. p. 5, pl. i. fig. 7, g (1879).

Lyczna kashgharensis, de Nicéville, 1.c.

Lycena icarus, Bingham (part), Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 339 (1907).

Wet-season Brood = yarkundensis (Figs. 1,-3, 1a, 2, 1b, 2, le 2).

Imaco.—Male. A local form of P. zcarus. Upperside of a beautiful lilacine-blue with a rich satiny lustre, terminal line black. Cilia white with a brownish basal band, some darker blue scaling at the base of both wings. Underside grey with blue-green scaling at the base of both wings and along the abdominal portion of the hindwing ; spots black, ringed with white. J vrewing with a spot in the middle of the cell, a lunule at the end, and a discal series of seven spots, the lowest two small and geminate ; the series even, and well curved outwards above its middle. Hindwing with a pale brown lunular mark at the end of the cell, four sub-basal spots in a line, a well curved discal series of six spots; both wings with terminal brown line, sub-terminal brown lunules, and between them a series of small pale brown spots surrounded with whitish, those on the forewing more or less obsolescent. Antenne black, ringed with white ; head and body blackish above, covered with blue hairs, white beneath.

Female. Upperside dark brown with a purplish tint, some blue scaling at the base, and sub-terminal series of four or five orange spots above the lower angles of both wings, those on the hindwing capped with obscure black lunules, and having black spots in them which are edged on the terminal side with white. Cilia white with blackish basal band. Underside dark grey with a pinkish-ochreous tint, with some basal blue scales, spots arranged as in the male, but in the forewing there is an extra spot immediately below the spot in the centre of the cell ; the sub-terminal markings on both wings are very prominent and contain a series of orange spots below the sub- terminal lunules.

Expanse of wings, f 1445 to 14%, $ 1435 to 145 inches.

Dry-season Brood = kashgarensis (Figs. 1d, 3, le, ?).

Male, Upperside similar to the Wet-season form, but the colour brighter with a slight lavender tint, the costal space of the hindwing suffused with blackish. Under-

32 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

side with the markings disposed as in the other form, but smaller, and on the hindwing the basal blue irrorations are less, and the sub-terminal lunules are attached to pale orange spots.

Female. Upperside blue, of a paler and duller colour than the male. vrewing with a rather broad blackish terminal band containing a. series of sub-terminal orange spots which decrease in size upwards, and become obsolete above the middle. Ilindwing with the costa broadly suffused with blackish, terminal line black, and a sub-terminal series of five orange spots, inwardly edged with slender black lunules. Underside darker than in the male, markings similarly disposed, both wings with the sub-terminal series of black lunules inwardly edged with white, and the space between them and the black spots near the margin filled in with prominent orange spots.

Expanse of wings, f 17/5, 2 1,15 to 1;4inches.

Hasirat.—Kashgar, Yarkand.

Three males and four females of the Wet-season form, and five males and three females of the Dry-season form in the B. M.

The type (a female) is in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, a co-type (also a female) is in the B. M., it is much worn and broken, but there can be no doubt it is a female of the Wet-season brood of this local form of icarus.

Genus AZANUS.

Azanus, Moore, Lep. Ceylon, i. p. 79 (1881). de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 122 (1850). Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 361 (1907).

Eyes hairy. Forewing with the cell half as long as the wing; vein 11 emitted at one-third before the end of cell, strongly bent upwards and anastomosing with 12 for a short distance, then free; 10 free, 9 out of 7; 8 absent; 7 emitted a little before upper end of cell, 6 from the upper end, 4 from the lower end, 3 from well before the end ; costa arched, apex sub-acute, outer margin rounded, hinder angle obtuse, hinder margin straight. Hindwing with vein 3 emitted before the lower end of the cell. Costa rounded, apex broadly so, outer margin convex, anal angle angular, abdominal margin strongly convex in the middle, concave just before the angle. It differs, however, from the other Plebeids in vein 11 anastomosing with 12 for a short distance, whereas in true Plebeids vein 12 is bent towards 11, but does not touch it. Genitalia almost if not absolutely congeneric with Euchrysops, and is not strictly Plebeid.

Type, Ubaldus, Cramer.

PLEBEIN £. 33

AZANUS UBALDUS. Plate 648, figs. 2, $, 2a, 9, 2b, ¢.

Papilio ubaldus, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. p. 209, pl. 390, figs. L, M (1782). Herbst. Pap. pl. 312, figs. 3, 4, § (1804).

Polyommatus ubaldus, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 682 (1823).

Azanus ubaldus, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1882, p. 245. Butler, id. 1886, p. 366. Doherty, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1886, p. 130. Hampson, id. 1888, p. 357. de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 123. Mackinnon and de Nicéville, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1898, p. 380. Nurse, id. 1899, p. 512, de Rhé-Philipe, id. 1902, p. 488. Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 362, pl. 19, fig. 138 (1907).

Catochrysops ubaldus, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1883, p. 149.

Lyczna zena, Moore, Proce. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 505, pl. 31, fig. 9, 9.

Azanus zena, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1884, p. 483, and 1885, p. 763, and 1886, p. 365. Swinhoe, id. 1884, p. 507, and 1885, p. 134, and 1886, p. 428.

Imaco.—Male. Upperside bluish-purple, with a slight shade of brown in the middle of the wings. Forewing with the outer margin edged with brownish, the cell and beyond it in the disc covered with hair-like specialized scales. HHindwing also with brown marginal edgings, two black sub-terminal spots in interspaces 1 and 2, the latter the larger and more prominent ; both wings with white cilia, black at its base. Underside pale grey. vrewing with the markings pale brown, edged with white ; a streak from the base to the middle of the wing near the costa; a bar at the end of the cell, a black sub-costal spot above it, another similar spot a little further forward, an upper discal bar from the costa to the middle of the wing, short bar below it on the inner side, a sub-terminal broken line, a terminal line, and some short linear marks between them. Hindwing with three sub-basal black spots in a line, the lower two rather close together, a sub-costal black spot near the apex, two sub-terminal similar spots near the anal angle, all large and prominent and edged with white, all the other markings brown, also edged with white, a line at the end of the cell, a discal broken band of three linear marks, terminal brown line, sub-terminal sinuous line and some more or less angulated spots between them.

Female. Upperside blue, more or less suffused with brown, with purplish-bluc suffusion, and terminal black line; a sub-terminal series of brown spots ringed with white, one near the anal angle large and prominent, sometimes with two; capped often with very pale orange ; all the other spots capped with white and with another row of whitish lunules; these sub-terminal marks varying much in different specimens. Antenne black, ringed with white, apex of club also white ; head and body dark brown above with blue pubescence, white beneath.

Expanse of wings, S ? 3% to 1 inch.

Hasirat.—India, Ceylon.

VOL. VIII. EF

34 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA,

DistrrpuTion.—The type came from the Coromandel Coast. Doherty recorded it from Kumaun, Ranibagh and the Kali Valley, Mackinnon and de Nicéville from Mussuri, de Rhé-Philipe from Lucknow, Nurse from Kutch, Hampson from the Nilgiris ; we took it at Poona, Karachi, Mhow, Ahmednugger and Aden; it is never very common, but is generally distributed throughout India, and both de Nicéville and Bingham record it from Ceylon.

AZANUS URANUS. Plate 648, figs. 3, g, 3a, g.

Azanus uranus, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 366, pl. 35, fig. 1, g; id. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1888, p. 146. de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 124 (1890). Nurse, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1899, p. 512. de Rhé-Philipe, id. 1902, p 488. Leslie and Evans, id. 1903, p. 674. Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt.ii. p. 363 (1907).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside coloured like A. ubaldus, but paler; terminal line black, no brown edgings ; the two blackish spots near the anal angle of the hindwing obsolescent. Underside grey, darker than in ubaldus, markings similarly disposed, but very obscure, and the black sub-costal and sub-basal spots on the hindwing very small, and the discal series somewhat differently disposed, being composed of short lunules joimed together and broken at its upper end.

Female. Upperside much paler than in ulaldus, the blue basal suffusion more extensive. Underside like the male in colour, the markings very ill-defined, the sub- basal spots on the hindwing obsolescent, sometimes absent, the outer sub-costal spot present, the two sub-terminal spots near the anal angle large. Cilia, antenne, head and body as in ubaldus.

Expanse of wings, 2 1 inch.

Hasirat.—India. ©

DistTRIBUTION.—We took it in Beluchistan, Karachi, Poona and Mhow, Irvine in Malda, Yerbury in Campbellpur and Chitta Pahar, Punjab; Leslie and Evans record it from Chitral, de Rhé-Philipe from Lucknow, Nurse from Kutch.

AZANUS GAMRA. Plate 648, figs. 4, g, 4a, 9, 4b, g.

Lyczna gamra, Lederer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien. y. p. 189, pl. i. fig. 3, ¢ (1855).

Azanus gamra, Doherty, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1886, p. 132. de Nicévyille, Butt. of India, iii. p. 125, pl. 26, fig. 176, g (1890). Watson, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1890, p. 34, and 1891, p. 44.

Azanus crameri, Moore, Lep. Ceylon, i. p. 80, pl. 36, fig. 1 (1881). Hampson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1888, p. 357.

Azarus jesous, Bingham (part), Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 363 (1907).

PLEBEIN 4. 35

Imaco.—Male. Upperside greyish-blue, both wings with black outer marginal line, with a little narrow, blackish suffusion inside it. Cilia white, with a black basal band. Underside grey, with a slight pinkish suffusion, markings brown, edged with white. Horewing with a streak from the base, which is blackish basally, a black spot inside the cell, a thick lunular mark at the end, and another between it and the black cell spot, beyond the cell are three bars from the costa, the middle one the thinnest, the first and second descend to vein 2, the third to vein 3, the first expands a little on vein 2, below these bars are two short oblique streaks. Terminal line black, sub- terminal line brown, composed of lunular marks joined together, and between them a series of spots, the lower one lunular. Hindwing with a black spot near the base, joined to the base by a thick black streak, four sub-basal spots in a line, the two upper ones larger than the other two, a black spot on the middle of the costa, a brown lunule at the end ofthe cell, and a discal curve of lunular marks in three pieces, with a linear mark on the white ground, in the middle beyond them ; terminal line black, a sub-terminal line of conjoined brown lunules, and between them a series of black spots, decreasing in size hindwards, except the second and third from the anal angle, which are large, all the spots edged with white.

Female. Pale grey blue, suffused more or less with brownish, the inner portion of both wings often quite pale, and the veins somewhat prominent. Forewing with a black lunule at the end of the cell, the costa and outer margins broadly brownish. Hindwing with the costa and outer margin more narrowly brown. Underside as in the male, spots more prominent.

Expanse of wings, S ? 1 inch.

Hasrrat.—India, Burma, Ceylon, Aden, Abyssinia, South Africa, Syria.

DistrisuTion.—Lederer’s type came from Syria; we took it at Poona, Mhow and Aden ; Doherty records it from Kumaun, Moore from Ceylon, Watson from Mysore and Chin Lushai, Hampson from the Nilgiris, de Nicéville from Umballa, Orissa and Madras, Bingham from Baluchistan, Oudh, the Central Provinces and Upper Burma.

ALLIED MALAYAN SPECIES.

Azanus asialis, de Nicéville, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1895, vol. x. p. 33, pl. 8, fig. 22, $. Habitat, N.E. Sumatra.

Genus ORTHOMIELLA. Orthomiella, de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 125 (1890). Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii, p. 368 (1907).

Hyes hairy. forewing, cell large, more than half the length of the wing, vein 3 from before lower end of cell, 4 from the end, 5 from junction of lower and middle

F 2

36 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

discocellulars, 6 from upper end of cell, 7 from before upper end, 8 absent, 9 from apical half of 7, 10 free, 11 and 12 anastomosed for a part of their length, 12 ends before end of cell. Hindwing with the cell about half the length of the wing, vein 3 from a little before lower end of cell, 8 strongly arched, then straight to apex, running very close to the costal margin. Costa slightly concave, apex obtuse, outer margin slightly sinuous, hinder angle somewhat rounded. Antenne about half as long as the costa of forewing, club stout, abrupt, spatulate ; palpi sub-porrect, with a bristly fringe of hairs in front, third joint acicular, body moderately stout, its genitalia is Plebeid, and in its hairy eyes, anastomising of veins 11 and 12 and in its general characters it is closely allied to Azanus. Type, pontis, Elwes.

ORTHOMIELLA PONTIS. Plate 648, fies. 5, ¢, 5a, 9, 5b, g. Chilades (?) pontis, Elwes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1887, p. 446; id. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1883, p. 384, pl. 8, fig. 5, ¢. Orthomiella pontis, de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 126, pl. 26, fig. 177, g (1890). Watson, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1897, p. 660. Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 369, pl. 19, fig. 139. (1907).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside deep purplish-brown, with a lilacine tint in certain lights, terminal line of both wings blackish. Cilia brown alternated with white. Underside grey with a pinkish tinge. orewing, a brown bar across the middle of the cell, and another across the end, a discal series of conjoined brown bats, three in a row, from near the costa to vein 4, the fourth a little inwards, the fifth and sixth hindwards from the inner side of the fourth ; the base of the wing irrorated with black scales; all the bars edged with fine whitish lines. Mindwing with the base and lower half of cell densely irrorated with black scales, with small patches of paler scales, bands brown as on the forewing, but not edged with whitish, a sub-basal band of bars commencing with a large spot near the costa, the rest of the band more or less obliterated by the black scaling; a bar at the end of the cell, and a discal irreeular band of conjoined bars outwardly curved, its lower portion obliterated by the black scaling, both wines with a pale terminal line and a sub-terminal series of angular brown spots, one in each inter- space. Antenne dark brown, speckled with white; head and body purplish-brown above, blackish-brown beneath.

Female. Upperside dark brown, the inner portion of the forewing purplish-blue, with a bright blue sheen in certain lights; the blue colour much more extensive on the hindwing. Underside like the male, but the markings are more pronounced, and the basal black irrorations less extensive.

Expanse of wings, ¢ , 1415 inches.

Haprrat.—sikkim, 6,000 feet, North Chin Hills, Upper Burma.

PLEBEINZ. 37

ALLIED CHINESE SPECIES.

Orthomiella sinensis, Chilades (7) sinenses, Elwes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1887, p. 446. Leech, Butt. of China, ete. ii. p. 339, pl. 31, fig. 19, 9 (1893). Habitat, Chang Yang.

Genus EDALES, nov. Catochrysops, Moore (part), Lep. Ceylon, i. p. 90, 1881. Distant, Rhop. Malayana, p. 223 (1884). de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 175 (1890). Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 410, (1907).

Eyes naked. Forewing, cell half as long as the wing, vein 7 from well before upper end of cell, 8 absent, 9 from middle of 7, 11 free from 12. Wing comparatively short, costa arched, apex moderately acute, outer margin convex, hinder angle obtuse, hinder margin straight. Hindwing, cell short, less than half the length of the wing ; vein 3 emitted a little before lower end of cell, 7 a little before the upper end ; costa slightly arched, apex and outer margin rounded, hinder angle well marked, hinder margin slightly convex, a filamentous tail ; genitalia distinctly Plebeid.

Type, pandava, Horsfield.

EDALES PANDAVA.

Plate 649, figs. 1, ¢, la, 9, 1b, 9 (Wet-season Brood), lc, g, 1d, 9 (Dry-season Brood), le (larva and pupa).

Lyczna pandava, Horsfield, Cat. Lep. E.I.C. p. 84 (1829).

Catochrysops pandava, Moore, Lep. Ceylon, i. p. 92, pl. 37, figs. 1, g, la, 9, 1b, larva and pupa (1881). Distant, Rhop. Malayana, p. 225, pl. 21, fig. 17, g (1884). de Nicéville, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1885, p. 47; id. Butt. of India, iii. p. 183, pl. 27, fig. 187, 9 (Wet-season Form), p. 184, pl. 27, fig. 188, 9 (Dry-season Form) (1890) ; id. Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1890, p. 386. Elwes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892, p. 627. Watson, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1891, p. 46. Betham, id. p. 179. Watson, id. 1897, p. 661. Mackinnon and de Nicéville, id. 1898, p. 381. de Rhé-Philipe, id. 1902, p. 488. Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 413 (1907).

Catochrysops nicola, Swinhoe, Proce. Zool. Soe. 1885, p. 132.

Catochrysops bengalia, de Nicéville, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1885, p. 47.

Wet-season Brood (Figs. 1, 3, 1a, ?, 1b, ?).

Imaco.— Male. Upperside lavender-blue, costal line of forewing and outer marginal line of both wings black. Hindwing with a sub-terminal series of black spots with a thin white line between them, and the terminal black line, the spot at the end of interspace 2 large, inwardly crowned more or less broadly with pale ochreous-yellow ; tails black with white tips. Underside brownish-grey ; markings of the ground colour

38 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

formed by their white edges. Jorewing with a spot at the end of the cell, a discal row of six spots, the second from the lower end sometimes, but not always, a little inwards, the uppermost spot always so; a sub-terminal double row of short linear marks joined together, the inner row the heavier. Hindwing with four sub-basal black spots edged with white, decreasing in size hindwards, the lowest placed a little inwards on the abdominal margin, in some examples the lowest two spots are more or less obsolete, a mark at the end of the cell, a discal whorl of spots, the second and third from the upper end placed a little outside the others; a sub-terminal double row of conjoined lunular marks effaced near the anal angle by an orange patch, which forms the caps to two large black sub-anal spots, the inner one the larger, with sometimes one and sometimes two small black dots, one on each side of the spot nearest the anal angle; marginal line on both wings brown. Cilia brown, contaming a darker brown line. Antenne black ringed with white; head and body brown above with bluish hairs, beneath whitish.

Female. Upperside. orewing with broad costal and outer marginal borders, the inner portion blue like the male, but paler, marginal line black. Hindwing with the costa broadly pale blackish-brown, the outer marginal band narrowly so, some white spear-shaped marks on its inner side, the inner portion of the wing dull blue with some basal blue iridescence, a series of sub-terminal black spots capped with white inwardly and lined with white outwardly, the first and often the second also capped with orange, the second always the largest and the others decreasing in size upwards. Underside as in the male.

Expanse of wings, ¢ 2 1525 inches.

Dry-season Brood (= bengalia) (Figs. 1c, 3, 1d, 9).

Male and Female like the other form, but generally paler and often duller in colour, sub-terminal spots on the hindwing less clearly defined, and in the female the blue iridescence is more extensive; on the underside the ground colour is generally darker, the markings not so well defined on the hindwing, the discocellular and discal bands sometimes coalesce and form an ill-defined diffuse medial cloud on the wing ; but this is by no means always the case, many specimens being without it.

Expanse of wings, ¢ $ 1 to 14/5 inches.

Larva.—Onisciform greenish or violet-brown above, with a dorsal darker brown line and white spots, and a yellow lateral line (Moore). Feeds on Cycadacee (Thwaites). When full grown a little over half an inch in length, of two distinct colours, some being bright green, others of a dark reddish-purple (vinous). They are of the usual Lycznid shape; the head very small, black, shining, and hidden beneath the second segment, the third segment larger than the second, the other segments of about equal size, the anal segment flattened and rounded, divisions between the segments well marked.

PLEBEING. 39

The larva throughout is very rough, widely pitted or depressed, and covered with very minute white tubercles bearing very short fine hairs, neither the hairs nor the tubercles being visible without a lens. The body at its highest and widest. part is wider than high. It is extremely variable in markings, hardly any two being exactly alike ; there is usually a dark dorsal, sub-dorsal and lateral line dividing the upper surface of the body into three equal areas, the dorsal and two subdorsal lines coalescing on the eleventh segment, and forming a broad band to the thirteenth. In some examples the divisions between the segments are marked with darker, and there is a sub-dorsal series of oblique lines, one on each segment, between the dorsal and sub-dorsal lines. The underside of the body and legs seem to be always pale green. The erectile organs on the twelth segment very small. Feeds in Calcutta on Cycas revoluta. In Calcutta three species of ants attend this larva, which Professor Forel has identified for me: Prenolepis longicornis, Latreille, Monomorium speculare, Mayr, and Cremasto- gaster, 1. sp.

Pupa.—Violet-brown, thick, head truncate (Moore); of the usual Lycznid form, quite smooth, more or less fuscous, with a darker dorsal and sub-dorsal line, head-case somewhat square, thorax slightly humped and constricted posteriorly, spiracles pale. Though the larve swarm in April and May in Calcutta on the cultivated Cycads in gardens, eating the hardly-opened shoots or fronds, thereby utterly destroying the appearance of the plant for the year, I have never succeeded in finding the pupa on the plants, and can only conclude that the ants drive the full-grown larve down the stems of the plants into their nests, where the larve undergo their transformations (de Nicéville).

Hasirat.—-India, Ceylon, Burma and the Malay sub-region.

DistrisuTion.—Moore records it from Ceylon, Elwes from Bernardmyo, Betham from the Central Provinces, Watson from the Chin Hills and Chin Lushai, Mackinnon and de Nicéville from Mussuri, de Rhé-Philipe from Lucknow, de Nicéville from the Himalayas, Orissa, Kanara, Bangalore, Pulni Hills, Andamans, Nicobars; the type came from Java.

Norr.—The Ceylon examples are always of a paler and more brilliant blue colour than those from India.

Genus EUCHRYSOPS. Euchrysops, Butler, Soc. Ent, xxxiii. p. 1 (1900). Catochrysops, Moore (part), Lep. Ceylon, i. p. 90 (1881). Distant, Rhop. Malayana, p. 223 (1884). de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 175 (1890). Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 410 (1907).

Eyes naked. orewing, cell half the length of the wing, vein 7 from a little before upper end of cell, 8 absent, 9 from middle of 7, 10 from apical third of sub-costal

40 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

vein, 11 with its base well separated from 10, but touching vein 12 above its middle, 12 being bent towards it, wing longer than in Edales, costa less arched, outer margin less rounded. Hindwing with vein 3 from a little before lower end of cell, 7 from well before its upper end, costa slightly arched, apex and outer margin rounded; a filamentous tail. Genitalia very special, and differ much from that of Edales, more inclined to Plebeid than to any other form.

Type, enejus, Fabricius.

EUCHRYSOPS CNEJUS. Plate 649, figs. 2, ¢, 2a, 9, 2b, g (Wet-season Brood), 2c, ¢, 2d, 9 (Dry-season Brood).

Hesperia cnejus, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 430 (1798).

Polyommatus cnejus, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 657 (1823).

Lyezna enejus, Horsfield, Cat. Lep. E.I.C. p. &3 (1829). Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 773, Herrich-Schiiffer, Ex. Schmett. ii. fig. 120, 2 (1869).

Lumpides cnejus, Butler, Cat. Fabr. Lep. B. M. p. 165 (1869). Semper, Journ. Mus. Godef. xiv. p. 158 (1879).

Cupido cnejus, Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 348.

Catochrysops cnejus, Moore, Lep. Ceylon, i. p. 92 (1881). Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 605. Moore, id. 1882, p. 246. Distant, Rhop. Malayana, p. 225, pl. 21, fig. 2, g (1884), and p- 456, pl. 44, fig. 15, 9 (1886). Hampson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1888, p. 358. de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 178 (1890). Manders, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 529. Watson, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1890, p. 34. Betham, id. 1891, p. 179. Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1893, p. 297. Watson, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1897, p. 661. Mackinnon and de Nicéville, id. 1898, p. 381. de Rhé-Philipe, id. 1902, p. 488. Aitken and Comber, id. vol. xv. 1903, p. 48. Bingham (part), Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. 0. p. 415 (1907).

Euchrysops enejus, Butler, Soc. Ent. xxxiii. p. 1 (1900).

Catochrysops cneius, Doherty, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1886, p. 133.

Lycena pandia, Kollar, Hugel’s Kaschmir, iv. (2), p. 418 (1848).

Lycena patala, Kollar, l.c. p. 419.

Lampides patala, Butler, Trans. Linn Soc. Zool. Lond. 1877, p. 547.

Catochrysops patala, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1883, p. 148. Swinhoe, id. 1885, p. 131, and 1886, p. 426.

Lyczna samoa, Herrich-Schiiffer, Stett. Ent. Zeit. xxx. p. 37, pl. 4, fig. 18, 9, also p. 138 (1869).

Catochrysops theseus, Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1885, p. 131, pl. 9, fig. 8, g. de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 180 (1890),

Wet-season Brood (Figs. 2, g, 2a, $, 2b, 2).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside violet-blue. orewing with the outer marginal line black, inwardly edged with brownish, which is broadest at the apex. Sindwing with the marginal line black, two sub-terminal black spots in interspaces 1 and 2, with white outer and orange inner edges, the latter the larger. Cilia whitish, grey at its base ; tail black, tipped with white. Underside grey, markings pale brown edged with white. Forewing with a lunular mark at the end of the cell, a discal line of short

PLEBEINZ. 41

linear marks, curved slightly inwards at its upper end, and rather close to a sub- terminal double line of short linear marks, rather darker in colour. Hindwing with three sub-basal black spots in a curve, and another black spot in the middle of the costa, a discal series of spots, the uppermost one outside the others, the lowest one well inside, the lowest two more or less lunular, a sub-terminal series of spots, decreasing in size upwards, those in interspaces 1 and 2 black, the latter the larger, both marked with orange on their inner sides, all enclosed by a line of lunules joined together ; both wings with a terminal brown line.

Female. Upperside. orewing blackish-brown at the base, with broad blackish- brown costal and outer borders, the inner portion of the wing blue with iridescent scales. Hindwing with the costa broadly blackish-brown, the outer margin narrowly so, the sub-terminal spots large and prominent, with smaller blackish spots with whitish outer edges continued up the wing, with a row of spear-shaped, whitish spots on their inner side. Underside as in the male, the two black sub-terminal spots on the hind- wing with some metallic blue scales. Cilia white. Antenne black, speckled with white; head and body dark blackish-brown above, with some blue scales, white beneath.

'Expanse of wings, ¢ ? 134; to 1,5 inches.

Dry-season Brood (= patala) (Figs. 2c, 3, 2d, ?).

Male and Female above and below similar to the Wet-season form, the coloration paler, the markings on the underside smaller.

Expanse of wings, $ ? 14/5 to 14%; inches.

GenITALIA.— Harpago long, very narrow, apex somewhat spatulate and excoriated, covered with stiff bristles, all through its lower edge and terminal third of upper edge ; cingula bent closely over harpagines as in veres, tegumen deeply cleft, with long strong falces, in close proximity to the harpagines as in Hveres; furca short and broad ; zedceagus of moderate and even width, with a bend near the middle.

Larva.—Of the usual Lycznid shape, the head small, black shining, retractile. Colour of body pale green with darker green or reddish dorsal and sub-dorsal lines, the latter coalesced into a broad band between the eleventh and last segments. The entire surface of the body covered with minute white tubercles, there are also a few scattered white hairs. The segmental constrictions shallow. Spiracles black ; extensile organs on the twelfth segment small. The larva is broader than high in its higher part, increasing in width to fourth segment, from thence to the flattened anal segment of about uniform width. Bred by me in Caleutta on Phaseolus trilobus, Linn. Mr. W. C. Taylor reports that the larva feeds in Orissa on Dolichos catjany, Roxb. Dr. A. Forel identifies the ant in Calcutta as Camponotus rubripes (= sylvaticus, Fabr.), sub- species, compressus, Fabr.

VOL, VIII. G

42 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

Pupa.—Very pale green, the abdominal segments somewhat opaque ; of the usual Lyceenid shape, no distinctive structure or markings. Head-case square, thorax slightly humped, slightly constricted before the first abdominal segment, a dark dorsal line extending the whole length; spiracles black; entire surface smooth, not hairy (de Nicéville).

Hasrrat.—Throughout India, Ceylon and the Malayan sub-region, extending to Australia. A very common insect.

Note—The type-specimen of the variety theseus is unique, and as, until more

examples are procured, it is impossible to decide by dissection whether it is a good form or not, we leave it here.

EUCHRYSOPS CONTRACTA.

Plate 650, figs. 1, ¢, la, 2, 1b, 9 (Wet-season Brood), 1c, g, 1d, 9 (Dry-season Brood).

Lampides contracta, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1880, p. 406, pl. 39, fig. 3, ¢. Catochrysops contracta, Butler, l.c. 1881, p. 606. Swinhoe, id. 1884, p. 506. Swinhoe, Trans. Ent.

Soc. 1893, p. 297. de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 181 (1890). Nurse, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1899, p. 512.

Catochrysops ella, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 606, and 1886, p. 365. Swinhoe, id. 1884, p. 506, and 1886, p. 426. Swinhoe, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1887, p. 273. de Nioéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 180 (1890).

Catochrysops hapalina, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1883, p. 148, pl. 24, figs. 2, §, 3, 9. Swinhoe, id.

1885, p. 131, and 1886, p.426. Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1888, p.145. de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 182 (1890). Catochrysops cnejus, Bingham (part), Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 415 (1907).

Wet-season Brood (Figs. 1, 3, la, 2, 1b, ?).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside dark grey-blue tinged with lilac; both wings with a fine outer marginal black line and pure white cilia, with a blackish-brown basal band. Hindwing with a small terminal black spot in interspace 1, and a very minute black dot in the next interspace, not always present, without any white or orange edges; tail black tipped with white. Underside dark grey, markings disposed as in enejus, but very obscure, and on the hindwing the black sub-basal and costal spots are indicated by pale spots a little darker than the colour of the wing, and there is a distinct white fascia across the wing, between the discal row of spots and the sub-terminal series; the anal spots are small and obscure, and the orange and white edgings are very small and faint, and often absent. Antenne black, ringed with white ; head and body blackish-brown above, with some blue scales, white beneath.

Female. Upperside coloured like the male, but darker. Forewing with the costa broadly blackish, the outer margin with a narrower blackish band. Hindwing with the costal portion suffused broadly with blackish, the outer marginal band about as

PLEBEIN. 43

broad as on the forewing, with the spots and enclosing lunular line much as in the female of enejus, but generally without any indications of orange or white edgings, but sometimes there are indications of them. Underside as in the male, the markings and the white fascia on the hindwing more prominent.

Expanse of wings, $ ¢ 4% inch.

Dry-season Brood (Figs. le, #, 1d, 2).

Male. Upperside very pale lilac-blue, marginal lines brown, the anal spots on the hindwing more prominent. Underside paler than in the other form, but like the Wet- season form the colour is of quite a different kind to that of enejus ; markings similar to those of the Wet form.

Female. Upperside coloured like the male, but the costal and outer portions of the forewing are broadly suffused with pale brownish-grey, the markings on the hindwing as in the Wet form, but more distinct, the marginal spots ringed with white, the anal spots with pale ochreous. Underside as in the male.

Expanse of wings, ¢ ?, 78; inch.

GENITALIA.—Harpago broad, longish, fore apex developed into a long hook ; altogether much more Plebeid than enejus ; cingula erect as in the Plebeids. Tegumen Plebeid in all particulars, the harpagines different, very deeply cleft, with long narrow pointed cheeks ; furca long and narrow as in the Plebeids ; edceagus narrow, angled at a quarter from the tip; the harpagines are nearer the arion group; cingula and tegumen essentially Plebeid.

Nore.—Bingham has put contracta as a synonym to enejus; we believe he could not have had suttcient material to judge by. We have a very fine series of seasonal forms of both, and believing, as we always have maintained, that they are distinct from each other, we obtained from Mr. Bethune-Baker a diagnosis of the genitalia of each.

Hasirat.—N.W. India.

DistripuTion.—The type-specimens of all the above were collected by us; we took this species on the Hubb River in Beluchistan, in Kandahar, Karachi and Kutch.

ALLIED CHINESE AND MALAYAN SPECIES.

Euchrysops trifracta, Catochrysops trifracta, Butler, Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist. 1884, p. 194. Habitat, Rat Island, Straits of Malacca.

Euchrysops luzonicus, Plebeius luzonicus, Rober, Tris, 1886, p. 60, pl. 5, fig. 22. Habitat, Philippines.

Euchrysops arcana, Lycena arcana, Leech, Entom. xxiii. p. 43 (1890). Everes arcana, Leech, Butt. of China, etc. ii. p. 329, pl. 31, fig. 1, 9 (1893). Habitat, W. China.

44 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

Sub-Family LAMPIDINZ.

Eyes hairy. orewing with vein 12 usually bent towards 11, sometimes touching it; in Jamides jomed by a short bar ; in Nacaduba they anastomose for a short dis- tance; 8 absent.

The genitalia present much variation, most of the genera have a pistol-shaped eedoeagus much like that of Lyceenopsis (Chapman).

Genus LAMPIDES.

Lampides, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 70 (1816).

Polyommatus, Moore (nec Latreille), Lep. Ceylon, i. p. 93 (1881). Distant, Rhop. Malayana, p. 230 (1884). de Niceville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 203 (1890). Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 432 (1907).

Eyes hairy. Forewing with cell less than half the length of the wing, veins 6 and 7 close together, 8 absent, 9 from the middle of 7, 10 and 11 from apical half of sub-costal, 12 bent towards 11, very close, touching it, but not anastomosed, 12 long, ends on costa opposite end of cell; costa very slightly arched, nearly straight, apex not acute, outer margin convex, hinder angle obtuse, hinder margin straight. Hind- wing with the cell very short, veins 3 and 4 from lower end of cell, 7 from a little before upper end, 8 arched at base, ends on costa before the apex; costa slightly arched, apex rounded, outer margin rather straight, especially in the female, hinder angle angulate, hinder margin rather long.

Type, beticus, Linnzeus.

LAMPIDES B@TICUS. Plate 650, figs. 2, ¢, 2a, 9, 2b, g.

Papilio beticus, Linneus, Syst. Nat. xii. vol. i. (2), p. 789 (1767). Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 522 (1775) ; Sp. Ins. ii. p. 119 (1781) ; Mant. Ins. ii. p. 69 (1787). Esper, Schmett. i. (1), pl. 27, figs. 3a, b (1778), and part ii. pl. 91, fig. 3 (1784). Hiibner, Eur. Schmett. i. figs. 373, 374, g, 375, 9 (1798-1803).

Polyommatus beticus, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 653 (1823). Moore, Lep. Ceylon, i. p. 93 (1881). Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1882, p. 31. Distant, Rhop. Malayana, p. 214, fig. 64, neuration of forewing, p. 230, pl. 20, fig. 8, g, 1, 9 (1884). de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 204, pl. 27, fic. 190, g¢ (1890). Watson, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1890, p. 34, and 1891, p. 47, and 1897, p- 662. de Nicéville, id. 1890, p. 297. Betham, id. 1891, p. 179. Mackinnon and de Nicéville, id. 1898, p. 381. Nurse, id. 1899, p. 512. de Rhé-Philipe, id. 1902, p. 489. Leslie and Evans, id. 1903, p. 674. Aitken and Comber, id. vol. xvi. 1903, p. 48. Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 432 (1907).

LAMPIDIN£. 45

Lampides beticus, Butler, Cat. Fabr. Lep. B. M. p. 165 (1869). Semper, Journ. Mus. Godef. xiv. p. 158 (1879). Butler, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. Lond. 1877, p. 567.

Hesperia betica, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. (1), p. 280 (1798).

Lyczna betica, Horsfield, Cat. Lep. E.I.C. p. 80 (1828). Boisduval, Sp. Gen. i. pl. 7, fig. 9, ¢ (1836). Guenée, An. Soc. Ent. France, fourth series, vii. p. 665, pl. 13, figs. 9 to 12, five posterior segments of larva showing special organs (1867). Lang, Butt. Eur. p. 99, pl. 22, figs. 2, 6 ?, pl. 28, fig. 5, pupa (1884). Elwes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1882, p. 887. Pryer, Rhop. Niphonica, p. 17, pl. 4, fig. 22, g (1888).

Papilio coluthez, Fuessly, Schweiz. Ins. p. 31, fig. 2 (1775).

Papilio damoétes, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 526 (1775).

Papilio archias, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. pl. 181, fig. C (1777).

Papilio pisorum, Fourcroy, Ent. Paris, ii. p. 242 (1785).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside violet-blue, with hair-like, whitish scales dispersed over the entire surface of both wings. Forewing with costal and outermarginal brown line, the latter often with a little inward brown suffusion. Hindwing with a similar marginal line, a rather large round black subterminal spot in interspace 2, a smaller spot in interspace 1, each spot ringed, sometimes with pale blue, sometimes with pale orange-ochreous. Cilia white, with a brown basal band ; tail black, tipped with white. Underside grey with a slight ochreous tinge, markings brownish. Forewing with a pair of bars across the middle of the cell, and a pair across the end, a pair in the disc, from near the costa to vein 3, continued a little inwards to the hinder margin in two pieces, all with white inside the pairs. Hindwing with eight or nine more or less sinuous brown fasciz at even distances apart, all the brown lines with white marks between them; both wings with brown terminal line, white subterminal line, then a series of white lunules, followed by white marks, more or less in echelon on the forewing, formed into a white narrow band on the hindwing, the whole surface of both wings having these markings at even distances apart; and there are small jet black subterminal spots, containing metallic, blue-green scales, broadly surrounded by orange, in interspaces 1 and 2.

Female.. Upperside with some slight brownish suffusion, some shining blue scales at the base of both wings and in the interior portion of the forewing ; on the hindwing there are two spots in interspaces 1 and 2 as in the male, and some pale brown spots in continuation up the wing, all outwardly edged by a fine white subterminal line, and across the disc there is a narrow white band, divided by the veins. Underside as in the male. Antennae black, ringed with white; head and body blackish-brown above with blue pubescence, white beneath.

Expanse of wings, ¢ ? 143, to 14 inches.

Larva, when full grown, measures 7%ths of an inch; pale dull green throughout, shagreened, but not hairy, except slightly so at the sides; the small retractile head smooth, ochreous pale brown, shining, a dorsal line of a somewhat darker green than

46 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

the ground, no other markings whatever, altogether a very plain-looking creature. The constrictions at the segments shallow, the spiracles black, but inconspicuous, the usual extensile organs on the twelfth segment very short. The larva feeds on the yellow pea-like flowers and on the pods of Crotalaria striata, D.C., in Caleutta. Dr. A. Forel, of Geneva, has identified the three species of ants which I have found attending this larva in Calcutta as Camponotus rubripes, Drury (sylvaticus, Fabricius), sub-species compressus, Fabricius ; Tapinoma melanocephalum, Fabricius, and Prenolepis obscura, Mayr. (var. clandestina, Mayr).

Pupa.—Pale yellowish-green, the posterior end very blunt and rounded, the abdominal segments larger than the anterior, the head small, a dark dorsal line, a double sub-dorsal series of small black spots, the thorax slightly humped on the back, the pupa smooth throughout (de Nicéville).

Lang’s description of the larva in Europe is somewhat different, and so also is Trimen’s description of it in South Africa, they are both given in detail by de Nicéville, at p. 205 of his work; he says, “I have given these various descriptions of the trans- formations of P. baticus, as from them it would appear that the insect is much more variable in the earlier portions of its history than it is later on asa butterfly. I think this will be found true of very many of the larvee of the Lyceenidz, which, as far as my experience goes, vary in coloration and markings in the most extraordinary and puzzling manner.”

Hasrrar.—All India, Burmah, Ceylon, the Malayan sub-region to Australia, also in parts of Europe, Asia and Africa a very common insect.

ALLIED MALAYAN SPECIES.

Lampides bagus, Polyommatus bagus, Distant, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1886, p. 352; id. Rhop. Malayana, p. 457, pl. 44, fig. 18, 9 (1886). Habitat, Malacca.

Genus CATOCHRYSOPS.

Catochrysops, Boisduval, Voy. Astrolabe, Lep. i. p. 87 (1832). Moore (part), Lep. Ceylon, i. p. 90 (1881). Distant (part), Rhop. Malayana, p. 223 (1884). de Nicéville (part), Butt. of India, iii. p. 175 (1890). Bingham (part), Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 410 (1907).

Eyes hairy. orewing with the cell half the length of the wing, upper disco- cellular in line with the sub-costal vein, the lower vertical ; vein 7 emitted before the upper end of cell, 8 absent, 9 from middle of 7, 10 from apical third of sub-costal vein, 11 at base well separated from 10, 12 bent towards 11. Costa arched, apex somewhat acute, outer margin convex, hinder angle obtuse, hinder margin straight. Hindwing,

LAMPIDINEA. 47

cell short, vein 3 from before lower end of cell, 7 from beyond the middle ; wing elongate, pear-shaped ; costa slightly arched, apex rounded, outer margin slightly convex, hinder angle well marked, hinder margin slightly convex.

Type, strabo, Fabricius.

CATOCHRYSOPS STRABO. Plate 650, figs. 3, ¢, 3a, 2, 3b, 2 (Wet-season Brood), 3c, g, 3d, 9 (Dry-season Brood).

Hesperia strabo, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. (1), p. 287 (1793).

Polyommatus strabo, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 656 (1823).

Catochrysops strabo, Boisduval, Voy. Astrolabe, Lep. i. p. 88 (1832). Moore, Lep. Ceylon, i. p. 91, pl. 37, figs. 2, g, 2a, 9 (1881), Proc. Zool. Soc. 1882, p. 246. Distant, Rhop. Malayana, p. 224, pl. 21, fig. 8, g, 14, @ (1884). Hampson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1888, p. 358. de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 177 (1890). Manders, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 529. Watson, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1890, p. 34, and 1891, p. 45, and 1897, p. 661. de Nicéville, id. 1890, p. 386. Betham, id. 1891, p. 179. Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1893, p- 297. Davidson, Bell and Aitken, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1896, p. 377. Mackinnon and de Nicéville, id. 1898, p. 380. Nurse, id. 1899, p. 512. de Rhé-Philipe, id. 1902, p. 488. Aitken and Comber, id. vol. xv. 1903, p. 48. Bingham (part), Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 411, pl. 19, fig. 143, g (1907).

Lampides strabo, Butler, Cat. Fabr. Lep. B. M. p. 165 (1869). Elwes, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1892, p. 627.

Cupido strabo, Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874, p. 106.

Lycena strabo, Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent. xix. p. 152 (1876),

Lyczna kandarpa, Horsfield, Cat. Lep. E.1.C. p. 82 (1829). Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 773.

Lampides kandarpa, Semper, Journ. Mus. Godef. xiv. p. 158 (1879).

Lyczna asoka, Kollar, Hiigel’s Kaschmir, iv. (2), p. 419 (1848).

Lyczna didda, Kollar, l.c. p. 420.

Lycena platissa, Herrich-Schaffer, Stett. Ent. Zeit. xxx. p. 74, pl. 4, fig. 20, 9 (1869); id. Ex. Schmett. ii. fig. 122, 9 (1869).

Wet-season Brood (Figs. 3, 2, 3a, 2, 3b, $).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside, pale violet-blue, shining; terminal line on both wings black, edged inwardly on the hindwing by a fine white line; a short blackish bar at the anal angle, followed by a round black spot in interspace 2, with a little white on its inner side. Cilia white, with a grey medial line. Underside, pale dull grey, markings darker grey edged with white. orewing, with a bar at the end of the cell, a small round sub-costal spot in interspace 10, a discal band of conjoined spots from veins 1 to 7, dislocated below vein 3, where the upper end of the lower portion is shifted a little inwards. Hindwing with a black sub-basal spot and a medial sub-costal black spot; a curved bar at the end of the cell, an outwardly curved discal series of six spots, the first three from the top nearly in a line, the second and third conjoined, the fifth inwards, the sixth outwards and lunular and three lunular spots in a row between it

48 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

and the sub-basal black spots, these latter, however, often indistinct, both wings with a fine terminal black line, a sub-terminal series of lunular spots edged on both sides with white, and between them a series of small grey spots ; a large round sub-terminal black spot crowned with orange in interspace 2, two black dots between it and the anal angle, outwardly edged by a short white line; tail black, tipped with white. Antenne black, the shafts speckled with white; palpi black above, with white hairs beneath tipped with black; head and body brown above, white beneath ; body with blue and grey hairs above. .

Female. Upperside grey, with blue reflections at the base, the extent of which varies much in different examples. orewing with the costa and apex broadly blackish, in some examples this colour extends down the outer margin, in others it is broken into three bands on the lower portion of the wing. Hindwing with the costa broadly pale blackish, extending down the outer margin in some examples, in others the band is narrow with whitish sub-terminal lunules, and indications of a discal series; a large sub-terminal black spot crowned with orange in interspace 2. Underside as in the male.

Expanse of wings, f ? 14%5 inches.

Dry-season Brood (Figs. 3c, 2, 3d, 9).

Male and Female like the Wet-season brood, but much paler in colour and smaller in size.

Expanse of wings, f ? 75 to 14/5 inches.

Larva of the usual shape (ie. onisciform); head light yellow, margined with brown ; body light rose, covered with tiny star-topped stems so arranged as to make diagonal whitish lines to each segment ; a sub-dorsal line on the back; anal segment nearly square, the margin of the body clothed with light-coloured and longish hairs.

Pura of the usual form, covered with stiff, erect hair; colour light rose, with a black patch on the second segment and centre of thorax ; it has also a dark dorsal line, and the lower segments are smudged with black (Davidson, Bell and Aitken).

Hasrrat.—India, Ceylon, Burma, Andamans, Nicobars, and throughout the Malayan sub-region to Australia a common insect.

CATOCHRYSOPS LITHARGYRIA. Plate 651, figs. 1, g, la, 9.

Lampides lithargyria, Moore, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1877, p. 340; id. Lep. Ceylon, i. p. 91 (1881). Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1885, p. 336. Elwes and de Nicéville, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1886, p. 429.

LAMPIDINZA. 49

Catochrysops lithargyria, de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 178. Watson, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1891, p. 661. Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1893, p. 297. Catochrysops strabo, Bingham (part), Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 411 (1907).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside greyish silvery-blue, with some darker glistening blue scales at the base; the tint of colour is quite different to that of strabo, the markings above and below are, however, very similar, but the sub-anal black spot on the hindwing is seldom capped with orange, the cilia of that wing has black points at the vein ends, and there is a distinct sub-terminal series of blackish lunules. Also on the underside of the forewing, the sub-costal small spot above the discal band, in every example we have examined, is closer to the band, very nearly touching the uppermost spot of the band, whereas in strabo it is always widely separated from it; the genitalia, however, is very similar to that of strabo, but there is some difference in the androconia.

Female. With the same peculiar silvery blue scaling above, the sub-anal spot sometimes (but not always) capped with pale orange; markings similar.

_ Expanse of wings, ¢ ? 14% inches.

Hasirat.— Assam, Ceylon, Andamans and the Malayan sub-region.

DistriBuTion.—Moore records it from Ceylon, Elwes from Burma, de Nicéville from the Philippines; we have a fine series from the Khasia Hills, Port Blair and Amboina.

Genus SYNTARUCUS. Syntarucus, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 929. Tarucus, Moore (part), Lep. Ceylon, i. p. 81 (1881). de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 186 (1890). Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 417 (1907).

Langia, Tutt, Brit. Lep. ii. p. 314 (1908), and ix. p. 331 (1908).

Raywardia, Tutt, l.c. p. 484 (1908).

Eyes hairy. Forewing, vein 12 short, reaching the costa before the upper end of the cell, 11 emitted at one half before the end of the cell, short, suddenly bent upwards soon after its origin, and in the males touches 12, but does not anastomose with it, in the females it does not quite touch, vein 10 emitted at one-third and 9 from beyond middle of 7, 8 absent, 6 and 7 well separated at base, middle discocellular slightly outwardly oblique, the lower upright. Costa slightly arched, apex angulate, outer margin convex, hinder angle angulate, hinder margin straight. Hindwing, vein 8 strongly curved at base, 7 emitted at one-fourth before upper end of cell, cell short, discocellulars in nearly a straight line, 4 emitted from lower end of cell, 3 from close before it. Costa arched, apex and outer margin rounded, anal angle obtuse.

Type, telicanus, Hiibner.

SYNTARUCUS PLINIUS. Plate 651, figs. 2, ¢, 2a, 9, 2b, 9 (Wet-season Brood), 2c, g, 2d, 2 (Dry-season Brood).

Hesperia plinius, Fabricius, Ent. Syst, iii. p. 284 (1793).

VOL. VIII. H

50 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

Papilio plinius, Donovan, Ins. Ind. pl. 45, fig. 1 (1800).

Polyommatus plinius, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 658 (1823).

Lycena plinius, Horsfield, Cat. Lep. E.I.C. p. 72 (1828). Manders, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 528.

Tarucus plinius, Moore, Lep, Ceylon, i. p. 82, pl. 36, fig. 4 (1881). Swinhoe, Proc. Zool, Soc. 1884, p. 506, and 1885, p. 133, and 1886, p. 427. Hampson, Journ, As. Soc. Bengal, 1888, p. 357. de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 194 (1890). Watson, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soe. 1890, p. 34. Davidson and Aitken, id. p. 353. de Nicéville, id. p. 386. Watson, id. 1891, p. 47. Betham, id. p. 179. Elwes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892, p. 628. Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1893, p. 297. Watson, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1897, p. 661. Nurse, id. 1899, p. 512. de Rhé- Philipe, id. 1902, p. 489. Aitken and Comber, id. vol. xv. 1903, p. 48. Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 420 (1907).

Lampides cassius, var. plinius, Butler, Cat. Fabr. Lep. B. M. p. 164 (1869).

? plinius, Doherty, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1886, p. 132. Tarucus telicanus, Mackinnon and de Nicéville, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1898, p. 381.

Wet-season Brood (Figs. 2, ¢, 2a, 2, 2b, 2).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside dark violet-grey, both wings with terminal black line with a narrow blackish edging, widest at the apex, gradually decreasing hindwards, the markings of the underside more or less visible through the wings; tail black tipped with white. Cilia white. Underside white, markings dark chocolate-brown. Forewing a sub-costal streak from the base, a short spear-shaped streak below it, six irregular transverse bands close together: Ist outwardly curved, its upper end touching the end of the sub-costal streak ; the 2nd commencing in a point at-the costa just before the middle and thickening hindwards to the middle of the hinder margin; the 3rd from the costa, outwardly oblique and sinuous, thickening somewhat hindwards to vein 2, then suddenly fining downwards ; the 4th in three pieces, outwardly curved, commencing with a short outwardly oblique band from the costa, followed by a rather large round spot, and then a thin streak obliquely inwards to the hinder margin; the 5th a short sinuous outwardly oblique band from the costa, one-fifth from the apex ; the 6th a thin similar band beyond it. Hindwing with seven transverse, disjoimted bands, mostly outwardly curved from the costa to the abdominal margin, both wings with fine terminal line, sub-terminal somewhat sinuous thicker line, and between them a series of spots, somewhat lunular, larger on the hind than on the forewing, a large black spot containing a ring of metallic scales in interspace 2, and two black similar dots near the anal angle, all ringed with orange-ockreous. Antenne, head and body black, shafts of antenne with white rings, thorax with blue pubescence.

Female. Upperside. J orewing with the ground colour white with a violet tinge, the costa broadly black, the outer margin very broadly black, the base suffused with black and with some blue scales, a transverse, ante-medial outwardly curved black band, a post-medial outwardly oblique and nearly straight band, followed by two or three spots merging into the outer border, the black predominating all over the wing except

LAMPIDIN&, 51

in its middle portions. Hindwing with an even, rather narrow, black outer marginal band, sub-terminal black spots with white caps and the entire wing blackish, with the bands of the underside showing through it. Underside as in the male, the markings

darker, nearly black.

Expanse of wings, $ ? 1/5 inches.

Dry-season Brood (Figs. 2c, ¢, 2d, $).

Both sexes with. markings above and below very similar to those of the Wet- season brood, but much paler in colour; in the female, the white colour above is much more extensive, showing on the forewing the discoidal bar and discal band of square spots distinctly, the costal and outer marginal bands are also narrower and more even, and on the hindwing there is a post-discal series of white spots present.

Expanse of wings, ¢ ¢ 1 inch.

Larva.—Pale greenish-yellow above, sides lilacine, a narrow brownish median line, followed by eight diagonal short streaks and six brownish-red spots. Before pupating the colour gets much more diffused. Feeds among the flower-beds of Plumbago.

Pupa.—Dull yellowish, profusely mottled with brown spots (de Nicéville).

Hasrrat.—India, Burma, Ceylon, China, the Malayan sub-region to Java, West Africa, Aden.

DistrIBuTION.—Elwes records it from the Karen Hills, Watson from Mysore and Chin Lushai, Davidson and Aitken from Karwar, Betham from the Central Provinces, Mackinnon and de Nicéville from Mussuri, Nurse from Kutch, de Rhé-Philipe from Lucknow, Manders from the Shan States, Hampson from the Nilgiris, and it is in our collection from the Khasia Hills.

Genus NIPHANDA.

Niphanda, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874, p. 572. de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii, p. 131 (1890). Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 370 (1907).

Eyes hairy. The venation closely resembling Lycewnesthes. orewing with the cell a little shorter, vein 3 is emitted from before lower end of cell, 9 from middle of 7, 12 bent a little downwards towards 11, ends on costa opposite end of cell, instead of before it; costa nearly straight, apex blunt, hinder angle obtuse. Hindwing, cell shorter than in Lycznesthes, vein 8 arched and ends before apex of wing. Antenne long, more than half as long as the costa of forewing, club long, gradual ; palpi sub- porrect, densely clothed with short scales, not fringed with long hairs or bristles, third joint long, naked; costa and outer margin evenly curved, hinder angle obtuse ; hinder margin convex at base, concave outwardly.

Type, tessellata, Moore.

NOIS NIVERSITY OF ILL i LIBRARY

52 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

NIPHANDA CYMBIA. Plate 651, figs. 3, $, 3a, 9, 3b, g.

Niphanda (2) cymbia, de Nicéville, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1883, p. 76, pl. 9, figs. 8, g, 8a, 2. Staudinger, Ex. Schmett. p. 270, pl. 94, g (1888). de Nicéville, Butt. of India, i. p. 132, Frontispiece, figs. 130, ¢, 131, 9 (1890). Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1893, p. 296. Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 370 (1907).

Niphanda plinioides, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1883, p. 524, pl. 48, fig. 8, 9.

Niphanda tessellata, de Nicéville (nec Moore), Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1882, p. 61. Elwes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892, p. 572.

Imaco.—Male. Upperside dark violet colour, shining, costal and outer marginal lines of both wings blackish-brown, edged inwardly with brown, the edging deeper on the hindwing, which has a sub-terminal indistinct series of brown spots with lunules above them, thin lunules closing all the cells. Underside dull greyish-white, markings dark chocolate-brown. Forewing with the base suffused, this suffusion running along the costa in small angular patches; a broad sub-basal streak from the hinder margin, narrowing upwards but not reaching the costa, a post-medial outwardly oblique broken band of three spots, the upper one closing the cell, the other two touching each other in interspaces 1 and 2; two sub-apical short outwardly oblique bands close together, the outermost one twice as thick as the other. Mindwing with three large, nearly round black spots ringed with white, one sub-costal beyond the middle, one immediately below it, and a third also sub-costal, nearer the base, all the outer markings chocolate-brown, all ringed with white, a spot near the base, a row of three below the inner black spot, a long cell lunule with a spot touching its lower end, a discal outwardly curved series of spots, a series of short streaks beyond it; both wings with terminal, very fine black line, sub-terminal spots, the lowest two in each wing geminate, on the hindwing a third at the anal angle, all these spots enclosed by a line of lunular marks, the spot in interspace 2 of the forewing, and all the spots of the hindwing more or less black, the two at the apex of the latter larger than the others. Cilia brown with white patches. Antenne black ringed with white ; head and body blackish-brown above, whitish beneath.

Female. Upperside dull pale smoky brown. rewing with a black bar at the end of the cell, a rather broad blackish outer marginal band, a discal irregular narrow band, very indistinct. Hindwing more suffused with brown than the forewing, indications of an indistinct thin discal band, followed by a series of dull whitish spots, both wings with brown terminal line, on the hindwing edged inwardly by a fine white line, followed by a series of black spots, ringed with whitish. Cilia grey without white patches. Underside with the colour and markings very similar to those of the male.

Expanse of wings, ¢ ? 14%; to 1335 inches.

LAMPIDINE. 53

Hasirat.—Sikkim, Assam. We have received many examples from the Khasia Hills.

NIPHANDA MARCIA. Plate 651, figs. 4, g, 4a, 9, 4b, ¢.

Lyczena (Niphanda) marcia, Fawcett, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, pt. ii. p. 139, pl. 9, fig. 7. Niphanda marcia, Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 370, pl. 20, fig. 146 (1907).

Imago.—Male. Upperside violet, brighter and paler in colour than eymbia ; some of the markings of the underside faintly visible through the wings, and all the veins more or less prominent, terminal line of both wings black, and some indistinct sub- terminal blackish spots. Cilia brown at the base, white at the tips, chequered with brown. Underside with the ground colour white, markings chocolate-brown with white edges. Forewing with the basal and costal spaces suffused with pale chocolate- brown; a dark basal streak, an outwardly oblique broad dark streak, from the hinder margin one-third from the base, formed of conjoined spots, through the outer part of the cell, where there are two smaller spots, the upper one minute, a bar at the end of the cell, a discal band composed of five small spots in an outwardly oblique row from near the costa to vein 3, with a broad dark smear outside them, the band completed by two large spots one above the other and somewhat inside, in interspaces 3 and 2. Hindwing entirely suffused with pale chocolate-brown, except for a small space in the middle of the disc, all the markings white-edged, three sub-basal rather large dark spots, the first sub-costal, the next two close together, the lower one a little inwards, in interspaces 3 and 2, a minute dot above them, and a small spot on the abdominal margin, a discal outwardly curved series of spots, two close together from below the costa, then a white patch, outside which are four pale spots in a circle, an outside spot and then an inside spot close to the abdominal margin; both wings with terminal brown line, a sub-terminal series of white spots, with brown spots inside them, the spot in interspace 2 of the forewing and those in interspaces, 2, 3, and 6 of the hindwing and also an anal spot more or less black and larger than the others, the whole series being followed by a series of white lunules. Antenne black ringed with white ; head and body blackish-brown above, white beneath.

Female. Upperside white, markings brown. vrewing with the base and costal portions suffused with brown, a thin bar at the end of the cell, a diseal band, broad from the costa where it is outwardly curved to vein 3, then in a narrow form, inwardly curved to the hinder margin; a narrow white band divided by the veins, nearly obliterated in its upper part by brown suffusion, and followed by a marginal band of brown. Hindwing with the interior portion almost entirely suffused with brown, a discal outwardly curved series of five small white spots, a sub-terminal double series of

54 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

white spots, the outer spots large and centred with brown spots which become darker and larger hindwards, especially those in interspaces 2 and 3; terminal line of both wings black. Underside white without any brown suffusion, markings disposed as in the male, but much more prominent on account of the whiteness of the ground colour.

Expanse of wings, $ 13%, ? 1 inch.

Hasirat.—Burma, Mergui, Siam.

DistTRIBUTION.—The type (a male) came from Tounghoo, Burma, taken in June ; there is a male in the B. M. from Siam, and a female from Contor Island, Mereui.

ALLIED CHINESE, JAPANESE AND BORNEAN SPECIES.

Niphanda fusca, Thecla fusca, Bremer and Grey, Schmett. N. China, p. 9 (1853). Leech, Butt. of China, etc. ii. p. 340, pl. 31, fig. 17, 9, var. (1893). Habitat, Japan, Corea.

Niphanda tessellata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1883, p. 526. Lyczenesthes tessellata, Distant, Rhop. Malayana, p. 458, pl. 42, fig. 13, ¢, and pl. 44, fig. 21, 9 (1886). Synonym, Lyczenesthes ethiops, Distant, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1886, p. 253. Habitat, Malayana.

Niphanda lasurea, Thecla fusca, var. lasurea, Graeser, Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1888, p. 74. Habitat, Central China.

Niphanda reta, H. H. Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 576, pl. 32, fig. 12, g. Habitat, Kina Balu, Borneo,

Genus LYCANESTHES. ‘

Lyceenesthes, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 773. Hewitson, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1874, p. 343. Moore, Lep. Ceylon, i. p. 87 (1881). Distant, Rhop. Malayana, p. 232 (1884). Trimen, South Afr. Butt. ii. p. 93 (1887). de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 127 (1890). Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 372 (1907).

Eyes hairy. Jorewing. Celllong, more than half the length of the wing; vein 7 from before upper end of cell, veins 1 and 2 very wide apart at base, 2 and 3 emitted from apical fourth of median vein, 4 from lower end of cell, 6 from upper end, 8 absent, 9 from apical half of 7, 10 and 11 free, 12 ends on costa before end of cell; veins | and 12 and the median and sub-median veins thickened towards base ; costa slightly arched, apex sub-acute, outer margin convex, hinder angle almost a right angle, hinder margin straight. Hindwing with the cell about half as long as the wing ; middle and lower discocellulars concave and sloping obliquely outwards; veins la, 1, median and sub-costal veins and vein 8 all distinctly thickened towards base; 3 and 4 arise close together from lower end of cell, 8 strongly arched at basal third and extended parallel and very close to the costal margin up to the apex of the wing, wing broad, costa arched, apex and hinder angle well marked, outer margin convex, short projections at the end of veins 1 to 3 composed of slight fascicles of long hair-like scales or cilia ; hinder margin very slightly convex. Antenne more than half the length of the costa

LAMPIDINZ. 55

of forewing ; club long, gradual, acute at apex ; palpi porrect, fringed with stiff hairs in

front ; third joint long, naked ; body robust. Type, lengalensis, Moore.

LYCANESTHES EMOLUS. Plate 652, figs. 1, ¢, la, 9, 1b, ¢.

Polyommatus emolus, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 656 (1823).

Lycenesthes emolus, de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 128 (1890). Watson, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc, 1891, p. 45, and 1897, p. 660. Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1893, p. 296. Elwes, id. p. 622. Davidson, Bell and Aitken, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1896, p. 374. Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 373 (1907).

Lycznesthes bengalensis, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 773, pl. 41, fig. 2, g. Distant, Rhop. Malayana, p. 458, pl. 44, fig. 9, g¢ (1886).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside dark, dull, purple-blue, base of wings suffused with dark dull blue scales ; terminal line on both wings black, expanding slightly at the apex of the forewing ; sub-terminal, indistinct, black spots in interspaces 1, 2 and 3 on the hindwing, the upper one the smallest. Cilia brown. Underside pale brown, with a slight purplish tint, markings slightly darker than the colour of the wing, formed by their whitish edgings. Forewing with a bar at the end of the cell, a discal sinuous and outwardly curved band of short bars joined together, rather close to the margin, followed by a sub-terminal complete band of small lunular marks joined together, this band haying the whitish edging only on its outer side. 7indwing with sub-basal band of three bar-shaped spots, with a minute blackish spot below them on the abdominal margin, a bar at the end of the cell, a discal, outwardly curved complete band of short bars joined together, terminal black band inwardly edged with whitish, a series of sub- terminal darker and somewhat angulated spots, inwardly edged by whitish lunules, closely followed by a similar smaller series, a sub-terminal black spot, capped with dull orange in interspace 3. Antenne black, speckled with white ; head and body purplish- brown above, whitish beneath. Cilia grey, with a black basal band above, brown beneath.

Female. Upperside pale brownish, of a violet tint. orewing with the base, costa and outer margins broadly suffused with dark brown, the hinder margin narrowly brown, terminal line black. Hindwing with some brown suffusion at the base, and with a brown, narrow outer marginal suffusion, terminal line black, inwardly edged by a white line, a series of indistinct, sub-terminal blackish triangular spots, inwardly edged with pale lunules. Underside like the male, ground colour some- what paler.

Expanse of wings, $ ? 14% inches.

56 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

Larva, when full-fed, 0°62 of an inch in length, somewhat dark green in colour (of darker shade than most Lyczenid larvee), smooth and shining, the whole upper surface covered with minute pits to be seen only under. a strong magnifying glass. The head is very small and retractile as usual, and of a pale green colour, the second segment is unmarked, the third to sixth segments inclusive have some obscure reddish- brown dorsal blotches, the three following segments are unmarked, the tenth to twelfth segments have somewhat similar blotches to those on the third to sixth segments, but they are more distinct and darker in shade. There is a pale yellow lateral line just about the legs. All the segments are irregularly and broadly pitted at the sides ; these pits seem more or less to assume the form of a longitudinal sub-dorsal depression, below which to the lateral line the colour of the insect is slightly paler. The whole larva is much depressed, somewhat wider than high, and seems to gradually increase in breadth to the tenth segment, the last seement is almost as large and rounded. The larva varies greatly in colour and markings, some being pale green throughout and unmarked, others again are reddish-brown throughout. It feeds m Calcutta on Nephelium litchi, Lamb., Cassia fistula, Linneeus, and Heynea- trijuga, Roxb., and not improbably, as it feeds on so many bushes, it will eat others. Dr. Forel identifies the ant which attends the larva as Ceophylla smaragdina. Fabricius, the large red and green ant which makes immense nests of growing leaves in trees.

Pura, 0°4 of an inch in length, of the usual Lyceenid shape, the tail pointed, the thorax slightly humped, and ending in a somewhat sharp ridge-line on the back ; it is coloured pale ochreous, and bears a prominent diamond-shaped mark posteriorly. It is smooth throughout, reddish-brown, sprinkled with minute darker spots (de Nicéville).

Hasrrat.—India, Burma, Malacca, Borneo, Amboina, Cape York, Australia.

Distripution.—de Nicéville records it from Orissa, Ganjam, Sikkim, Andamans, Elwes from Naga and Karen Hills, Watson from the Chin Hills, Davidson, Bell and Aitken from Karwar; we have received many examples from the Khasia Hills, and have it in our collection also from Silhet, Kulu, Borneo and New Guinea.

Norr.—de Nicéville puts Pseudodipsas lyceenoides, Felder, from Amboina, as a synonym to emolus, at p. 47 of his vol. iii.; he says: “ Felder’s lyceenoides is a very curious species, in which the hindwing has two short but well formed tails; Hewitson says that this species belongs to the genus Lycenesthes, Moore, but the tails look to me to be too substantial to bring into that genus.” We have the type of lyceenoides before us, through the courtesy of the Hon. Walter Rothschild; it is a true Lyceznesthes, as Hewitson said. Felder’s figure is misleading, the specimen has no tails, what the artist mistook for tails are the usual fascicles of long hair-like scales or cilia common to all species of the genus Lyceenesthes. Felder’s lyceenoides is, however, quite distinct from emolus, being much paler on the underside, almost exactly of the colour of Nacaduba macropthalma, the linear markings are pure white, and the discal band is complete and

LAMPIDIN&. 57

of a different nature to that of emolus. What balliston, Hiibner, is, we do not know; it is also made a synonym of emolus, but its habitat is doubtful, we therefore omit it.

LYCAHNESTHES LYCANINA. Plate 652, figs. 2, $, 2a, 9, 2b, g.

Lyczena lycenina, Felder, Verh. Zool.-bot, Ges, Wien, xviii. p. 281 (1868). Hewitson, Il]. Diurn. Lep. p. 219, pl. 90, figs. 6, 9, 9 (1878). Moore, Lep. Ceylon, i. p. 87, pl. 35, figs. 8, 8a, ¢ (1881). Distant, Rhop. Malayana, p. 232, pl. 21, fig. 3, g (1884). Hampson, Journ. As, Soc. Bengal, 1888, p. 357. de. Nicéville, Butt. of India, ii. p. 130, pl. 26, fig. 178, ¢ (1890).

Watson, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1890, p. 34, and 1891, p. 45, and 1897, p. 660. Elwes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892, p. 623. Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1893, p. 296. Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 375 (1907).

Lyczenesthes lycambes, Hewitson, Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 220, pl. 90, figs. 11, 12, g (1878). de Nicéyille, Butt. of India, iii. p. 131 (1890).

Lyczenesthes orissica, Moore, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1884, p. 23.

Imaco.—Male. Upperside of a lighter and brighter purple colour than emolus, apex of forewing more acute, the outer margin straighter, the hindwing is more truncate, the anal angle somewhat acute instead of being rounded; terminal line black, but not expanding at the apex of the forewing, no sub-terminal indistinct blackish spots on the hindwing. Cilia similar. Underside, bands slightly darker than the ground colour, edged with white. Jorewing with a bar at the end of the cell, a discal dislocated band of four conjoined bars, from costa to vein 4, a conjoined bar slightly inwards, in the next interspace, a band of three conjoined bars, from the inner side of the fifth bar, running hindwards from vein 3 to vein 1. Hindiing with a sub- basal, round black spot, ringed with white, below the costa (not always present), a band across the end of the cell, continued to vein 1, a sub-basal spot on the abdominal margin (sometimes nearly black) ringed with white; a discal, somewhat irregular, outwardly curved band of conjoined bars, with two conjoined bars touching on its inner side from vein 7 to vein 4; both wings with terminal brown line and a sub- terminal double series of white lunules, a large black sub-terminal spot in interspace 2 of the hindwing, crowned with orange, the terminal line of this wing inwardly edged by a white line, and the cilia grey with white basal line.

Female. Upperside much as in the female of emolus, the sub-terminal spots on the hindwing generally more prominent. Underside as in the male.

Expanse of wings, $ $ 14%; inches.

Haszrrat.—India, Burma, Ceylon, Malay Peninsula, Borneo.

DistRisuTion.—The type came from Ceylon, we have not been able to examine it, it is not at Tring, and we have not been able to ascertain where it is deposited ; Moore

records it from Orissa, Elwes from the Naga Hills, Watson from Mysore and the Chin

VOL, VIII. I

58 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

Hills, Hampson from the Nilgiris, Bingham from Tenasserim and Siam, Distant from the Malay Peninsula; we have received many examples of both sexes from the Khasia Hills, we took one example at Karachi in August, 1882, and have it from Ranchi

(Bengal), Karwar and Coorg.

ALLIED MALAYAN SPECIES. Licznesthes philo, Lycena philo, Hoptfer, Stett. Ent. Zeit. xxxv. p. 27 (1874). Habitat, Celebes.

Genus JAMIDES. Jamides, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 71 (1816). Moore, Lep. Ceylon, i. p. 86 (1881). Distant, Rhop. Malayana, p. 222 (1884). de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 156 (1890). Lampides, Moore (nec Hiibner), Lep. Ceylon, i. p. 94 (1881). Distant, Rhop. Malayana, p. 226 (1884). de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 159 (1890). Bingham (part), Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 396 (1907).

Eyes hairy. Forewing, cell half as long as the wing, vein 7 emitted before upper end of cell, upper discocellular in line with and forming part of sub-costal vein, middle and lower discocellulars sub-equal, middle slightly straight, lower slightly concave, vein 3 emitted before lower end of cell, 8 absent, 9 from middle of 7; 10 and 11 from apical half of sub-costal, both free, 12 ends on costa, well before end of cell, 11 and 12 bent inwards towards each other close to base of 11 and joined by a short bar; costa arched, apex somewhat acute, outer margin very slightly convex, nearly straight; hinder angle somewhat angular, hinder margin straight, about four-fifths the length of the costa. Hindwing, cell short, broad; venation normal; costa slightly curved, apex rounded, outer margin somewhat convex, and obtusely angulate at vein 2, hinder angle well marked, hinder margin straight. Antenne half as long as costa of forewing, club spindle-shaped, long and gradual, palpi densely clothed with scales beneath, third joint long (except in J. bochus, which has the palpi comparatively short) ; body slender.

Type, bochus, Cramer.

JAMIDES BOCHUS. Plate 652, figs. 3, g, 3a, 2, 3b, 9.

Papilio bochus, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. p. 210, pl. 391, figs. C, D, g (1782).

Jamides bochus, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 71 (1816). Moore, Lep. Ceylon, i. p. 86, pl. 36, figs. 8, ¢, 8a, 9 (1881). Distant, Rhop. Malayana, p. 222, pl. 21, figs. 19, ¢, 16, 2 (1884). Hampson Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1888, p. 357. de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 157 (1890). Manders, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 528. Elwes, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1902, p. 626. Watson, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1890, p. 34. de Nicéville, id. 386. Watson, id. 1891, p. 46, and 1897, p. 660. Betham, id. 1891, p.178. Davidson, Bell and Aitken, id. 1896, p. 377.

LAMPIDINZ. 59

Mackinnon and de Nicéville, id. 1898, p. 380. de Rhé-Philipe, id. 1902, p. 488. Aitken and Comber, id. vol. xv. 1903, p. 47. Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 398 (1907).

Polyommatus bochus, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 661 (1823).

Lyczna bochus, Staudinger, Ex. Schmett. p. 272, pl. 94, g (1888).

Hesperia plato, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. (1), p. 288 (1793).

Papilio plato, Donovan, Inst. Ind. pl. 45, fig. 2 (1800).

Polyommatus plato, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 653 (1823). Blanchard, Voy. Péle-Sud, iv. p. 398, pl. 3, figs. 9, 10, ¢ (1853).

Lampides plato, Butler, Cat. Fabr. Lep. B, M. p. 166, pl. 2, fig. 3, 9 (1869). Semper, Journ, des Mus. Godef. xiv. p. 156 (1879).

Lycena pluto, Westwood, Gen. Diurn. Lep. ii. p. 490 (1852).

Hesperia democritus, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. (i.) p. 285 (1793).

Polyommatus democritus, Godart, Ent. Méth. ix. p. 656 (1823).

Lampides democritus, Butler, Cat. Fabr. Lep. B. M. p. 166 (1869).

Lycena nila, Horsfield, Cat. Lep. E.I.C. p. 78 (1828).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside dark metallic blue, very shining and _ brilliant. Forewing with the outer margin very broadly black, varying in width in different specimens, deepest at the apical portion and narrowing along the costal margin to the base. Hindwing with the costal space pale, terminal line black, with a little black suffusion inwards, a white sub-terminal short line towards the anal angle, a black sub-terminal spot in interspace 1, a smaller one in interspace 2,and sometimes indications of small spots on the next two or three interspaces. Cilia blackish- brown above, brown beneath. Underside pale chocolate-brown, marking very slightly darker than the ground colour of the wings, formed by their whitish edgings. Forewing with a bar at the end of the cell, a discal band of short bars touching each other, the upper three outwardly curved, the fourth and fifth in a line, a little inwards. Hindwing with a sub-basal band consisting of a bar from the costa, another below it, somewhat inwards, a spot below and another near it on the abdominal margin; a bar at the end of the cell, an irregular discal band of bars joined together, the two upper bars much larger than the others, and in echelon with cach other ; both wings with a terminal black line, inwardly edged by a white line, sub- terminal double rows of brown spots capped by whitish lunules, a large black sub- terminal spot in interspace 2, a smaller spot in interspace 1, both with metallic blue-green scales, and capped with orange, tail black, tipped with white. Antenne black, speckled with white ; head and body black above, greyish beneath.

Female. Upperside pale greyish-blue. Forewing with the black borders as in the male, but of a duller colour. Hindwing with the costa broadly blackish, blackish rather narrow, terminal band, containing a series of black sub-terminal spots ringed with pale greyish-blue, the second from the anal angle the largest, the others decreasing in size upwards. Terminal line black. Underside as in the male, ground colour

slightly paler.

I 2

69 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

Expanse of wings, 3 ? 13%5 inches.

Larva, hardly distinguishable from that of Catochrysops pandava, Horsfield, it is, however, covered with minute hairs, and is generally of an olive-green colour, and without the reddish suffusion so generally noticed in C. pandava; feeds on Xylia dolabriformis and also on the flowers of Butea frondosa.

Pura, indistinguishable from that of C. pandava (Davidson, Bell and Aitken).

Hasirat.—India, Burma, Ceylon, Andamans, the Malayan sub-region to Australia.

DistriBuTion.—All peninsular India except the desert tracts; Elwes records it from the Naga and Karen Hills, Watson from Mysore, the Chin Hills, and Chin Lushai, Betham from the Central Provinces, Mackinnon and de Nicéville from Mussuri, de Rhe- Philipe from Lucknow, Hampson from the Nilgiris, Manders from the Shan States, Davidson, Bell and Aitken from Karwar; we have taken many examples in Bombay.

JAMIDES NICOBARICUS. Plate 653, figs. 1, g, la, 9, 1b, g.

Lampides plato, var. nicobaricus, Wood-Mason and de Nicéville, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1881, p. 234. Jamides bochus race nicobaricus, de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 158, pl. 27, fig. 186, g (1890). Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. i. p. 398 (1907).

Imaco.—Male, very like the sex of J. bochus on both sides, but on the upper side the blue area of the forewing is more extensive, there being no costal black band ; on the hindwing the anal angle has some blackish on it, which in some examples is somewhat extended up the abdominal margin.

Female, like the typical form of female.

Expanse of wings, $ ? 1+/5 inches.

Hasrrat.—Nicobar Islands.

JAMIDES CORUSCANS. Plate 653, figs. 2, g, 2a, 9, 2b, g. Lampides coruscans, Moore, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1877, p. 341; id. Lep. Ceylon, i. p. 96, pl. 36, figs. 9, 9b, $, 9a, Q (1881). de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 163 (1890). Manders, Journ.

Bo, Nat. Hist. Soc. 1904, p. 78. Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii, p. 400, and p. 398, woodeut, fig. C. (1907).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside shining metallic cobalt-blue. orewing with the costal and terminal line black, the latter edged inwardly by a fine pale bluish line, followed by a little blackish suffusion containing some indistinct blackish suffused spots. Hindwing with the costal area greyish, terminal line black, edged inwardly by a distinct white line, followed by sub-terminal black spots, commencing with the largest in the

LAMPIDINA, 61

second interspace, the spots decreasing in size upwards, with a little blackish suffusion between them, the large spot with a lunular mark on its inner side, which is continued in duplicate somewhat indistinctly to the anal angle. Underside pale greyish-brown, markings white. Forewing with two straight lines closing the cell, the inner one continued hindwards to vein 1 ; followed by a discal line from near the costa, where it is duplicated in the shape of a cup, straight down to the hinder margin, the fourth line parallel with it from near the costa to vein 3. Hindwing with five transverse lines fairly close together, the first a little distance from the base, all the lines on both wings formed of more or less irregular-shaped lunules, some joined together and some disconnected ; both wings with terminal black line, sub-terminal brown spots each in a white angulated spot, followed by a series of brown lunules with white caps, a large sub-terminal black spot in interspace 2 of the hindwing, capped with orange. Cilia above and below, brown at the tips, white at the base, interrupted opposite the vein ends with brown, tails black, tipped with white. Antenne black, with white speckles ; head, thorax and abdomen blackish, with blue hairs above, white beneath.

Female. Upperside dull blue-grey, costa narrowly and outer margin broadly blackish-brown, the blackish colour sometimes shortly running up the veins. Hindwing with the costa broadly blackish, terminal line black, sub-terminal black spots edged and capped with white, followed by another series of indistinct smaller blackish spots, capped also with indistinct whitish lunules. Underside as in the male.

Expanse of wings, S ¢ 13°5 inches.

Hasrrat.—Ceylon.

JAMIDES LACTEATA. Plate 653, figs. 3, g, 3a, 9, 3b, @.

Lampides lacteata, de Nicéville, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1895, p. 36, pl. 8, figs. 25, 26, g 9. Manders, id. 1904, p. 78. Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. il. p. 401, and p. 398, woodcut, fig. b (1907).

Lampides pseudelphis, Moore (nec Butler), Lep. Ceylon, i. p. 95 (1881). de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 165 (1890).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside pale shining azure-blue, varying in shades of colour in different examples, sometimes as pale as J. elpis, often darker. orewing with costal and terminal fine black line. Hindwing with the costa broadly pale, terminal line black, edged inwardly with a fine white line and some blackish sub-terminal spots, the abdominal marginal space also pale. Cilia of both wings black at the base and blackish at the tips, leaving a medial white band with black points at the vein ends; tail black, tipped with white. Underside‘dark brownish-grey, markings white. orewing with a medial line from the median vein, obliquely to the hinder margin, a line at the end of the cell, with a dot above it near the costa, followed by a line from near the costa to

62 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

vein 4, where it is broken and continued to the hinder margin, beimg broken again at vein 2,a fourth line from near the costa to vein 3, broken at vein 4; a lunular complete, rather broader line, a band of brown lunules, outwardly edged by white lunules, then smaller and darker brown lunules, a terminal black line, and between them, edging both, a white line, all packed close together, forming the terminal band. Hindwing with a linear short mark near the middle of the base, and six transverse broken lines, the fourth terminating in an acute angle at the abdominal margin; the terminal band, composed as on the forewing, the inner line of it (being the sixth transverse line) broken and not thicker than the others; a large black sub-terminal spot in interspace 2, another smaller one near the anal angle, both with metallic scales, and capped with orange. Antenne black, ringed with white; head and body blackish, with some blue pubescence, white beneath.

Female. Upperside much paler than the male. Forewing with a broad outer marginal black band, very broad at the apex, with some of the colour, in some examples, running shortly up the veins. /indwing with the costal space broadly blackish, a black terminal band, containing large white spots in the interspaces, with black lunular spots inside them ; a series of white lunules edging the inner side of the band ; terminal line black. Underside as in the male, the markings more pronounced.

Expanse of wings, 135, $ 13% inches.

Haprrat.—Ceylon.

A not uncommon species in Kandy ; we have received several examples.

JAMIDES CHRULEA. Plate 653, figs. 4, ¢, 4a, 9, 4b. 9.

Cupido czrulea, Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 349, pl. 32, fig. 6, g. Lampides cerulea, H. H. Druce, Ent. Mo. Mag. 1894, p. 9; id. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 582. Lampides bochides, de Nicéville, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1891, p. 367, pl. F, fig. 15.

Imaco.—Male. Upperside shining azure-blue, darker and brighter than in J. lacteata, almost as dark as in J. coruscans. Forewing with a costal fine black line, a thicker terminal line, with inner black suffusion, forming almost a band at the apex and fining hindwards. Hindwing with the costal space pale, terminal line very finely black, edged inwardly with a pale, indistinct, whitish line, broken at the veins, and indications of sub-terminal blackish diffuse spots. Cilia blackish, tipped with grey ; tails black, tipped with white. Underside pale chocvlate-brown, markings white. Forewing with four transverse lines, the first from the median vein, just inside the end of the cell, to the hinder margin; the second of same length parallel to it, both very slightly sinuous and divided by the veins; the third from near the costa to vein 3, sometimes (but not always) dislocated at veins 4, 5, and 6, followed by a fourth similar

LAMPIDIN. 63

line which ends at vein 5; two sub-marginal lunular lines, broken by the veins, and sometimes indications of an anteciliary pale line. Hindwing with six transverse lines, all more or less dislocated by the veins, the third and fourth abruptly curved inwards towards the abdominal margin, the sub-terminal scries as on the forewing; a large black sub-terminal spot in interspace 2, a much smaller one in interspace 1, both with metallic blue scales, both capped with orange. Antenne black, ringed with white ; head and body blackish above, with blue pubescence, white beneath.

Female. Upperside blue, not shining. orewing with black costal line, apex broadly black, rapidly fining hindwards on the outer margin. //indwing with the costal space blackish, terminal line black edged inwardly by a white line, attached to a series of black spots, capped with white lunules, which are also capped with blackish Junules. Underside as in the male, but the orange caps near the anal angle of the hindwing much more extensive.

Expanse of wings, ¢ ? 1,55 to 1;‘5 inches.

Hasirat.—Assam, Borneo, Malacca.

DIsTRIBUTION.—It is in the B. M. from the Khasia Hills, Malacca, Sarawak and Labuan ; we possess an example from the Khasia Hills, received from the Rev. Walter A. Hamilton, and we have it also from Perak and Penangah.

JAMIDES CLEODUS. Plate 654, figs. 1, g, la, 2, 1b, 6. Lycena cleodus, Felder, Reise, Nov. Lep. p. 272, pl. 34, figs. 20, 21, g, 22, 9 (1865). de Nicéville,

Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1895, p. 40. H. H. Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 583. Lampides pura, Moore, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. xxi. p. 41 (1886).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside bluish-white, very much the same colour as J. celeno ; terminal line of both wings finely brown, the white lines of the underside showing through the wings. Cilia white. Underside chocolate-grey, markings white. Forewing with the hinder marginal space narrowly white, a line from the median vein, inside the cell, to the white hinder margin, a white dot above the line near the costa, a line across the end of the cell, with a dot above it, followed by a line from near the costa to the white hinder margin, then a line from near the costa to vein 3, all these lines nearly straight. Hindwing with six lines, the second, third and fourth abruptly angled and bent inwards towards the abdominal margin, the fourth line commences from the median vein at the end of the cell, the fifth from near the costa ends on vein 4, its lower portion close to the commencement of the fourth line, the sixth line is dislocated at vein 4 ; both wings with a brown terminal line edged inwardly by a white line, followed by two sub-terminal lines more or less lunular and divided by the veins ; a large black lunular sub-terminal spot in interspace 2, a small one in interspace 1, both with metallic scales and capped

64 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

with orange; tails brown, edged and tipped with white. Antenne brown, ringed with white ; head and body brown above, with grey pubescence, white beneath.

Female. Upperside slightly paler than the male, but without the gloss, the underside markings showing through the wings. orewing with a narrow terminal brown band, with inner brown suffusion at the apex, a sub-terminal brown thin band, well separated from the terminal band, composed of more or less lunular marks divided by the veins. indwing with a terminal black line, inwardly edged by a white line, with a series of black lunules attached to it, and a sub-terminal band like that of the forewing, but more lunular. Underside as in the male, the lines broader, the orange near the anal angle of the hindwing more extensive.

Hasitat.— Burma, Assam, Sumatra, Nias, Philippines.

DiIsTRIBUTION.—The type came from the Philippines, Moore’s types from Mergui, now in the B. M.; de Nicéville records it from Assam, Burma and Sumatra; it is in our collection also from Nias.

Nore.—de Nicéville misidentified J. pura, Moore, in Butt. of India, iu. p. 170 (1890), and in his frontispiece figure No. 132 2, he described and figured Butler's species conferenda, and Bingham unfortunately followed his example in Fauna of Brit. Ind. Butt. ii. p. 143 (1907), but de Nicéville discovered his mistake, and recorded pura properly as a synonym to cleodus in Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1895, p. 40, and records the proper localities in p. 38.

JAMIDES SUBDITA. Plate 654, figs. 2, ¢, 2a, 9, 2b, g.

Lampides subdita, Moore, Journ, Linn. Soc. Zool. xxi. p. 41 (1886). de Nicéville, Butt of India, iii. p. 166 (1890). Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 402 (1907).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside pale lavender-blue. orewing with a fine costal black line, and both wings with thicker terminal black lines, the white lines of the underside: showing through the wings. Tail black, tipped with white. Cilia grey. Underside pale lilac-brown, lines white. Forewing with a line closing the cell, and a similar parallel line just outside; a line from the middle of their lower ends to the hinder margin, which is narrowly white, an almost straight lime from near the costa (above its commencement two small linear marks) to the hinder margin, a parallel line from near the costa to vein 3, two sub-terminal lines, the space between them darker than the ground colour, an anteciliary white line. Hindwing with six lines, the fourth, fifth and sixth angled and bent inwards towards the abdominal margin, followed by a double row of lunules, the inner series angulated, between them the ground colour is nearly black, and beyond them a series of small blackish lunular marks which are enclosed between the band and the anteciliary white line, the band is

LAMPIDINA. 65

interrupted in interspace 2 by a large orange patch which caps a black sub-terminal spot, and a small black spot with a small orange cap near the anal angle.

Female. Upperside of a duller blue colour. Forewing with a very broad blackish outer marginal band, broadest at the apex. Hindwing with the costal portion broadly blackish, outer marginal band narrow and blackish, containing a series of white spots with black lunular spots inside them, the band having on its inner side a series of indistinct whitish Junules. Underside as in the male.

Expanse of wings, $ ? 14%, inches.

Hasirat.—Burma, Tenasserim, Mergui.

JAMIDES CONFERENDA. Plate 654, figs. 3, ¢, 3a, 9, 3b 2 (Wet-season Brood), 3c, ¢, 3d, 9 (Dry-season Brood). Lampides conferenda, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1886, p. 185. Lampides pura, de Nicéville (nec Moore), Butt. of India, iii. p. 170, frontispiece, fig. 132, 9 (1890).

Elwes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892, p. 627. Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 403, woodcut (1907).

Wet-season Brood (Figs. 3, ¢, 3a, 9, 3b, 2).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside bluish-white, like cleodus; the underside markings showing through the wings. Fvrewing with costal and terminal lines black, a thin black terminal band, from the apex narrowing hindwards. Hindwing with black terminal line ; tails black, tipped with white. Cilia of both wings grey, with a basal white band. Underside. orewing with the lower portion whitish, the rest of the wing suffused with pale chocolate, two brown lines across the end of the cell, two (curving outwardly a little) from near the costa to vein 3, two from vein 8 to vein 1, closing together hindwards, all filled in with dark chocolate colour, forming three short bands into the shape of the figure Y; a paler chocolate terminal band, rather narrow and uniform in width, bordered on its inner side by a series of small lunular chocolate marks. Hindwing entirely suffused with chocolate colour, bands darker, a sub-basal rather straight narrow band, a medial broader band divided into four pieces ; the series with a slight inward curve the lowest piece angled, a still broader band from vein 8 to vein 3, with its outer margin sinuous and curving outwards, all these bands lined on both sides with dark brown, an indistinct marginal band of disconnected rather large squares.

Female. Upperside coloured like the male, but duller in colour. Forewing with a

‘rather broad black marginal band, broadest at the apex, continued a little on the costa and down the outer margin, where it narrows hindwards, and has some short black streaks running in on the veins. Hindwing with terminal black line and a sub-terminal

VOL. VIII. K

66 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

series of thin grey connected lunules and a series of grey spots between them, the spot in interspace 2 being largest and blackest. Underside like the male. Expanse of wings, $ $ 13 inches.

Dry-season Brood (Figs. 3c, ¢, 3d, ?).

Male. Upperside coloured like the Wet-season form, the marginal band on the forewing absent; both wings with terminal brown fine line. Underside similar to the underside of the other form.

Female. Like the female of the Wet-season form on both sides, but on the upper- side the marginal band on the forewing is much narrower and paler.

Expanse of wings, 3 $ 13/5 inches.

Haprrat.—India, Burma.

DistRIBUTION.—We have it from Rangoon, Sikkim, the Khasia Hills, Bombay, Mahableshwur, Poona and Karwar, and there is a drawer full of both forms of this species, including Butler’s types, in the B. M. from many parts of India.

Norr.—This species has heretofore stood in collections as the Dry-season form of J. celeno, Cramer, and was described and figured by de Nicéville and Bingham as

J. pura, Moore.

JAMIDES CELENO.

Plate 655, figs. 1g, la, 9, lb, g¢ (Wet-season Brood), lc, ¢, 1d, ¢, le, § (Dry-season Brood), 1f (larva and pupa).

Papilio celeno, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 31, figs. C, D (1775).

Lampides celeno, Elwes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892, p. 625. Watson, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1897, p. 661. Mackinnon and de Nicéville, id. 1898, p. 380. Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 404, and p. 398, woodcut, fig. a (1907).

Lyczena alexis, Horsfield and Moore (nec Stoll), Cat. Lep. Mus. E.I.C. i. p. 25, pl. i. fig. 1, larva, la, pupa (1857). Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 773.

Lampides alexis, Moore (nec Stoll), Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 833. Swinhoe, id. 1885, p. 131. Manders, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 529. Swinhoe, id. 1893, p. 298.

Hesperia xlianus, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. (i.) p. 280 (1793).

Polyommatus zxlianus, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 634 (1823).

Lycena zxlianus, Horsfield, Cat. Lep. E.I.C. p. 73, pl. 4, fig. 1, larva, la, pupa (1828).

Lampides zlianus, Butler, Cat. Fabr. Lep. B. M. p. 166 (1869). Moore, Lep. Ceylon, i. p. 94, pl. 38, fig. 3, g, 3a, 9, 3b, larva and pupa (1881). Distant, Rhop. Malayana, p. 228, pl. 21, fig. 18, g, and pl. 22, fig. 19, ¢, variety (1884). Hampson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1888, p- 358. de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 167 (1890). Watson, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1890, p. 35. Davidson and Aitken, id. p. 352. de Nicéville, id. p. 386. Watson, id. 1891, p- 46. Betham, id. p. 179. de Rhé-Philipe, id. 1902, p. 488. Aitken and Comber, id. 1903, p. 48.

Lampides zethus, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 70 (1816).

Cupido agnata, Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874, p. 106, pl. 16, figs. 2, 4, g, 3, Q. Butler, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. Lond. 1877, p. 547.

LAMPIDIN. 67

Lampides zxlianus, var. agnata. Distant, Rhop. Malayana, p. 228 (1844). Plebeius malaccanus, Rober, Iris, i. p. 57, pl. 4, fig. 3, g (1886).

Wet-season Brood (Figs. 1, 3, la, 2, 1b, 2).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside bluish-white ; terminal line on both wings black, the white lines of the underside showing through the wings. Hindwing with a black sub- terminal spot in interspace 2, and a black line from this spot to the anal angle running a little way up the abdominal margin. Cilia white, grey at the tips. Underside chocolate-brown, lines white. orewing, with an oblique line from near the costa (with a dot above its commencement) to the white hinder marginal space, a line across the end of the cell with a dot above it, a line from near the costa (with a dot above it) to the hinder margin, almost meeting there, the inner of the two sub-terminal lines ; a line from near the costa to vein 3, with a slight outward curve, followed immediately by two parallel lines which follow the shape of the outer margin, and are composed of lunular marks joined together; the last of these lines is rather near the margin, and between it and the white anteciliary line is a series of blackish lunular spots. Hindwing with six lines, the second, third and fourth terminating hindwards in angles, these lines with the two sub-terminal lines cover the whole wing, and are for the most part at equal distances apart, and extend right across the wing, with the exception of lines 4 and 5; the fourth commences on the median vein at the end of the cell, and the

fifth commences at the costa and ends on vein 3; nearly all the lines are formed of broken parts; the two sub-terminal lines are composed of broken lunular marks, and are interrupted in interspace 2 by a large orange patch which caps a large black sub- terminal spot, and there is another very small black spot at the anal angle with some orange on it, the terminal lines of both wings are black, edged inwardly by a fine white line ; tails black, tipped with white. Antenne black, ringed with white ; head and body brown above, white beneath.

Female. Upperside darker and duller than the male, especially on the inner portions. Forewing with a broad black outer marginal band, broadest at the apex, and extended a little on to the costa, the black running in a little on the veins, and sometimes there is some black suffusion on the outer portion of the hinder margin. Hindwing with the costal space broadly blackish, a marginal black even band, containing large white spots in the interspaces, with black, somewhat lunular spots inside them ; terminal line black. Underside as in the male.

Expanse of wings, $ ? 14 inches.

Dry-season Brood (Figs. 1c, g, 1d, 9, le, ae!

Male and female on the upperside similar to the Wet-season form, except that the

marginal band on both wings in the female is paler and narrower. On the underside K 2

68 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA

the markings are similar, but thin and indistinct, and the ground colour of both wings is very much paler, some of the examples being very pale grey.

Expanse of wings, $ 1335 inches.

Larva, when full-fed just half an inch in length, of a dull reddish-green colour, thickly shagreened with minute white tubercles, scarcely, if at all, hairy ; the head pale ochreous, entirely hidden beneath the second segment, the segments increasing in width to about the fifth, the two anal segments slightly decreasing and above flattened, especially the thirteenth ; the erectile organs very small ; a dorsal pulsating line, some- what darker than the rest of the body; a sub-dorsal series of pale green oblique streaks, one on each segment on each side from the third to the eleventh segment inclusive ; no other conspicuous markings. Dr. Forel has identified the ant that attends the larva in Caleutta as Camponotus mitis, Smith (= bacchus, Smith = ventralis, Smith). Dr. G. King identifies the plant on which the larva feeds in Calcutta as Heynea trijuga, Roxburgh.

Pupa, of the usual Lycenid shape, quite smooth, neither hairy nor pitted, pale ochreous-greenish, the upper portions of the abdominal segments darker, covered throughout with coarse, rounded, blackish spots placed irregularly ; a dorsal and a sub- dorsal series of similar but larger spots or blotches placed irregularly. Head bluntiy rounded, thorax slightly humped and constricted posteriorly, end of the abdomen rounded (de Nicéville).

Hasirat.—India, Burma, Ceylon, Andamans, Nicobars and the Malayan regions extending to the Philippines. A very common species.

Norr.—de Nicéville puts Papilio alezis, Stoll, as a synonym to zlianus, Fabricius, but Stoll records his type as from Surinam, he has only figured its upperside and it is impossible to make out what it is meant to represent.

JAMIDES KINKURKA. Plate 655, figs. 2, ¢, 2a, 9, 2b, g, 2c, 2. Lycena kinkurka, Felder, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xii. p. 481 (1862) ; id. Reise, Nov. Lep. ii. p. 273, pl. 34, figs. 24, 25, 9 (1865). Lampides kinkurka, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 588. de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 171 (1890). Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 404, and p. 409, woodcut, fig. a (1907).

Lampides zlianus, Wood-Mason and de Nicéville (nec Fabricius), Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1881, p. 234. de Nicéville, id. 1882, p. 17.

Imaco.—Male. Upperside pale whitish opalescent blue. Forewing with a narrow whitish even band, containing a series of sub-terminal, pale blackish lunular marks, some little pale blackish suffusion at the apex, beyond these marks the narrow whitish band is complete and distinct in fresh specimens, and it is limited on its imner side by

LAMPIDINZ. 69

an indistinct grey thick line. Mindwing with a similar terminal band, but the sub- terminal lunular marks are black, the largest one in interspace 2 above the tail, which is brown with white edging ; terminal line on both wings black. Cilia white. Under- side nearly white, markings indistinct and white. Forewing with a line across the inner end of the cell, continued to the hinder margin, outwardly lined with brownish ; a short line across the outside of the cell, inwardly similarly edged; each with a white spot above them near the costa, two parallel lines from above vein 7 to vein 3, the inner one outwardly edged, the outer one inwardly, the inner line continued inwardly to the hinder margin, inwardly edged. Hindwing with six somewhat ir- regular lines in pairs, but nearly at equal distances apart, the first three acutely angled and bent towards the abdominal margin ; both wings with terminal black line, a double series of sub-terminal, brown marks on a white band; those on the hindwing dark brown, the outer series on the hindwing blackish, interrupted in interspace 2 by a large sub-terminal black spot with a black waved line to the anal angle, crowned with orange. Antenne black, with white specks; head and body grey above, with pale bluish-white pubescence, white beneath.

Female. Upperside darker than the male. Furewing in some examples with a very broad blackish outer marginal band; this band varying much in different examples, the ordinary form has a broad blackish apical band, shaped somewhat squarely on its inner side, and narrow down the outer margin, generally with a pale centre. Hindwing with the outer marginal band shaped as in the male, but more pronounced and distinct, the sub-terminal spots black, the line or thin band limiting the narrow white band blackish. Underside as in the male, but the ground colour is dark grey and the lines white and distinct.

Expanse of wings, ¢ ? 1,3; inches.

Hasrrat.—The Nicobar Islands.

Disrripution.—The type came from Kar Nicobar, and is in the Vienna Museum ; we have many examples from Kamorta and Nancowry, and de Nicéville records it from Teressa, Trinkut, Katschall, and Great Nicobar.

JAMIDES ELPIS. Plate 656, figs. 1, g, la, 2, 1b, 9 (Wet-season Brood), lc, g, 1d, 9, le, ? (Dry-season Brood).

Polyommatus elpis, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 654 (1823).

Lycena elpis, Horsfield, Cat. Lep. E.I.C. p. 76, pl. i. fig. 4, g (1828), and pl. 4, figs. 1b to e, structure of imago (1829). Horsfield and Moore, Cat. Lep. Mus. E.I.C. i. p. 24 (1857). Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent. xix. p. 152 (1876).

Lampides elpis, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 833. de Nicéville, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1881, p. 52. de Nicéville, id. 1889, p. 11, pl. i. figs. 5a, g, 5b, larva. Moore, Lep. Ceylon, i. p. 95, pl. 38, figs. 4, g, 4a, ? (1881). Distant, Rhop. Malayana, p. 226, pl. 21, figs. 25, g,

70 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

26, (1884). Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, 1884, p. 335. Hampson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1888, p. 358. de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 161 (1890). Manders, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 528. Elwes, id. 1892, p. 626. Swinhoe, id. 1893, p. 297. Watson, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1890, p. 35. . de Nicéville, id. p. 386. Watson, id. 1891, p. 46. Betham, id. p. 179. Davidson, Bell and Aitken, id. 1896, p. 377. Bingham (part), Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 407 (1907). Lampides pseudelphis, Butler, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. Lond. 1877, p. 547, pl. 68, figs. 9, ¢, 8, 2.

Wet-season Brood (Figs. 1, g, 1a, 2, 1b, 2).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside pale azure-blue; the underside markings showing through the wings. Forewing with a black costal and terminal line, some narrow black suffusion inside the latter. Hindwing with sub-terminal rather large blackish spots outwardly edged with white and a terminal black line ; these spots vary much in size, and in some specimens there is a second row of smaller and paler spots on their inner side. Cilia blackish. | Underside greyish chocolate-brown. Furewing with two parallel oblique lines, the inner one commencing across the end of the cell to the hinder margin, the third line from near the costa to vein 3, the fourth from near the costa to vein 4, the first and last two disconnected in parts, two sub-terminal lines divided by the veins, followed by darkish lunular marks, a sub-terminal white line and a black terminal line. Hindwing with six transverse lines, which, with the two sub-terminal lines, cover the whole wing, and with the exception of the first two, which are rather close together, are at fairly equal distances apart; and all are more or less divided by the veins; the third, fourth and fifth are angulated at their lower ends, the fifth terminates at vein 8, the sixth at vein 4; the two sub-terminal lines are somewhat lunular, and have darker spaces between them and between the outer one and the anteciliary white line, the dividing veins make them look like dark spots, and they are interrupted in interspace 2 by a large orange patch inside of which is a large black sub-terminal spot, with metallic scales, and there is a smaller black spot at the anal angle with a small orange cap; tails black, tipped with white. Antenne black, rmged with white ; head and body brown above, with blue pubescence, white beneath.

Female. Upperside paler and duller in colour than the male. Fvrewing with a broad black marginal border, broadest at the apex, extending narrowly along the costa to its base and down the outer margin narrowing hindwards, with some black colour running in shortly on the veins. Hindwing with the costal space broadly blackish, the outer marginal band composed of a series of largish white spots containing black lunules, except in interspace 3, where there is a largish black spot ; on the inside of the series is a line of brownish lunular marks joined together, and on the outside a terminal black line. Underside paler than the male, markings similar.

Expanse of wings, $ 14% to 14% inches.

LAMPIDINA. 71

Dry-season Brood (Figs. 1c, S, 1d, ?, le, 2).

Male and female paler than the Wet-season form, otherwise very similar, but on the underside the colour is paler and greyer and the markings somewhat indistinct.

Expanse of wings, ¢ ? 1435 inches.

Larva.—Feeds on the flowers and seeds of the cultivated cardamom and also on those of Kempferia pandurata. It is very similar to that of L. celeno, Cramer, but is of a pink hue, with well-defined stripes of red dorsally and laterally.

Pura.—Found inside the fruit, or in the cluster of dead flowers above the fruit ; is smooth and of a dull yellowish-brown, marked with interrupted bands of a darker brown ; in shape it is similar to L. celeno. (Davidson, Bell and Aitken.)

Hasirat.—India, Burma, Ceylon, Andamans, Nicobars, extending through the Malayan sub-region to Java. A common species.

JAMIDES KONDULANA. Plate 656, figs. 2, ¢, 2a, 9, 2b, g.

- Lyczena kondulana, Felder, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xii. p. 484 (1862); id. Reise, Nov. Lep. ii. p. 271, pl. 34, fig. 6, g¢ (1865). Lampides kondulana, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 588, de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 172 (1890). Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 409, woodcut, fig. b (1907).

Imaco.—Male. Upperside pale azure-blue, much as in the Wet-season brood of elpis, but the colour more uniform; markings similar. Underside greyish chocolate-brown as in elpis, bands formed by white streaks not so sinuous as those in elpis. Forewing with a bar across the end of the cell, continued in an outwardly oblique way to the hinder margin, close to the sub-terminal series, the inner line of the upper part, commencing from the centre of the lower end of the discoidal bar ; a short band of three bars from near the costa (with a small upper, attached spot) to vein 4, a short line in the next interspace, from the centre of the band. Hindwing with an outwardly curved, indistinct antemedial band of conjoined bars, a medial band, commencing with a bar across the end of the cell (a streak above, in the two uppermost interspaces) where it is disjointed, and continued a little inwards, and curves round (not angled) at its lower end to the abdominal margin; a discal disjointed band from the costa to vein 4, with a streak below in the middle; both wings with terminal blackish line, sub-terminal white line, and a double row of white lunular marks, interrupted on the hindwing by a large black spot in interspace 2, with a black smaller spot on each side of it, all capped with orange. Cilia grey with a white medial line; tail black, tipped with white. Antenne black, speckled with white beneath ; head and body blackish above, with blue pubescence, whitish beneath.

-1 bo

LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

Female. Upperside coloured like the male. Forewing with broad, black, costal and outer marginal bands; broadest at the apex, narrowing towards the base and towards the hinder angle. Hindwing with terminal black line, a sub-terminal white band, inwardly edged with a pale blackish somewhat lunular thin band, and containing a series of black spots, one in each interspace, the largest in interspace 2. Underside as in the male.

Expause of wings, ¢ $ 13 inches.

Hasirat.—The Nicobar Islands.

JAMIDES KANKENA. Plate 656, figs. 3, ¢, 3a, g. Lycena kankena, Felder, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xii. p. 481 (1862); id. Reise, Nov. Lep. ii. p- 270, pl. 34, fig. 37, ¢ (1865). Lampides kankena, de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 174 (1890). Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 408, pl. 20, fig. 148 (1907). Lampides rogersi, Bingham, l.c. p. 409.

Imaco.—Male. Upperside shining silvery azure-blue, of a brighter and more beautiful tint than any Indian species of this genus; some of the white markings of the underside visible through the wings. orewing with the costal and terminal line finely black. Cilia black. Hindwing with the terminal line black, a sub-terminal broad whitish line, a sub-terminal black spot in interspace 2, a sinuous black line from it to the anal angle where there is a white dot; tails black, tipped with white. Cilia brown, with a middle white line. Underside, chocolate-brown, markings white. Forewing with a double line across the end of the cell, both continued to near the hinder margin, outwardly oblique and ending close to the sub-terminal series; two outwardly curved short lines from near the costa, the inner one to vein 3, the outer to vein 2. Hindwing with two antemedial lines, a third line disconnected in inter- space 6, a series of two short lines in interspaces 7 and 6, a series of three lines in interspaces 7, 6, and 5, a sixth line complete across the wing, line. 2, angled, 3 and 6 curved, all turning in on the abdominal margin ; both wings with black terminal line and black cilia; an anteciliary white line and a double series of short white lines or lunular marks interrupted in interspace 2 of the hindwing by a large sub-terminal black spot and a smaller one in interspace 1, both with some metallic blue scales and capped with orange. Antenne black, ringed with white; head and body above blue like the colour of the wings, white below.

Female, unknown.

Expanse of wings, ¢ 14/5 inches.

Hasirat.—Nicobar Islands.

LAMPIDIN. 73

The type from Kar Nicobar is in the Vienna Museum, the figure and the above description are from a male from Naucowry, in the late Colonel Bingham’s collection now in the Druce Museum and kindly lent to us. We cannot agree with Bingham that it is nearly related to e/pis, his figure of both upper and underside is very bad, and does not at all represent the insect, which is unlike any other species we know of.

INDO-MALAYAN AND CHINESE ALLIED SPECIES.

Jamides aratus, Papilio aratus, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pl. 365, figs. A, B (1782). H.H. Druce, Proce. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 584. Habitat, Malayana, Borneo, Celebes.

Jamides astraptes, Lycena astraptes, Felder, Sitzb. Ak. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Nat. cl. xl. p. 456 (1860). Habitat, Philippines, Amboina.

Jamides suidas, Lycena suidas, Felder, Reise, Nov. Lep. ii. p. 373, pl. 34, figs. 18, 19. Synonym, Plebeius calliatus, Rober, Tris, 1886, p. 55, pl. 4, fig. 13. Habitat, Philippines.

Jamides mindora, Lycena mindora, Felder, |.c. p. 277, pl. 34, figs. 9, 10. Habitat, Philippines.

Jamides adana, Cupido adana, Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 349. Habitat, Borneo.

Jamides evanescens, Lampides evanescens, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 615. Habitat, Philippines, New Hebrides.

Jamides latimargus, Cupido latimargus, Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent. 1878, p. 19, pl. i. fig. 4. Habitat,

: Celebes.

Jamides philatus, Cupido philatus, Snellen, l.c. p. 21, pl. 1, fig. 5. Habitat, Celebes.

Jamides talinga, Plebeius talinga, Kheil, Rhop. Nias, p. 29, pl. 5, fig. 32, ¢, 33, 9 (1884). Habitat, Nias. ;

Jamides siraha, Plebeius siraha, Kheil, l.c. pl. 5, fig. 35 (1884). Habitat, Nias.

Jamides abdul, Lampides abdul, Distant, Rhop. Malayana, p. 456, pl. 44, fig. 22 (1886). Synonym, Lampides markata. de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iii. p. 174 (note) (1890). Habitat, Perak.

Jamides snelleni, Plebeius snelleni, Rober, Iris, 1886, p. 54, pl. 4, fig. 9. Habitat, Celebes.

Jamides insularis, Plebeius insularis, Rober, Iris, l.c. pl. 4, fig. 14. Habitat, Java.

Jamides osias, Plebeius osias, Rober, le. p. 56, pl. 5, fig. 17. Synonym, Lycena amphissima, Staudinger, Lep. Palawan, p. 100, pl. i. fig. 4, 2 (1889). Habitat, Philippines.

Jamides optimus, Plebeius optimus, Rober, Iris, l.c. p. 56, pl. 4, fig. 16. Habitat, Malacca.

Jamides obscurus, Plebeius optimus, var. obscurus, Rober, l.c. p. 56. Habitat, Celebes.

Jamides festivus, Plebeius festivus, Rober, l.c. p. 58, pl. 4, fig. 17. Habitat, Celebes.

Jamides orestes, Plebeius orestes, Rober, l.c. pl. 4, fig. 20. Habitat, South Celebes.

Jamides griseus, Plebeius griseus, Rober, l.c. p. 60, pl. 4, fig. 18. Habitat, East Celebes.

Jamides talanjang, Lampides subditus talanjang, Doherty, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1891, p. 28, Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1904, p. 204. Habitat, Engano, N. Philippines.

Jamides elpidion, Lampides elpidion, Doherty, l.c. Fruhstorfer, l.c. Habitat, Engano.

Jamides coalita, Lampides coalita, de Nicéville, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1891, p. 363, pl. F, figs. 12, ¢,18, 9. Habitat, Java.

Jamides saturata, Lycena saturata, Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent. 1892, p. 37. Habitat, Java, Sumatra.

Jamides cunilda, Lycena cunilda, Snellen, l.c. 1896, p. 91, pl. i. fig. 4. Habitat, W. Java.

Jamides subperusa, Lycena superusa, Snellen, l.c. p. 93. Habitat, W. Java.

Jamides lucida, Lampides lucida, de Nicéville, Journ. As. Scc. Bengal, 1894, p. 33, pl. 5, fig. 3, g. Habitat, N.E. Sumatra.

VOL. VIII. Li

74 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

Jamides limes, Lampides limes, H. H. Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 581, pl. 32, fig. 16, g. Habitat, Kina Balu, Borneo.

Jamides virgulatus, Lampides virgulatus, H, H. Druce, le. fig. 17, ¢. Habitat, Kina Balu, Labuan, Sarawak.

Jamides lugine, Nacaduba lugine, H. H. Druce, l.c. p. 577, pl. 32, fig. 15, g¢. Habitat, Labuan.

Jamides zebra, Lampides zebra, H. H. Druce, l.c. p. 583, pl. 32, fig. 18, ¢. Habitat, Borneo.

Jamides lividus, Lampidus lividus, H. H. Druce, lc. p. 584, pl. 32, fig. 20, ¢. Habitat, Kina Balu, Labuan.

Jamides margarita, Plebeius margarita, Martin, Hinige, neue Tagschmett. von Nord. Sumatra, p. 9 (1895). Habitat, Sumatra.

Jamides daones, Lampides daones, H. H. Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1896, p. 656, pl. 29, fig. 5, ¢. Habitat, Penungah, Borneo.

Jamides daonides, Plebeius (Lampides) daonides, Rober, Ent. Nachr. xxiii. p. 100 (1897). Habitat, W. Jaya.

Jamides lunata, Lampides lunata, de Nicéville, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. 1898, p. 145, pl. Z, figs. 21,6, 22, 9. Habitat, N. Celebes.

Genus NACADUBA.

Nacaduba, Moore, Lep. Ceylon, i. p. 88 (1881). Distant, Rhop. Malayana, p. 218 (1884). de Nicéville, Butt. of India, iil. p. 141 (1890). Bingham, Fauna of Brit. India, Butt. ii. p. 381 (1907).

Eyes hairy. J orewing with vein 3 from before lower end of cell, 6 from upper end, 7 from a little before it, 8 absent, 9 from middle of 7, 10 from apical third of sub-costal, 11 close to it at its base, completely anastomoses with 12 for a short distance, then runs free to the costa, 12 ends on costa opposite end of cell. Costa arched, apex blunt, outer margin convex, hinder angle obtuse, hinder margin straight. //indwing with veins 3 and 4 from lower end of cell, or from a little before it, 8 well arched at base, ends on costa before the apex of the wing, wing sub-triangular, costa arched, apex blunt, outer margin convex, hinder angle well marked, abdominal margin convex. Clearly in almost all