n A E B NEWSLETTER NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF EDUCATIONAL BROADCASTERS VOL. 28, NO. 12 DECEMBER, 1963 Computer Study Released to FCC On November 5, 1963, the NAEB released its computer- devised plan for some 2600 assignments of UHF TV chan¬ nels. The study, for which funds were provided by the USOE, demonstrates the feasibility of using digital computer tech¬ niques for TV channel assignment. While there was consid¬ erable preparation time necessary, the actual assignment pro¬ cedure was conducted in a few hours. With the same basic data, subsequent calculations can be made rapidly and pre¬ cisely. Vernon Bronson directed the NAEB staff which con¬ ducted the study, and technical consultants were the Jansky and Bailey Broadcast-Television Division of Atlantic Research Corporation. Educational Media Council Elects NAEB President William G. Harley was elected vice-chair¬ man of the Educational Media Council at its annual meeting October 7-9 in Washington. James D. Finn, DAVI repre¬ sentative, was elected chairman, and Ben Edelman, Electronic Industries Association representative, was named secretary. Margaret Gill, executive secretary of the Association for Su¬ pervision and Curriculum Development, was re-elected treas¬ urer. Retiring chairman Charles F. Schuller had served in that capacity since the council was organized in 1960. He was re-elected member-at-large and member of the board of directors. Playwriting Competition Announced The Broadway Theatre League of Evansville (Indiana) an¬ nounces its first annual playwriting competition, in which $1,200 will be awarded for the best full-length play submitted. Competition closes March 1, 1964. Information from: Broad¬ way Theatre League of Evansville, Inc., 116 Main Street, Evansville, Indiana 47708. Script Competitions Open Birmingham’s twelfth annual Festival of Arts will include radio and TV script-writing competitions open to amateurs and professionals. Radio prizes are $100 and $50; TV prizes are $300 and $100. No fees are attached. Entry deadline: Feb¬ ruary 15, 1964. Details from Evelyn Walker, ETV Studio, 720 South 20th Street, Birmingham, Alabama, 35205. Stanford Offers Graduate Scholarships Stanford University’s department of communication is re¬ ceiving applications for graduate scholarships for 1964-65. January 15 is the deadline for applications for the scholar¬ ships, which carry stipends from $1,410 to $2,850. Awards ^ are for persons preparing for careers in editorial journalism, mass communications research, advertising and media research, and broadcasting and film. Write Executive Head, Depart¬ ment of Communication, Stanford University, Stanford, Cali¬ fornia. NAEB Convention Postscripts • 814 persons attended—for the biggest NAEB convention ever. Highest previous registration was about 500 for the 1962 meet. • Voting members unanimously approved the reorganization plan briefly outlined in the November Newsletter. • Representatives of the various groups under the new plan met to set up procedures for election of officers for their respective divisions. • The Individual Member thermometer at the NAEB booth registered 1459 Individual Members at the close of the con¬ vention, a gain of 55 over the 1404 shown on opening day. • Dates were set for the 1964 convention in Austin, Texas— October 25-28. Educational Radio Group to Meet The University of Chicago will host a meeting on “The Fu¬ ture of Educational Radio” January 29-31, 1964, at the Center for Continuing Education. IERT Schedules May Meeting The 1964 Institute for Education by Radio and Television will be May 22-24 at the Plaza Hotel in Columbus, Ohio. Region III to Meet in March NAEB Region III members will meet March 22-24, 1964, in the new radio-TV building on the campus of Indiana Uni¬ versity, Bloomington. George C. Johnson, of the I. U. Radio and Television Service, is general chairman of the conference, and two committees are planning the program and activities. In addition to Johnson, members of the committees are. Local —Kathryn Fraser, Sidney Kraus, William Kroll, James Perry, and Richard Yoakam. Regional —Clifford Erickson, Chicago Junior College; William Ewing, Ohio State University; John Henderson, Purdue University; William Kroll, Indiana Uni¬ versity; Vernon McKown, New Albany; John Regnell, WILL, University of Illinois; and Buren Robbins, Southern Illinois University. Wisconsin to Host Music Directors Midwest educational broadcast music directors will meet at the University of Wisconsin October 6 and 7, 1964. In mak¬ ing the announcement, Harry Welliver, chairman of the steer¬ ing committee planning the meeting, promised more details after the first of the year. Welliver, music director at the University of Michigan’s WUOM, was elected at the group’s recent meeting at Indiana University. Kansas, Texas, Utah: "Alabama Not 1st" There was an item in the October Newsletter stating that Alabama claimed the nation’s first gubernatorial proclama¬ tion of a state ETV week, September 9-13, 1963. Keith Engar, director of radio-TV services at the University of Utah, writes that KUED enjoyed gubernatorial proclamations on two occasions—in 1958 and 1959—declaring a state educa¬ tional television week. Harvey Herbst, station manager of 1 KLRN-TV, southwest Texas, sends photos of proclamations by two different governors of Texas—February 11-15, 1963, and in 1961. Donald W. Hansen, director of radio at Wichita University, writes that this year, for the second year, the Kansas governor is proclaiming an Educational Broadcasting Week. Any Broadcast Sales Seminars? Donald W. Hansen, director of radio at Wichita University, is planning a broadcast sales seminar. The class, restricted to seven upper-division students, will be taught by sales man¬ agers of local commercial stations. Students will meet once a week for a two-hour lecture-discussion period. Each student will be assigned to a salesman from one of the stations, and will make the rounds one afternoon a week to observe pres¬ entation methods, servicing, etc. Hansen would like to hear from anyone else who has attempted this sort of seminar—and he is interested in both results and student reactions. His ad¬ dress : 1751 N. Fairmount, Wichita 8, Kansas. Bell System Presents Tele-Lecture Seminars Three prominent NAEBers participated in the most recent Tele-Lecture seminar on October 21. They were Larry T. Frymire, chief of Educational Broadcasting Branch of the FCC; William G. Harley, NAEB president; and Richard B. Hull, director of radio and TV broadcasting and of the Tele¬ communications Center, Ohio State University, and chairman of the NAEB Board of Directors. This was the third in the series of seminars, which allow discussion between educators and telephone company consult¬ ants. Each educator presents a short talk by phone from the city in which he is located. Then telephone company personnel located at various listening and participating posts continue the discussion. Other NAEBers who have participated in the two previous seminars are: Hartford N. Gunn, Jr., general manager, WGBH, Boston; R. Lynn Kalmbach, general man¬ ager, South Carolina ETV Center; and James G. Paltridge, statewide director of ETV, University of California. Publications • Newly published by Pennsylvania State University is a 74- page book, Comparative Research on Methods and Media for Presenting Programed Courses in Mathematics and English The book reports on a project directed by C. R. Carpenter and L. P. Greenhill, under a USOE grant. • Donald L. McCaleb, coordinator of public relations for Cali¬ fornia State Polytechnic College, writes that he has just com¬ pleted a research paper, “A Survey of the Uses of Television in the Public Relations Programs of Colleges and Universities in California.” He states that he will be glad to send copies of the 53-page report to Newsletter readers as long as the supply lasts. Write to him at the college, San Luis Obispo, California. • The Buttenheim publication Overview, a magazine for edu¬ cational executives, has changed its name to American School & University. • The 1963 edition of HEW’s book Grants-in-Aid and Other Financial Assistance Programs Administered by the US. De¬ partment of Health, Education, and Welfare is off the press. It is obtainable from the GPO, Washington, D.C., 20402, for $2.25. • Reprints are available of the address delivered by Gilbert Seldes at the annual awards dinner of the Alfred I. duPont Awards Foundation in March, 1963. Write for copies of “The Public Interest” to the Curator, the Alfred I. duPont Awards Foundation, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia. EQUIPMENT FOR SALE Because of the closing of a TV training studio, a correspond¬ ent has for sale two used Iconoscope cameras and auxiliary equipment. Write to Margaret Stone, Northwest Schools, 1221 Northwest 21st Avenue, Portland 9, Oregon. News Notes PERSONNEL ^ Richard S. Burdick, executive vice president and general manager, WHYY, Philadelphia, will leave the first of the year to become general manager of Boston Broadcasters, Inc., a commercial TV group applying for Channel 5, CBS affili¬ ate in Boston. Replacing Burdick at WHYY will be Warren A. Kraetzer, vice president for development and secretary of NET. ^ Walter P. Sheppard has assumed the new post of faculty program director of WBUR (FM), Boston University; he is also an assistant professor of broadcasting at the university. He came to Boston from the University of Wisconsin, where he recently completed requirements for the Ph.D. ^ Col. DeWolf Schatzel has joined Dallas consulting engi¬ neers A. Earl Cullum Jr. and Associates. He was recently with MPATI. ^ Geoffrey E. Geilich has been appointed program director for WUHY-FM, Philadelphia, succeeding James W. Keeler, who is leaving to become assistant program director of WNYC, New York. Geilich has been with WUHY for four months, and he was previously manager of WXPN, Univer¬ sity of Pennsylvania. Keeler has been program director at WUHY since 1956. ^ Daniel Rose, formerly a scholarship student with WGBH- TV, Boston, has joined the staff of KCSD-TV, Kansas City, as assistant producer. ^ William G. Harley, NAEB president, and James A. Fel¬ lows, assistant director of research and development, spoke at the Fourth Air Force Television Conference at Lowry Air Force Base in October in Denver. Harley was the banquet speaker, and Fellows presented a paper on evaluating the ef¬ fectiveness of TV presentations. ^ Gilbert Seldes, former dean of the Annenberg School of Communications, University of Pennsylvania, has been ap¬ pointed consultant to the program department of NET. He will spend a week a month in New York City for that pur¬ pose. Seldes retired June 30 from his position at the Annen¬ berg School, which he had held since 1959. ^ Jack Aistrop, transcription distribution manager, will move to the United States January 1 to be BBC’s representative in this country. ^ Mickie Newbill has returned to the University of Florida from the University of Michigan, where she received the Ph.D. in broadcasting. She is serving as assistant professor and as WUFT producer-director. ^ George Mastroianni has been named program director for WFCR, Amherst, Massachusetts. ^ Edward Steele II, formerly of WMTV, Omaha, has been named producer-director at the Auburn studio of the Alabama ETV network. Assisting him will be Jack Penn, from the U. S. Army TV department. ^ Two University of Michigan Television Center staffers are teaching courses in the speech department this year. Alfred Slote, senior producer, teaches dramatic writing for radio and TV, and Mike Berla, film editor, teaches a course in techniques of cinematography. Ron R. Browne has been named assistant professor of roadcasting at Boston University. He was formerly on the NAEB Newsletter, a monthly publication issued by the Na¬ tional Association of Educational Broadcasters, I 19 Gregory Hall, Urbana, III. 61803. $5.00 a year, $7.50 including Washington Re¬ port. Editor: Betty McKenzie. Phone 333-0580. Area Code 217. Reporters: Region I —Michael Ambrosino, EEN, 238 Main St., Cambridge, Mass. Region II —Shirley Ford, WUOT, University of Tennessee, Knox ville. —Lou Peneguy, AETC, 2151 Highland Ave., Birming¬ ham, Ala. Region III —McCabe Day, WVSH, School City of Huntington, Ind. Region IV —Richard Vogl, KTCA-TV, 1640 Como Ave., St. Paul, Minn. 2 NEWSLETTER faculty of the University of Michigan, and has been with USIA. ^ Ralph L. Rosnow has been named assistant professor of communication research at Boston University. He was pre¬ viously a research psychologist with the Bureau of Social Science Research, Washington. ► Thomas P. Robinson, executive director of New York City’s office of cultural affairs, will become vice president for university relations at New York University January 1. Among the activities which he will coordinate are public service radio and television programs. ^ Sidney A. Dimond, associate professor of broadcasting at Boston University, has been named to the Advisory Commit¬ tee on Education of the Governor’s Highway Safety Commit¬ tee. Hazen Schumacher, Jr., associate director of TV at the niversity of Michigan, has been appointed part-time TV consultant for the university’s Center for Research on Learn¬ ing and Teaching. He will have special responsibilities for advising the center on new developments in educational broad¬ casting and experiments with new ways for using TV for in¬ struction. STATE AND REGIONAL ^ WKNO-TV, Memphis, and WDCN-TV, Nashville, have established Tennessee’s “ETV network” this fall by a regular videotape schedule inter-change. WDCN purchased the studios from commercial WSM-TV, Nashville, and moved in in Sep¬ tember. ^ The Nebraska ETV Commission assumed official status in October, at which time the nine members—representing various educational interests in the state—met to form plans for de¬ veloping the seven-station state-wide network. Jack McBride was named acting general manager of the Nebraska ETV Network. Licenses for all new ETV stations for which state funds are used in activation are to be held by the Commission, the group announced. ^ Kentucky’s board of education has applied to the FCC for six ETV stations—at Covington, Hazard, Madisonville, More- head, Murray, and Bowling Green. ^ New York State’s Division of Educational Communications hosted a meeting October 29 of the state’s nine ETV coun¬ cils—to discuss the latest developments in the ETV plan. Coun¬ cils are presently located in Buffalo, Rochester, Watertown, Corning, Syracuse, Binghamton, New York City, Schenec¬ tady, and Long Island. INSTRUCTION ► Radio programs, broadcast over WABE-FM, are being used to supplement the TV Spanish course for fourth-graders in Atlanta and Fulton County public schools. Short radio lessons review the vocabulary heard on WETV during “Nu- estros Amigos.” WABE broadcasts the radio programs in the afternoon and evening preceding the broadcast for classroom listening. ^ The Alabama ETV network had to print 5,000 extra in¬ school teacher study guides this fall, after the original 6,000 supply vras exhausted. ► St. Louis University announces a complete self-improvement program of basic education over TV. Commercial KTVI broad¬ casts the courses in the mornings, and the educational station, KETC, broadcasts them in the afternoons. ► This fall, for the first time, the Richmond, Virginia, schools used TV for the annual convocation of school personnel. Some 1900 teachers, principals, supervisors, directors, and consultants viewed the program in sixty schools. Reactions have been favorable, with such comments as: “Could hear every word distinctly” (as opposed to difficulty in the large auditorium where convocation has traditionally been) ; “Enjoyed close-ups of the speakers and the feeling of intimacy such close-ups gave”; NAEB Headquarters: Suite 1119, 1346 Connecticut Avenue, N. W„ Washington, D. C., 20036. Phone 667-6000. Area Code 202. “Saved so much time” (in not driving to the meeting and back to school). ► Heath deRochemont Corporation has completed arrangements with the Pasadena (California) board of education for rights to distribute their televised course in conversational Spanish, “Una Aventura Espanola.” The corporation is publisher of the nationally televised “Parlons Francais” course in conversational French, which begins its eleventh year on TV this fall. ► More than 300 hours of classroom instruction are handled by CCTV at Indiana University this fall. Through a system arranged by the telephone company, students on the I. U. Indianapolis campus are participating in six courses originating on the Bloomington campus, and Purdue University students in Lafayette see three. Purdue teaches a course viewed in Bloomington. ► WHA-TV, University of Wisconsin, announces that its most important major CCTV project so far began this fall when production and tape recording of a course in zoology began. ► The University of Texas announces that during a single week this fall, videotape machines there are recording and playing back a total of 212 instructional and educational pro¬ grams. Five years ago, the total for the entire year was 190. The 212 figure does not include about 25 live productions to be aired during the week. ► Among its National School Telecasts this fall, CBC is pre¬ senting a five-part series for high school students on Shake¬ speare’s “Julius Caesar.” The TV version consists of five half- hour programs, each presenting one act of the play. BBC produced the programs. GENERAL ^ WFSU-TV-FM, Florida State University, had its first open house October 16. Schools in the county sent representa¬ tive groups to tour the facilities, and over 800 students came. Nearly forty members of the press and presidents of local civic and social organizations saw closed-circuit radio and TV previews. The open house is slated to become an annual event. ► The Alabama ETV network’s original Birmingham trans¬ mitter, which was replaced last August, has been permanently loaned to the city’s vocational high school to permit senior students in the electronics department to gain practical main¬ tenance and operational transmitter experience. WFCR (FM), Amherst, has a new studio in the School of ducation at the University of Massachusetts. The station’s November program guide carried a questionnaire to deter¬ mine preferences and listening habits of its audience. Oper¬ ators of the station plan to originate more programs in the future from its four supporting institutions—Amherst, Mount Holyoke, and Smith Colleges, and the University of Massa¬ chusetts. ► WTSC-FM, Clarkson College, Potsdam, New York, began operating in November on 2.5 watts—claimed to be the least power for any licensed FM station in the country. ^ KFME, new ETV station in Fargo, North Dakota, received its Ampex videotape recorder a couple of months ago. The VTR was awarded by NET through a Ford Foundation grant. The station also received $10,000 worth of videotape from 3M. ► In an article in the Los Angeles Times, it is reported that the Los Angeles ETV station will go on the air in May, with a test pattern. Actual programing is scheduled to coincide with fall school opening. NBC last month announced a $250,000 contribution to assist in construction of the station. )► KLRN-TV, San Antonio-Austin, announces that a number of its viewers have found do-it-yourself antenna kits of value in obtaining better reception in certain areas of the cities. Noyes W. Willett, chief engineer for the station, says his staff has tested the kits, available for about $5, and found them to be perfectly satisfactory. ► The licensee name for KCUR (FM) has been changed from University of Kansas City to University of Missouri at Kan¬ sas City. ► Plans call for activation of a city-wide ITV system in Rochester, New York, during the coming year. DECEMBER, 1963 3 Placement Office Needs Positions Some 250 persons who are actively seeking employment in edu¬ cational broadcasting have credentials on file at the NAEB Placement Office. Placement Officer Julie Hunt says that the number is increasing rapidly and that the range of candidates is wide—from technicians to station managers, and from re¬ cent college graduates to NAEBers with extensive broadcast experience. Currently “Positions Available” are not keeping up with “Personnel Available.” Institutional members can obtain a free screening service by listing openings with the NAEB Placement Office. Location preferences and minimum salary requirements are considered —and thus the institution is not bothered by Mr. X, who wants to work on the West Coast for a salary of $10,000, while the job is in New England at $7,500! Credentials of the screened applicants are sent to the NAEB institution to be examined leisurely. The institution then contacts the appli¬ cants of interest directly. (Candidates do not contact the in¬ stitution.) For further information on how the NAEB Placement Serv¬ ice operates, write Miss Julie Hunt, NAEB, 1346 Connecti.- cut Avenue, N.W„ Washington, D.C., 20036. New NAEBers ACTIVE The University of South Florida, Station WUSF (FM), Tampa, Florida. ASSOCIATE The Salesianum School, Wilmington, Delaware; The Univer¬ sity of South Florida, Tampa, Florida. SUSTAINING Dow, Lohnes and Albertson, Washington, D.C.; Stations WABC (AM and FM), (Commercial), New York. NETWORK The University of South Florida, Station WUSF (FM), Tam¬ pa, Florida. INDIVIDUALS Elizabeth G. Bailey, Madison; Jeffrey Bell-Gam, Bloomington, Indiana; James Bwogi, Bloomington; Jack A. Carroll, La¬ fayette; Dennis R. Coles, Toronto; B. Kendall Crane, Pitts¬ burgh; Donald Dorin, West Lafayette; Frank D. Edington, Jr., Vermillion; Mrs. Rosemary M. Elstun, Columbus; William Fagan, Lafayette; Stephen J. Feit, Valley Stream, New York; Albert Feldman, New York; Roland K. Fisher, Helena; Mr. Graeme R. Foster, Hagerstown; Francis Z. Gana, Blooming¬ ton; Howard H. Gillaspie, Terre Haute; Edwin L. Glick, Athens; Lee U. Good, Bozeman; Inez Grant, Bloomington; William J. Grigaliunas, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan; Dr. Barton Griffith, Columbia, Missouri; Mr. Chris Griner, Bethlehem; Julia James, Boston; Raymond K. Janson, Canton; Cho-Jen Yu, Bloomington; Leander Komakec, Bloomington; John H. Kroyer, Madison; Mrs. Alice Lewitin, New York; Patricia A. Lutz, Huntingdon, Pennsylvania; Donald W. MacLennan; Columbia, Missouri; Sister Mary Brian, R.S.M., Chicago; Rev. John McLaughlin, S. J., Fairfield, Connecticut; Elroy A. Migacz, Milwaukee; Mohamed Omer Mohamed, Bloom¬ ington ; Levy Charles N’Goma-Mby, Bloomington; Edward C. Obrist, Boston; Arthur A. Paul, Riverside, California; Jerry A. Richards, Toledo; Charles D. Ritchie, Tampa; Sa¬ rah Marie Schlesinger, Baltimore; George Schneidewind, Madison; William Schwab, Mokena, Illinois; John S. Shaf¬ fer, Jr., Westport, Connecticut; Edward J. Shaughnessy, Somerville, Massachusetts; Mrs. Frank Shepherd, Columbia; Ali M. Shummo, Bloomington; James H. Spear, Sharpsburg, Maryland; Charles M. Sradomski, Leetsdale, Pennsylvania; J. Kenneth Webb, Logan; Ernest P. Weckesser, Jr., Kent, Ohio; John P. Witherspoon, San Diego; John H. Worthing¬ ton, West Lafayette. PLACEMENT PERSONNEL AVAILABLE (For information, write Miss Julie Hunt, Placement Service, at the NAEB office in Washington.) December I—Wanted: Position in writing, producing, directing for educational television. M.A. from UCLA in radio & TV production. Several years experience in Army and associate director for specials. Free-lance writing. Mar¬ ried. Salary minimum $5,500. Location open but prefers East or West Coast. Will teach along with job. December 2—Ph.D. in broadcasting (speech) wants adminis¬ trative and/or teaching position in radio-TV-speech. Over 15 years of teaching and administrative experience. Now at major university. Practical broadcasting experi¬ ence. Special interest in ETV development and utiliza¬ tion. Publications. Male, 41, married (one child). $10,000 a year needed with permanent position in friendly com¬ munity. December 3—Ten years a high school teacher, and five years an associate director with commercial network. Two foreign languages; M.A. degree. Seeks position as pro¬ ducer/director in ETV. Any location in U.S.A. December 4—Writer, director, researcher, music director de¬ sires position in ETV. Experience researching and script¬ ing documentary films. Qualified to teach music or U. S. history. A.B., cum laude (music) and M.A. (communica¬ tions). Female, 23, single. Prefers Southwest or Midwest. December 5—Qualified audio technician with varied experi¬ ence in the Armed Forces Radio Service for over 16 years. Seeking position with educational radio or tele¬ vision within the state o,f Florida, or elsewhere. December 6—TV director-producer prefers Ohio, Southwest, West Coast, or overseas in non-teaching position; has directed 700 programs over ETV station; has produced public relations and information-type programs over commercial TV in Cleveland and New York area. Good announcing voice; has written publicity. M.A. in educa¬ tion and M.A. in history. Eight years teaching experience. Salary range: $7,000 to $8,000. December 7—Married male, 29, B.F.A. in drama-speech, with background in educational radio, commercial radio and television, 6 years of teaching desires a position as pro¬ ducer-director in Southern California. Minimum salary, $6,500. Interested in both educational radio and tele¬ vision. December 8—TV production, male, 28, married. Strong in film editing with directorial abilities. Network film experience, local documentary production. Seeking responsible and creative TV situation. Associate in arts, B.S. (3 years in progress). Location open. Minimum salary: $6,500. December 9—Producer-director-manager, with technical ability, experienced in all aspects of ETV station management, wide background of studio and remote production, pres¬ ently completing two years as chief and special projects officer of one of Army's largest closed-circuit produc¬ tion facilities, desires position with growing creative ‘'medium market" installation. December 10—ETV producer-director, 8 years experience, in¬ school television all grade levels, also numerous com¬ munity television programs. Age 40, married, no chil¬ dren. Presently employed; location and salary open. POSITIONS AVAILABLE (In order to be considered by these institutions, the reader must be an Individual Member of the NAEB, with credentials on file with the NAEB Placement Service. Non-members can save time by sending the $10 annual dues and $5 Placement registration fee at the time of inquiry.) Dec-1 Closed-circuit and educational television systems en¬ gineering company on East Coast seeks technician or engineer with considerable background in closed-circuit or broadcast television maintenance. Salary $6,000- $7,000. Dec-2 Executive producer for major ETV station. Heavy local live schedule. Experience in educational or commercial television required. $8,000-$12,000. Open immediately. 4 NEWSLETTER Scanned from the National Association of Educational Broadcasters Records at the Wisconsin Historical Society as part of "Unlocking the Airwaves: Revitalizing an Early Public and Educational Radio Collection." 'oiTu> c KTwe \\KWAVEs A collaboration among the Maryland Institute for Technology in the Humanities, University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Communication Arts, and Wisconsin Historical Society. Supported by a Humanities Collections and Reference Resources grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities I I T I—I MARYLAND INSTITUTE for I TECHNOLOGY in the HUMANITIES UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND WISCONSIN HISTORICAL SOCIETY WISCONSIN NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE Humanities views, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication/collection do not necessarily reflect those of the National Endowment for the Humanities.